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The discovery of pharate female of Eustigmaeus segnis (Koch) (Acari: Stigmaeidae) in its deutonymphal integument

Year 2018, Volume: 58 Issue: 1, 41 - 46, 31.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.335656

Abstract

During an
examination on the
mite specimens collected from Erzincan (Turkey) within the scope of a
faunistic study
, one female specimen emerging
from the deutonymph
of Eustigmaeus
segnis
(Koch, 1836), (Acari: Stigmaeidae) was observed. This specimen was found from
litter and soil under bushes
. Both the
old skin and the new skin on the pharate specimen were visible during the final
moult. The term pharate means a stage of an arthropod that is in the
process of moulting and has not yet shed its old cuticle.

It is
demonstrated that the characters in transition from the penultimate deutonymph
stage of the female to adult are mostly similar. Differently, it is observed
that dorsal and ventral setae on the new skin in the final stage were longer
and more robust than those of outer deutonymphal skin. In the previous stage
trochanter IV, genua II and IV are not bearing setae whereas these leg segments
are each bearing one seta. Normally coxisternal shields are divided in the
immature stages in this species, whereas fused in the adult. However, these
shields in both phases were examined as divided. From this, we conclude that
fusion in the coxisternal shields is made in time.





Morphology of
pharate female specimen of E. segnis
has been mentioned for the first time in the world in this study. With the
present work, we aimed to contribute to the knowledge on morphology of
developmental stages of mites.

References

  • Beard J. and Ochoa R. 2010. Ontogenetic modification in the Tuckerellidae (Acari: Tetranychoidea). International Journal of Acarology, 36, 169-173.
  • Bingül M., Doğan S. and Dilkaraoğlu S. 2017. Contributions to the knowledge of the mite genus Stigmaeus Koch, 1836 (Acari, Stigmaeidae) of Turkey. European Journal of Taxonomy, 307, 1-16.
  • Bolton S.J., Klompen H., Bauchan G.R. and Ochoa R. 2014. A new genus and species of Nematalycidae (Acari: Endeostigmata). Journal of Natural History, 48, 1359-1373.
  • Doğan S. 2005. Eustigmaeus mites from Turkey (Acari: Stigmaeidae). Journal of Natural History, 39, 835-861.
  • Doğan S. 2006. Contributions to the knowledge of the raphignathoid mites of Turkey (Acari, Raphignathoidea) with description of a new species. International Journal of Acarology, 32, 371-375.
  • Doğan S. and Ayyıldız N. 2003. Mites of the genus Raphignathus (Acari: Raphignathidae) from Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 30, 141-148.
  • Doğan S., Ayyıldız N. and Fan Q.-H. 2003. Descriptions of two new species and a newly recorded species of Eustigmaeus from Turkey (Acari: Stigmaeidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology, 8, 131-144.
  • Doğan S., Per S., Ayyıldız N. and Fan Q.-H. 2004. The morphology of developmental stages of Eustigmaeus erciyesiensis Doğan, Ayyıldız and Fan, 2003 (Acari: Stigmaeidae). Gazi University Journal of Science, 17, 21-27.
  • Dilkaraoğlu S. 2016. Harşit Vadisi ve Örümcek Ormanları’nın (Türkiye) Raphignathoidea (Acari) faunası. Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Elazığ, Doktora Tezi, 281 s.
  • Dilkaraoğlu S., Doğan S., Erman O., Sevsay S. ve Adil S. 2016. Harşit Vadisi ve Örümcek Ormanları’nın (Türkiye) stigmaeid akarları (Acari: Raphignathoidea: Stigmaeidae). EÜFBED-Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9, 10-72.
  • Fan Q.-H. and Zhang Z.-Q. 2005. Raphignathoidea (Acari: Prostigmata). Fauna of New Zealand, 52, Manaaki Whenua Press, New Zealand, 400 p.
  • Fan Q.-H., Flechtmann C.H.W. and De Moraes D.J. 2016. Annotated catalogue of Stigmaeidae (Acari: Prostigmata), with a pictorial key to genera. Zootaxa, 4176, 1-199.
  • Fuangarworn M. and Butcher B.A. 2015. Contribution to the family Pseudocheylidae (Acari, Trombidiformes) from Thailand: one new species and one new record of Anoplocheylus Berlese, with observations on their ontogeny. International Journal of Acarology, 41, 625-641.
  • Gerson U. 1972. A redescription of Ledermuelleria frigida Habeeb (Acarina: Prostigmata: Stigmaeidae). Acta Arachnologica, 24, 15-28.
  • Grandjean F. 1944. Observations sur les acariens de la famille des Stigmaeidae. Archives des Sciences physiques et naturelles, 26, 103-131.
  • Gullan P.J. and Cranston P.S. 2010. The insects: An outline of Entomology (çeviri ed. Gök A). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, 583 s.
  • Kaźmierski A. and Dończyk J. 2003. Two new free living mite species of Eustigmaeus (Actinedida: Raphignathoidea: Stigmaeidae) from Poland, with new data of some other rare species of the genus. Zootaxa, 198, 1-16.
  • Kethley J. 1990. Acarina: Prostigmata (Actinedida). (Soil Biology Guide, John Wiley and Sons, New York: Ed. Dindal DL) 667-756.
  • Lindquist E.E. 1986. A means of determining sex in larval Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) based on external structure. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2, 323-328.
  • Rack G. and Eickwort G.C. 1979. Biology and description of a new pygmephorid mite (Acarina: Tarsonemida) associated with the soil-nesting bее Аgapostemon nasutus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Acarologia, 21, 267-278.
  • Regev S. and Cone W.W. 1976. Analyses of pharate female twospotted spider mites for nerolidol and geraniol: Evaluation for sex attraction of males. Environmental Entomology, 5, 133-138.
  • Rockett C.L. and Woodring J.P. 1972. Comparative studies of acarine limb regeneration, apolysis, and ecdysis. Journal of Insect Physiology, 18, 2319-2336.
  • Shatrov A.B. 2000. Ultrastructural organization of hypodermis and formation of cuticle in pharate larva of Leptotrombidium orientale (Acariformes: Trombiculidae). Tsitologiia, 42, 219-27.
  • Summers F.M. 1957. American species of Ledermuelleria and Ledermuelleriopsis, with note on new synonymy in Neognathus (Acarina, Stigmaeidae, Caligonellidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 59, 49-60.
  • Summers F.M. and Price D.W. 1961. New and redescribed species of Ledermuelleria from North America (Acarina: Stigmaeidae). Hilgardia, 31, 369-387.

