Malatya ilinde asma gövde fungal hastalıklarının belirlenmesi

Öz

İklim ve toprak istekleri yönünden çok seçici olmayışı, değerlendirme şekilleri ve çeşit açısından zengin olması nedeniyle asma (Vitis vinifera L.) dünyada en yaygın ve en eski kültür bitkilerinden biridir. Bağcılık için dünyanın en elverişli üretim alanlarından biri olan ülkemiz zengin asma gen potansiyeline sahiptir. Bitkisel üretimde önemli bir yere sahip olan bağcılık, günümüzde üretimden pazarlamaya kadar geçen süreç içerisinde bir çok sorunla karşı karşıyadır. Bu sorunlar içerisinde üretimi sınırlandıran fungal hastalıklar önemli yer tutmaktadır. Çalışmada Malatya ili bağ alanlarında kurumalara sebep olan gövde fungal etmenlerinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Malatya ilinde bağcılığın yoğun olduğu Arapgir, Yeşilyurt, Battalgazi ve Darende ilçelerinde vejatasyon peryodu dikkate alınarak iki farklı dönemde örnekleme yapılmış ve hastalık belirtisi görülen bitkilerden numuneler alınmıştır. Hastalıklı bitki numunelerinden 290 adet fungal izolat elde edilmiştir. Fungal izolatların tanısı morfolojik özelliklerine ve moleküler yöntemlere göre yapılmıştır. Tanılama çalışmaları sonucunda Botryosphaeria spp., Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Cytospora viticola, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Dothiorella spp., Lasiodiplodia spp. hastalık etmenleri saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vitis vinifera
• fungal hastalıklar
• Botryosphaeriaceae
• Malatya

Determination of grapevine stem fungal diseases in Malatya province

Abstract

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most prevalent and long-standing cultivated crops in the world due to its non-selective climate and soil demands, types of usage and having a wide range of varieties. Turkey has a rich grapevine gene pool because of its favorable climate zone. Viticulture, which has an important role in agriculture, faces many problems in the process of production to marketing. Fungal diseases take an important place by limiting the production wherever grapevine is cultivated. It is aimed to determine the stem fungal diseases that cause drying in viticulture areas of Malatya province with this research. Arapgir, Yesilyurt, Battalgazi and Darende districts of Malatya province, where grapevine is intensely cultivated, were surveyed in two different vegetation periods, and samples were taken from symptomatic plants. Identification of these isolates were performed based on morphological and molecular examinations. As a result of this study, Botryosphaeria spp., Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Cytospora viticola, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Dothiorella spp., Lasiodiplodia spp. were identified as causal agents for the diseases observed in Malatya province.

Keywords

• Vitis vinifera
• fungal diseases
• Malatya
• Botryosphaeriaceae

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