Kayısı bahçesindeki yabancı otların yoğunluğu ve çeşitliliği üzerine örtücü bitkilerin etkisi

Öz

Kayısı, Türkiye’nin ihracatında önemli rol oynayan meyvelerden olup, yabancı otlar ise kayısı bahçelerinde sorun yaratan temel faktörlerdendir. Bu çalışma, örtücü bitkilerin bu alanlarda sorun oluşturan yabancı otların kontrol altına alınmasını, ayrıca tür dağılımı, çeşitliliği ve baskınlığı üzerindeki etkilerini saptamak amacıyla 2014-2016 yılları arasında Malatya'da yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada tek yıllık kışlık örtücü bitkiler olarak: Vicia villosa Roth (tüylü fiğ), Vicia pannonica Crantz (Macar fiğ), V. pannonica + Triticale (V. pannonica %70 + Tritikale %30) karışımı ve Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham (arı otu) ve yazlık örtücü bitki olarak Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (karabuğday) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada yabancı ot çeşitliliği indeksi (H) ve Simpson'ın baskınlık indeksi (Sd) değerleri de hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, uygulamalar, kanonical discriminant analizine tabi tutulmuştur. İki yıllık dönemde yabancı ot çeşitliliği indeksinin (H) en yüksek değeri yabancı otlu kontrol parsellerinden elde edilmiştir. Çok yıllık yabancı otların (Convolvulus arvensis ve Sorghum halepense) örtücü bitkilerde baskın türler olduğu ve uygulamalar arasında da farklılıkların bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. F. esculentum dışındaki parsellerde tek yıllık yabancı otların genel olarak bastırıldığı ve çeşitliliğinin önemli ölçüde azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. kanonical discriminant analizinden elde edilen sonuçlar, 1. ve 2. yıllarda en çok yabancı ot türünün yabancı ot kontrol parsellerinde bulunduğunu ve kaplayıcı bitkilerinin yabancı otları bastırdığını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kayısı
• biyoçeşitlilik
• örtücü bitkiler
• tür dağılımı
• yabancı ot

The effect of cover crops on composition and diversity of weeds in an apricot orchard

Abstract

Apricot, Turkey's exports is the important role played by fruit, the weeds are the main factors that cause problems in the apricot orchards. This study was carried out in Malatya between 2014-2016 in order to determine the effects of cover crops on the control of weeds that cause problems in these areas and also on species distribution, diversity and dominance. As annual winter cover plants in the study: Vicia villosa Roth (hairy vetch), Vicia pannonica Crantz (Hungarian vetch), V. pannonica + Triticale (V.pannonica 70% + Triticale 30%) mixture and Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham (lacy phacelia) and Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (buckwheat) was used as a summer cover plant. Weed diversity index (H) and Simpson's dominance index (Sd) values were also calculated in the study. In addition, applications were subjected to canonical discriminant analysis. The highest value of the weed diversity index (H) in the two-year period was obtained from the weed control plots. It has been determined that perennial weeds (Convolvulus arvensis and Sorghum halepense) are the dominant species in cover plants and there are also differences between practices. It has been determined that annual weeds are generally suppressed and their diversity has decreased significantly in the plots except for F. esculentum. The results obtained from the canonical discriminant analysis showed that the highest numbers of weed species in the 1st and 2nd years were found in the weedy control plots and that the cover crops suppressed the weeds.

Keywords

• apricot
• biodiversity
• cover crop
• species distribution
• weed

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