Identification of soil-borne fungi in wheat rotation fields and biocontrol potential of Clonostachys rosea

Abstract

Fungal diseases represent a major constraint on global wheat production, necessitating the development of sustainable management strategies that integrate biological control agents. This study aimed to characterize the culturable fungal community in wheat rotation systems (wheat, barley, safflower, chickpea, lentil, and vetch) in Haymana (Ankara, Türkiye) and to evaluate the antagonistic potential of indigenous Clonostachys rosea isolates. A total of 19 fungal isolates were recovered from 25 soil samples and identified via ITS rDNA sequencing as C. rosea (6), Fusarium equiseti (6), Fusarium oxysporum (4), Fusarium redolens (1), Alternaria alternata (1), and Alternaria atra (1). To assess biocontrol efficacy, three representative C. rosea isolates were screened against the virulent pathogen Fusarium culmorum using dual-culture assays. All tested C. rosea isolates significantly inhibited the radial growth of F. culmorum. The highest inhibition rate was achieved by isolate CR11 (32.19%), followed by CR14 (26.82%) and CR15 (15.94%). These findings suggest that wheat ecosystems may host beneficial antagonists, such as C. rosea, which could contribute to the development of biologically based integrated disease management strategies.

Keywords

• Biological control
• Dual culture
• Fusarium culmorum
• ITS
• Crop rotation
• Wheat

Supporting Institution

General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM)

Ethical Statement

The article complies with all applicable standards regarding research ethics and does not involve duplicate publication, fraud, plagiarism, or any issues related to animal or human experimentation.

Thanks

This study was supported by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM). The authors would like to thank the Central Research Institute of Field Crops for their valuable assistance in the collection of soil samples.

Buğday münavebe alanlarındaki toprak kökenli fungusların tanımlanması ve Clonostachys rosea’ nın biyolojik mücadele potansiyeli

Abstract

Fungal patojenler, buğday üretiminde verim ve kaliteyi kısıtlayan en önemli faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Sürdürülebilir tarım ilkeleri doğrultusunda, kimyasal girdilerin azaltılması için yerel biyolojik mücadele ajanlarının belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Ankara (Haymana) lokasyonundaki buğday ekim nöbeti (buğday, arpa, aspir, nohut, mercimek ve fiğ) deneme alanlarından toplanan toprak örneklerindeki fungal flora karakterize edilmiş ve Clonostachys rosea izolatlarının biyokontrol potansiyeli in vitro koşullarda test edilmiştir. Toplam 25 toprak örneğinden 19 fungal izolat elde edilmiştir; ITS rDNA dizi analizi sonucunda izolatlar C. rosea (6), Fusarium equiseti (6), Fusarium oxysporum (4), Fusarium redolens (1), Alternaria alternata (1) ve Alternaria atra (1) olarak teşhis edilmiştir. Biyolojik mücadele çalışmaları kapsamında, üç farklı C. rosea izolatının önemli bir buğday patojeni olan Fusarium culmorum üzerindeki antagonistik aktivitesi ikili kültür testleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Deneme sonucunda tüm C. rosea izolatlarının patojenin misel gelişimini farklı oranlarda inhibe ettiği belirlenmiştir. En yüksek engelleme oranı %32,19 ile CR11 izolatında saptanırken, bunu %26,82 ile CR14 ve %15,94 ile CR15 izolatları izlemiştir. Bu bulgular, buğday ekosistemlerinde C. rosea gibi potansiyel olarak faydalı antagonistlere ev sahipliği yapabileceğini ve bunun da gelecekte biyolojik tabanlı entegre hastalık yönetimi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Entegre hastalık yönetimi
• ikili kültür
• Fusarium culmorum
• Internal Transcribed Spacer
• sürdürülebilir tarım

Supporting Institution

Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM)

Ethical Statement

Bu makale, araştırma etiği ile ilgili tüm geçerli standartlara uygundur ve mükerrer yayın, sahtekarlık, intihal ya da hayvanlar veya insanlar üzerinde yapılan deneylerle ilgili herhangi bir sorun içermemektedir.

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Tarım Araştırmaları ve Politikaları Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM) tarafından desteklenmiştir. Yazarlar, toprak örneklerinin toplanmasında sağladıkları değerli yardımlarından dolayı Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü’ne teşekkür ederler.

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