Eustigmaeus segnis (Koch) (Acari: Stigmaeidae)’in deutonimf deri altındaki farat dişisinin bulgusu

Year 2018, Volume: 58 Issue: 1, 41 - 46, 31.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.335656

Abstract

Faunistik bir çalışma kapsamında, Erzincan’dan (Türkiye) toplanan akarların incelenmesi
sırasında, Eustigmaeus segnis (Koch,
1836) (Acari: Stigmaeidae)’in deutonimf evresinden çıkmakta olan ergin bir dişi
bireye rastlanmıştır. Bu örnek, çalılık altındaki döküntü ve toprakta
bulunmuştur. Son deri değişimi esnasında yakalanan farat bireyde hem eski hem
de yeni integüment görülebilir durumda idi. Farat, deri değiştirme sürecinde
olan ve henüz eski derisini dökmeyen yani bir önceki instarın kütikulasının
içinde bulunma evresidir.

İnceleme esnasında, dişinin bir önceki yaşam evresinden
ergin evreye geçişi sırasında morfolojik karakterlerinin çok fazla değişmediği
ortaya konulmuştur. Farklı olarak, ergine ait yeni deri üzerindeki dorsal ve
ventral vücut kıllarının deutonimf evresine göre daha uzun ve güçlü olduğu
gözlenmiştir. Deutonimf evresine ait dıştaki vücut örtüsünde dördüncü bacağın
trochanteri ile üçüncü ve dördüncü bacağın genusunda kıl bulunmayıp; ergine ait
yeni deride bu bacak parçalarında birer kıl bulunmuştur. Normalde bu türün
ergin olmayan evrelerinde coxal-sternal plaklar bölünmüş, ergin evrede bütün
haldedir. Ancak bu plaklar her iki faza ait deride ayrık olarak gözlenmiştir.
Bundan dolayı, coxal-sternal plakların ergin evrede zamanla kaynaştığı sonucuna
varılmıştır.





