Overexpression of cytochrome P450 genes in Aphis gossypii (Glover) in the cotton fields of the Çukurova region, Turkey

Abstract

Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which is a polyphagous species, is among the main pests of the cotton plants in the whole world. The Çukurova region is an area where polyculture agriculture activities are carried out. While insecticides in the neonicotinoid group are prevalently used in the cotton fields in this region for controlling A. gossypii, the problem of resistance is frequently encountered. This study determined the relative expression levels of the CYP6CY22 and CYP6CY13 genes, cytochrome P450, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities in six different populations of A. gossypii collected in 2018 from cotton fields in the province of Adana in Southern Turkey. In comparison to the reference culture, there was an increase in gene regulation by 81.9 fold in the CYP6CY22 gene in the Hamitbey population and by 6 fold in the CYP6CY13 gene in the Gazipaşa population. Additionally, the Hamitbey population showed 4.3 times higher (0.74 U/ml) cytochrome P450 enzyme activity. The Çiftlikler population showed 5.9 fold higher AChE (0.82 U/ml) and 4.3 fold higher GST (2.68 U/ml) activities. The analyses revealed that the A. gossypii populations were exposed to high amounts of insecticides. Consequently, overexpressed genes, high levels of enzyme activities and metabolic resistance in based on cytochrome P450 activity were observed in the study.

Keywords

• Aphis gossypii,cotton,cytochrome P450,overexpression

Çukurova bölgesi pamuk alanlarında Aphis gossypii (Glover)’da aşırı düzeyde sitokrom P450 genleri ekspresyonu

Öz

Polifag bir tür olan Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) tüm dünyada pamuk bitkisinin ana zararlılarındandır. Çukurova bölgesi polikültür tarımın yapıldığı bir bölgedir. Bu bölgede pamuk ekim alanlarında A. gossypii mücadelesinde neonikotinoid grubu insektisitler yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmakta olup, direnç problemi ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Çalışmada 2018 yılı, Adana ili pamuk alanlarından toplanmış altı farklı A. gossypii popülasyonu sitokrom P450 (CYP)’ye ait CYP6CY22 ile CYP6CY13 genleri relatif ekspresyon düzeyleri, sitokrom P450, asetilkolin esteraz (AChE) ve glutathion S-transferaz (GST) enzim etkinlikleri belirlenmiştir. Hassasa oranla Hamitbey popülasyonunda CYP6CY22 geni 81.9 kat ve Gazipaşa popülasyonunda CYP6CY13 geni 6 kat daha fazla gen regülasyonu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Hamitbey popülasyonunda 4.3 (0.74 U/ml) kat daha fazla sitokrom P450 enzim aktivitesi saptanmıştır. Çiftlikler popülasyonunda 5.9 kat AChE (0.82 U/ml) ve 4.3 kat daha fazla GST (2.68 U/ml) aktivitesi gözlenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde A. gosyypii popülasyonlarının yoğun şekilde insektisitlere maruz kaldığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, aşırı gen ekspresyonu ve yüksek düzeydeki enzim etkinlikleri, sitokrom P450 aktivitesine dayanan metabolik direncin varlığını ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aphis gossypii,pamuk,sitokrom P450,aşırı ekspresyon

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