Türkiye çim alanlarındaki ak üçgüllerdeki (Trifolium repens L.) fungusların belirlenmesi ve patojenisite çalışmaları

Abstract

Ak üçgül (Trifolium repens) çok yıllık bir baklagil bitkisidir ve esas olarak bir yem bitkisidir. Aynı zamanda toprak yüzeyini çok iyi kaplayan, basmalara dayanıklı, kısa ve güzel görünümlü bir bitki olduğundan, çevrecilerin, park bahçe ve oyun alanları tasarımcılarının da en çok aradığı ve kullandığı bitkilerden biridir. Gölgeye toleransı nedeniyle, ağaçlarda ve meyve bahçelerinde veya çim alanlarının oluşturulmasında örtü bitkisi olarak kullanılmaktadır. 2015 yılında İstanbul, Antalya, Ankara, İzmir, Kayseri, Bursa, Aydın, Muğla illerinde bulunan parklar, bahçeler, golf sahaları, rekreasyon alanları, stadyumlar, piknik alanları ve refüjlerden oluşan çim alanlarına surveyler düzenlenmiştir. Survey alanları incelenerek, bodurlaşma, solgunluk, yaprak sararması, lekelenme, yanıklık, kök ve kökboğazı lezyonları gibi belirti gösteren toplam 60 adet ak üçgül (Trifolium repens L.) örneği toplanmıştır. Bu bitkilerden yapılan izolasyonlar ve DNA sekans analizleri sonucunda Rhizoctonia solani AG 1, Binükleat Rhizoctonia AG G, AG I, AG K, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, Myrothecium verrucaria, M. roridum, Curvularia spicifera, C. aeria, C. lunata, C. trifolii, Alternaria alternata, A. teniussima, A. rosae, A. infectoria, Colletotrichum destructivum, C. trifolii, C. truncatum, Phoma exigua, Epicoccum nigrum, Sordaria fimicola, S. macrospora, S. superba, Gnomoniopsis fructicola türlerine ait 222 adet fungus izolatı elde edilmiştir. İzole edilen tüm izolatların hastalık şiddeti değerleri sera koşullarında tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada en çok izole edilen yaprak patojeni A. alternata iken en çok izole edilen kök patojeni F. oxysporum olmuştur. En virülent yaprak patojeninin Curvularia spicifera ve en virülent kök patojeninin ise R. solani AG 1 olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Fungus,Trifolium repens L.,DNA sekans,patojenisite

Identification and pathogenicity studies of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) fungi on turfgrass areas in Turkey

Abstract

White clover (Trifolium repens L.), commonly accepted as a forage crop, is a perennial legume plant. Environmentalists, park and garden designers pay attention to white clover due to its characteristics such as covering the ground, resistance to stepping, nice view, and short growing. Additionally, because of its tolerance to the shade, it is used as a cover plant in orchards to establish turfgrass areas. In 2015, surveys were conducted to turfgrass areas where parks and gardens, golf courses, recreation areas, stadiums, picnic areas, and refuges in İstanbul, Antalya, Ankara, İzmir, Kayseri, Bursa, Aydın, and Muğla. By examining the survey areas, a total of 60 white clover (Trifolium repens L.) samples, showing any symptoms such as stunting, wilting, yellowing on leaves and spots, blight, dry and lesions on root and crown, were collected. Totally of 222 fungal isolates were obtained from infected plants, then pathogenicity assays were conducted. Rhizoctonia solani AG 1, Binucleate Rhizoctonia AG G, AG I, AG K, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, Myrothecium verrucaria, M. roridum, Curvularia spicifera, C. aeria, C. lunata, C. trifolii, Alternaria alternata, A. teniussima, A. rosae, A. infectoria, Colletotrichum destructivum, C. trifolii, C. truncatum, Phoma exigua, Epicoccum nigrum, Sordaria fimicola, S. macrospora, S. superba, Gnomoniopsis fructicola species were identified according to morphological characteristics and DNA sequences analysis. Although, A. alternata on leaves and F. oxysporum on roots were common pathogens on White clover in Turkey, the most virulent leaf pathogen was Curvularia spicifera and the most virulent root pathogen was R. solani AG 1 in this study.

Keywords

• Fungi,Trifolium repens L.,DNA sequence,pathogenicity

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