E. segnis’in son deri değişimi esnasında
yakalanan dişi bireyin morfolojik özelliklerine ilk defa bu çalışmada yer
verilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile akarların gelişim evrelerinin morfolojisi
konusundaki bilgilerimize katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.

References

  • Beard J. and Ochoa R. 2010. Ontogenetic modification in the Tuckerellidae (Acari: Tetranychoidea). International Journal of Acarology, 36, 169-173.
  • Bingül M., Doğan S. and Dilkaraoğlu S. 2017. Contributions to the knowledge of the mite genus Stigmaeus Koch, 1836 (Acari, Stigmaeidae) of Turkey. European Journal of Taxonomy, 307, 1-16.
  • Bolton S.J., Klompen H., Bauchan G.R. and Ochoa R. 2014. A new genus and species of Nematalycidae (Acari: Endeostigmata). Journal of Natural History, 48, 1359-1373.
  • Doğan S. 2005. Eustigmaeus mites from Turkey (Acari: Stigmaeidae). Journal of Natural History, 39, 835-861.
  • Doğan S. 2006. Contributions to the knowledge of the raphignathoid mites of Turkey (Acari, Raphignathoidea) with description of a new species. International Journal of Acarology, 32, 371-375.
  • Doğan S. and Ayyıldız N. 2003. Mites of the genus Raphignathus (Acari: Raphignathidae) from Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 30, 141-148.
  • Doğan S., Ayyıldız N. and Fan Q.-H. 2003. Descriptions of two new species and a newly recorded species of Eustigmaeus from Turkey (Acari: Stigmaeidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology, 8, 131-144.
  • Doğan S., Per S., Ayyıldız N. and Fan Q.-H. 2004. The morphology of developmental stages of Eustigmaeus erciyesiensis Doğan, Ayyıldız and Fan, 2003 (Acari: Stigmaeidae). Gazi University Journal of Science, 17, 21-27.
  • Dilkaraoğlu S. 2016. Harşit Vadisi ve Örümcek Ormanları’nın (Türkiye) Raphignathoidea (Acari) faunası. Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Elazığ, Doktora Tezi, 281 s.
  • Dilkaraoğlu S., Doğan S., Erman O., Sevsay S. ve Adil S. 2016. Harşit Vadisi ve Örümcek Ormanları’nın (Türkiye) stigmaeid akarları (Acari: Raphignathoidea: Stigmaeidae). EÜFBED-Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9, 10-72.
  • Fan Q.-H. and Zhang Z.-Q. 2005. Raphignathoidea (Acari: Prostigmata). Fauna of New Zealand, 52, Manaaki Whenua Press, New Zealand, 400 p.
  • Fan Q.-H., Flechtmann C.H.W. and De Moraes D.J. 2016. Annotated catalogue of Stigmaeidae (Acari: Prostigmata), with a pictorial key to genera. Zootaxa, 4176, 1-199.
  • Fuangarworn M. and Butcher B.A. 2015. Contribution to the family Pseudocheylidae (Acari, Trombidiformes) from Thailand: one new species and one new record of Anoplocheylus Berlese, with observations on their ontogeny. International Journal of Acarology, 41, 625-641.
  • Gerson U. 1972. A redescription of Ledermuelleria frigida Habeeb (Acarina: Prostigmata: Stigmaeidae). Acta Arachnologica, 24, 15-28.
  • Grandjean F. 1944. Observations sur les acariens de la famille des Stigmaeidae. Archives des Sciences physiques et naturelles, 26, 103-131.
  • Gullan P.J. and Cranston P.S. 2010. The insects: An outline of Entomology (çeviri ed. Gök A). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, 583 s.
  • Kaźmierski A. and Dończyk J. 2003. Two new free living mite species of Eustigmaeus (Actinedida: Raphignathoidea: Stigmaeidae) from Poland, with new data of some other rare species of the genus. Zootaxa, 198, 1-16.
  • Kethley J. 1990. Acarina: Prostigmata (Actinedida). (Soil Biology Guide, John Wiley and Sons, New York: Ed. Dindal DL) 667-756.
  • Lindquist E.E. 1986. A means of determining sex in larval Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) based on external structure. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2, 323-328.
  • Rack G. and Eickwort G.C. 1979. Biology and description of a new pygmephorid mite (Acarina: Tarsonemida) associated with the soil-nesting bее Аgapostemon nasutus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Acarologia, 21, 267-278.
  • Regev S. and Cone W.W. 1976. Analyses of pharate female twospotted spider mites for nerolidol and geraniol: Evaluation for sex attraction of males. Environmental Entomology, 5, 133-138.
  • Rockett C.L. and Woodring J.P. 1972. Comparative studies of acarine limb regeneration, apolysis, and ecdysis. Journal of Insect Physiology, 18, 2319-2336.
  • Shatrov A.B. 2000. Ultrastructural organization of hypodermis and formation of cuticle in pharate larva of Leptotrombidium orientale (Acariformes: Trombiculidae). Tsitologiia, 42, 219-27.
  • Summers F.M. 1957. American species of Ledermuelleria and Ledermuelleriopsis, with note on new synonymy in Neognathus (Acarina, Stigmaeidae, Caligonellidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 59, 49-60.
  • Summers F.M. and Price D.W. 1961. New and redescribed species of Ledermuelleria from North America (Acarina: Stigmaeidae). Hilgardia, 31, 369-387.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Salih Doğan 0000-0001-5030-0544

