Molecular diversity of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species in pome and stone fruits in Turkey

Abstract

Apple, pear and apricot trees showing phytoplasma associated symptoms from Ankara and Isparta provinces were sampled and investigated to verify the presence of phytoplasma-associated diseases. Totally 31 samples were tested with phytoplasma universal and group specific primers and the PCR products were restricted using Tru1I, RsaI and SspI endonucleases. Different RFLP profiles were obtained and selected samples were directly sequenced. The apple samples were found infected with 16SrX-A (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’), while the majority of the pear samples were infected with 16SrX-A and 16SrX-C subgroup phytoplasmas in mixed infection. The 16SrX-B (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’), 16SrX-C (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’) and mixed infection of 16SrX-A/16SrX-C and 16SrX-C/16SrI (aster yellows) were detected in the apricot samples. In this study the 16SrI phytoplasmas in apricot and the mixed phytoplasma infections in pear and apricot trees were detected in Turkey for the first time.

Keywords

• Phytoplasma detection,Pome fruits,Apricot,Mixed phytoplasma infection,Aster yellows group

Türkiye’de yumuşak ve sert çekirdekli meyvelerde ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ türlerinin moleküler çeşitliliği

Öz

Ankara ve Isparta illerinden fitoplazma enfeksiyonu benzeri belirti gösteren elma, armut ve kayısı ağaçlarından fitoplazma varlığının saptanmasına yönelik örnekleme yapılmıştır. Toplamda 31 örnek universal ve grup spesifik fitoplazma primerleri ile PCR’a tabi tutulmuş ve elde edilen PCR ürünleri Tru1I, RsaI and SspI endonükleazları ile kesilmiştir. Elma örnekleri 16SrX-A (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’) ile enfekteli bulunurken armut örneklerinin çoğunluğunda 16SrX-A ve 16SrX-C alt gruplarıyla karışık enfeksiyon saptanmıştır. Kayısı örneklerinde 16SrX-B (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’), 16SrX-C (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’) ve 16SrX-A/16SrX-C ve 16SrX-C/16SrI (aster yellows) alt gruplarının karışık enfeksiyonu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile kayısıda 16SrI, armutta ve kayısıda karışık fitoplazma enfeksiyonları Türkiye’de ilk kez saptanmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fitoplazma tespiti,Yumuşak çekirdekliler,Kayısı,Karışık fitoplazma enfeksiyonu,Aster yellows grup

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