INVESTIGATIONS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE SPECIES OF RED SPIDER MITES HARMFUL ON VEGETABLES IN AEGEAN REGION, AND ON BIOLOGY, CONTROL MEASURES AND NATURAL ENEMlES OF THE TYVO - SPOTTED SPIDER MlTE Tetranychus urticae (Kooh.) WHlCH IS THE MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTED SPECIES AMONG THEM
Abstract
Mites has been an dmportant pest of vegetable in Aegean region since the use of DDT and other organic insecticides became widespread. In t-his research it was found that the Tetranychus urticae (Kooh.) *was the most widely distributed species on vegetables. However Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.) and Tetranychus atlanticus Mc. Gregor were also determined rarely. Therefore the studieş were carried put on two Spotted spider mite (T. urticae). Biological studies have been conducted in the test field of the institute and incubator. Control experiments were carried out on bea n during 1969-1973 vvith Folimat Em. 50 % (dek./150 cc), Anthio Em. 25 % (dek./200 cc), Acricide dust 4 % (dek./4 kg), Acrex E.C. 30 % (dek./150 cc), Plictran VY.P. 25 % (dek./120 gr), Neoron E.S. 50 % (dek/100 cc), Phosdrin Em. 24 % (dek/104 cc), Basudin Em. 20 % (dek/200 cc), Anilix W.P. 25 % (dek/100 gr), Morestan dust 2 % (dek/4 kg), Morocide W.P. 50 % (dek/100 gr), Omite W. P. 30 % (dek/1780 gr), DDVP Em. 50 % (dek/200 cc), Malathion Em. 25 % (dek/500 cc) and Moreston VY.P. 25 % (dek/50 gr) at the dosages mentioned above. Rogor Em. 40 % (dek/150 cc), Kelthane E. C. 18.5 % (dek/250 cc) and Hekthane Em. 20 % (dek/250 cc) were taken as standart ehemical in the tests. According to the results öbtained the adult females enter diapause in the late Octöber and pass the vvinter in soil, among the fallen leaves in groups, They become active in the late February weeds. They oviposit 3- 4 days later. The population of T. urticae increased and reaohed to the peak at the end of July and Aujgust under the influence of (high temperatures and long hours of day light. Investigations showed that it has 15 generations a year on bean in the field. The eggs of T, urticae hatched average within the 6 ± 0.04 and 3.1 + 0.06 days in an incubator at the temperature 22 ± 1°C and 65-70 % RH., 28 ± 1°C and 65-70 % RH. and the first larval stage lasted average 3.7 ± 0.1; 1.9 ± 0.02, protonymph stage average 2.4 ± 0.1; 1.6 ± 0.1 and Deutonymph stage average 3,0 ± 0-1; 1-7 ± 0.1 days respectively under same conditions. The adult females laid their eggs average within the 1.3 + 0.1 days and 1 day at the temperature of 22°C and 28°C respectively. The females which survived average 11.3 ± 1.1 and 6.4 ± 0.5 days at the temperature of 22°C and 28°C respectively laid average 58.8 ± 3.0 and 35.7 ± 6.1 eggs individually. Development periods, from egg to egg, were determined 16.5 + 0.2 and 8.4 ± 0.4 days as average under the same conditions. Experiments <şhowed that the best results were öbtained from Folimat Em., Acricide dust, Acrex E.C, Plictran VY.P., Neoron E.S. r Phosdrin Em., Kelthane E.C, Hekthane Em. and Rogor Em.; Omite W.P„ and DDVP Em. gave very good results when they were applied two times at six days interval. Anilbc VY.P., Basudin Em., Dorestan dust and Morocide VY.P. gave satisfactory control, Malathion Em., and Morestan VY.P. have been inefficient against T. urticae on been.
The natural enemies of T. urticea which observed in the Aegean region are Scoîothrips longicornis Priesner (Tysan., Thripidae), Orius spp. (Hem., Anthocoridae), Thea vigintiduopcntata L., Hyperaspis reppensis (Hbst.), Scymnus ruhromaculatus (Goeze), Scymnus spp. (CoL, Coccinellidae), Piocoris erythrocephala P.S. (Hem., Lygaeidae) and Deraecoris punctuîatus (Fn.) (Hem., Miıidae). Specific acaricides are suggested, to avoid killing their natural enemies.
Keywords
EGE BÖLGESİ SEBZELERİNDE ZARAR YAPAM KlRMlZl ÖRÜMCEK TÜRLERİMİN TESBİTİ, HAKİM TÜR OLAN TETRANYCHUS URTÎCAE (KOCH.)'NİN BİYOLOJİSİ, MÜCADELESİ VE DOĞAL DÜŞMANLARl ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR
Abstract
Ege bölgesinde sebze yetiştiriciliği önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Taze sebze ihracatının ve konserve fabrikalarının gün geçtikçe artmasına paralel olarak ekiliş sahaları genişlemekte yeni seralar tesis edilmekte ve sebze üretimi çoğalmaktadır. Son yıllarda sebze zararlılarına karşı geniş ölçüde organik insektisitlerin kullanılması doğadaki biyolojik dengenin bozulmasına neden olmuş ve Kırmızı örümcekler sebzelerin önemli bir zararlısı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ege bölgesi sebzelerinde zarar yapan kırmızı örümceklerin türleri ve dağılış alanlarını tesbit etmek gayesiyle 1967'de ele alınan ve iki yıl devam eden ön çalışmalar sonucunda, Manisa ve İzmir illeri sebzelerinde Tetranychııs urticae (Koch.), Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd. ve Tetranychus atlanticus Mc. Gregor türlerinin bulunduğu, hakim türün T. urticae olduğu ve patlıcanlarda % 12 nisbetirıde zarar yaptığı saptanmıştır. Diğer illere ait tür teşhisi çalışmaları yanında 1969, 1971 ve 1972 yıllarında bütün sebzelerde hakim tür olan T. urticae'mn fasulye bitkisi üzerinde biyolojisi ile zararlının kışlama durumu, populasyon değişimi, doğada vermiş olduğu döl sayısı, doğal düşmanları, Ja'boratuvarda 2 ayrı sıcaklık ve orantılı nemde gelişme dönemleri incelenmiştir.
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| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 3, 2008 |
| Submission Date | December 3, 2008 |
| Published in Issue | Year 1975 Volume: 15 Issue: 1 |