Sibel Doğan

Meryem Bingül

Publication Date March 31, 2018
Submission Date August 22, 2017
Acceptance Date February 23, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 58 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Doğan, S., Doğan, S., & Bingül, M. (2018). Eustigmaeus segnis (Koch) (Acari: Stigmaeidae)’in deutonimf deri altındaki farat dişisinin bulgusu. Plant Protection Bulletin, 58(1), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.335656
AMA Doğan S, Doğan S, Bingül M. Eustigmaeus segnis (Koch) (Acari: Stigmaeidae)’in deutonimf deri altındaki farat dişisinin bulgusu. Plant Protection Bulletin. March 2018;58(1):41-46. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.335656
Chicago Doğan, Salih, Sibel Doğan, and Meryem Bingül. “Eustigmaeus Segnis (Koch) (Acari: Stigmaeidae)’in Deutonimf Deri altındaki Farat dişisinin Bulgusu”. Plant Protection Bulletin 58, no. 1 (March 2018): 41-46. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.335656.
EndNote Doğan S, Doğan S, Bingül M (March 1, 2018) Eustigmaeus segnis (Koch) (Acari: Stigmaeidae)’in deutonimf deri altındaki farat dişisinin bulgusu. Plant Protection Bulletin 58 1 41–46.
IEEE S. Doğan, S. Doğan, and M. Bingül, “Eustigmaeus segnis (Koch) (Acari: Stigmaeidae)’in deutonimf deri altındaki farat dişisinin bulgusu”, Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 41–46, 2018, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.335656.
ISNAD Doğan, Salih et al. “Eustigmaeus Segnis (Koch) (Acari: Stigmaeidae)’in Deutonimf Deri altındaki Farat dişisinin Bulgusu”. Plant Protection Bulletin 58/1 (March 2018), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.335656.
JAMA Doğan S, Doğan S, Bingül M. Eustigmaeus segnis (Koch) (Acari: Stigmaeidae)’in deutonimf deri altındaki farat dişisinin bulgusu. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2018;58:41–46.
MLA Doğan, Salih et al. “Eustigmaeus Segnis (Koch) (Acari: Stigmaeidae)’in Deutonimf Deri altındaki Farat dişisinin Bulgusu”. Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 58, no. 1, 2018, pp. 41-46, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.335656.
Vancouver Doğan S, Doğan S, Bingül M. Eustigmaeus segnis (Koch) (Acari: Stigmaeidae)’in deutonimf deri altındaki farat dişisinin bulgusu. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2018;58(1):41-6.

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