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Bazı Bitki Ekstraklarının In Vitro Koşullarda Botrytis cinerea Pers.’ya Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 58 Issue: 4, 255 - 266, 29.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.455269

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, meyve ve sebzelerde hastalığa neden olan Botrytis cinerea’ ya karşı on bir
bitkiden elde edilen ekstraktların etkinliğinin laboratuvar koşullarında
araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmalarda Sarımsak (Allium sativum L.), Lahana (Brassica
oleracea
var. capitata f. alba), Kırmızı Lahana (Brassica oleracea var. capitata
f. rubra), Rezene (Foeniculum vulgare), Kişniş (Coriandrum sativum L.), Zencefil (Zingiber officinale), Sumak (Rhus coriaria L.), Kırmızı Pancar (Beta vulgaris), Zeytin (Olea europaea L.), Ceviz (Juglans regia L.) ve Yapışkan otu (Galium aparine L.) bitkilerinden elde edilen ekstraktlar kullanılmıştır. Bu
bitkilerden etil alkol ile maserasyon yöntemiyle elde edilen ekstraktların
petride B. cinerea’ nın koloni
gelişmesine karşı etkilerine bakılarak; ümitvar bulunan ekstraktların daha sonra
alt doz denemeleri (1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 oranlarında) yapılmıştır. Petri
denemelerinde engelleyici etkisi tespit edilen ekstraktların fungusun spor
çimlenmesi ve çim tüpü oluşumuna karşı etkileri de araştırılmıştır.



Çalışma sonucunda zencefil, ceviz, kırmızı lahana ve sumak
ekstraklarının fungusun koloni gelişimini sırasıyla % 69,52, %28.52, %20.96 ve
%15.17 oranında engelleyerek antifungal aktiviteye sahip oldukları tespit
edilmiştir. En yüksek etkiye sahip olan zencefil ekstraktının alt doz çalışmalarında
da 1/4 dozuna kadar etkinliğin devam ettiği gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, zencefil
ekstraktının spor çimlenmesini %75.45 ve çim tüpü oluşumunu %84.91 oranında
engellemesinin yanı sıra etmenin sporlarında çim tüplerinde kısalma ve
deformasyona neden olarak patojene
karşı en iyi etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • AlKhail A.A.A., 2005. Antifungal activity of some extracts againts some plant pathogenic fungi. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8 (3), 413-417. Al-Rahmah A.N., Mostafa A.A., Abdel-Megeed A., Yakout S.M. and Hussein S. A., 2013. Fungicidal activities of certain methanolic plant extracts against tomato phytopathogenic fungi. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7 (6), 517-524. Anonim, 2008. Zirai Mücadele Teknik Talimatları, Cilt: 3, Sayfa 77-79. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü. Anonymous, 2011. Marrone Organic Innovations, Natural product innovation for pest management. www.boyutft.com/img/Regalia.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 15.12.2011). Anonymous, 2017. Abbott's formula. http://www.ehabsoft.com/ldpline/onlinecontrol.htm#Abbott (Erişim tarihi: 09.12.2017). Anonymous, 2018a. Gray-Mold Rot or Botrytis Blight of Vegetables. Reports on Plant Diseases. http://ipm.illinois.edu/diseases/series900/rpd942/ (Erişim tarihi: 14.12.2017). Anonymous, 2018b. Botrytis gray mold of tomato. Vegetable Pathology Factsheets. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/botrytis-gray-mold-of-tomato (Erişim tarihi: 20.04.2018). Anonymous, 2018c. What are Biopesticides? EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/what-are-biopesticides#advantages (Erişim tarihi: 05.08.2018). Bollen G. J. and Scholten G., 1971. Acquired resistance to benomyl and some other systemic fungicides in a strain of Botrytis cinerea in cyclamen. Neth. J. Pl. Path., 77, 83-90. Boyraz N. ve Koçak R., 2006. Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının in vitro antifungal etkileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (38), 82-87. Burçak A.A. ve Delen N., 2001. Üzümlerden izole edilen kurşuni küf (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) izolatlarına bazı fungisitlerin etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 41 (3-4), 183-194. Daniel C.K., Lennox C.L., Vries F.A., 2015. In vivo application of garlic extracts in combination with clove oil to prevent postharvest decay caused by Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Neofabraea alba on apples. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 99, 88-92. Dawar S., Abbas S., Tariq M. and Zaki M. J., 2008. In vitro fungicidal activity of spices against root infecting fungi. Pak. J. Bot., 40 (1), 433-438. Demirci F. and Dolar F.S., 2006. Effects of some plant materials on phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici Leon) of pepper. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 30, 247-252. Dolar F.S. and Gürcan A., 1992. Pathogenic variability and race apperance of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. in Türkiye. J.Turkish Phytopathology, 21 (2-3), 61-65. Dwivedi S. K., and Dwivedi N., 2012. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against guava wilt pathogen. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3 (1), 412-420. Elmer P. A. G. and Reglinski T., 2006. Biosuppression of Botrytis cinerea in grapes. Plant Pathology, 55, 155-177. Elsherbiny E., 2010. Plant extracts for biological control of some plant pathogenic fungi. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing AG & Co, KG, Egypt, 112 p. Fawzi E.M., Khalil A.A. and Afifi A.F., 2009. Antifungal effect of some plant extracts on Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (11), 2590-2597. Gurjar M.S., Ali S., Akhtar M. and Singh K. S., 2012. Efficacy of plant extracts in plant disease management. Agricultural Sciences, 3 (3), 425-433. Harp F., 2011. Gemlik, Domat, Adana Topağı ve Adana yerli zeytin yapraklarının antioksidan etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 55 s, Adana. Lemos Junior W.J.F., Bovo B., Nadai C., Crosato G., Carlot M., Favaron F., Giacomini A. and Corich V., 2016. Biocontrol ability and action mechanism of Starmerella bacillaris (Synonym Candida zemplinina) isolated from wine musts against gray mold disease agent Botrytis cinerea on grape and their effects on alcoholic fermentation. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1-12. Leroux P., Gredt M., Leroch M. and Walker A-S., 2010. Exploring mechanisms of resistance to respiratory inhibitors in field strains of Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, (76) 19, 6615–6630. Lu J.Y., Stevens C., Khan V.A., Kabwe M. and Wilson C.L., 1991. The effect of Ultraviolet irradiation on shelf-life and ripening of peaches and apples. Journal of Food Quality, 14, 299-305. Özer M.H. ve Akbudak B., 2003. Doğal ve yapay gri küf (Botrytis cinerea Pers:Fr.) bulaşık olan üzümlerin muhafazası üzerine Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) ışık uygulamalarının etkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17 (2), 23-32. Özgen B., 2006. Bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal mutajenlerin Botrytis cinerea (Pers.)’nın biyolojisine ve domatesteki patojenitesine etkilerinin araştırılması. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 65 s, Çanakkale. Pliszka B., Huszcza‐Ciołkowska G., Mieleszko E. and Czaplicki S., 2009. Stability and antioxidative properties of acylated anthocyanins in three cultivars of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. rubra). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89 (7), 1154 -1158. Prasad S. and Tyagi A. K., 2015. Ginger and its constituents: role in prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology research and practice, 2015, 1-11. Qin F-f. and Xu H-l., 2008. Active compunds in gingers and their therapeutic use in complimentary medication. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, Global Science Books, 2 (2), 72-78. Radcliffe E.B., Hutchison W.D., Cancelado R.E., 2009. Integrated pest management; concepts, tactics, strategies and case studies. Barriers to adoption of biological control agents and biological pesticides. Marrone P.G., Chapter 13. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 163-178 p. Rahmani A.H., Shabrmi F.M., Aly S.M., 2014. Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of biological activities. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 6 (2), 125-136. Rashid T.S., Sijam K., Kadir J. and Saud M., 2015. Rhus coriaria extracts for controlling the post-harvest anthracnose of tomato fruit. 2nd International Conference On Crop Improvement, December 2015. Saha D., Dasgupta S. and Saha A., 2005. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against fungal pathogens of tea (Camellia sinensis). Pharmaceutical biology, 43 (1), 87-91. Satish S., Raveesha K.A. and Janardhana G.R., 1999. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts on phytopathogenic Xanthomonas campestris pathovars. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 28, 145-147. Shirin A. P. R. and Prakash J., 2010. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of ginger root (Zingiber officinale). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4 (24), 2674-2679. Singh H., Fairs G. and Syarhabil M., 2011. Anti-fungal activity of Capsicum frutescence and Zingiber officinale against key post-harvest pathogens in citrus. International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Technology, IPCBEE, 11, 1-6. Slusarenko A.J., Patel A., Portz D., 2008. Control of plant diseases by natural products: Allicin from garlic as a case study. Eur J Plant Pathol, 121, 313-332. Song X.-S., Song F.-J. and Yu G.-J., 2004. Effect of the garlic on tomato diseases. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 4. Staples R.C., Mayer A.M.,1995. Putative virulence factors of Botrytis cinerea acting as a wound pathogen. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 134, 1-7. Şesan T.E., Enache E., Iacomi B.M., Oprea M., Oancea F. and Iacomi C., 2015. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against Botrytis cinerea Pers. in the blackcurrant crop (Ribes nigrum L.). Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 14 (1), 29-43. Tadese M., 2003. Characterisation and mode of action of natural plant products against leaf fungal pathogens. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do;jsessionid=1E5C43079AFF99D4783215B5C42ED393?request_locale=es&recordID=ET2003000240&sourceQuery=&query=&sortField=&sortOrder=&agrovocString=&advQuery=&centerString=&enableField= (Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2018). Tariq V.N. and Magee A.C., 1990. Effect of volatiles from garlic bulb extract on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Mycological Research, 94 (5), 617-620. Wianowska D., Garbaczewska S., Cieniecka-Roslonkiewicz A., Dawidowicz A.L., Jankowska A., 2016. Comparison of antifungal activity of extracts from different Juglans regia cultivars and juglone. Microbial Pathogenesis, 100, 263-267. Wiczkowski W., Szawara-Nowak D., Topolska J., 2013. Red cabbage anthocyanins: profile, isolation, identification, and antioxidant activity. Food Research International, 51, 303-309. Wilkinson S.W., Pastor V., Paplauskas S., Pétriacq P. and Luna E., 2018. Long-lasting β-aminobutyric acid-induced resistance protects tomato fruit against Botrytis cinerea. Plant Pathology, 67, 30–41. Wilson C.L., Solar J.M., El Ghaouth A. and Wisniewski M.E., 1997. Rapid evaluation of plant extracts and essential oils for antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Plant Disease, 81 (2), 204-210. Yılmaz A., Ermis E. and Boyraz N., 2016. Investigation of in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of different plant essential oils against postharvest apple rot diseases Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. Journal of Food Safety and Food Quality, 67 (5). Yiğitbaş H., 2004. Domateste Phytophthora infestans ve Sclerotinia sclerotiorum’ a karşı uçucu yağ ve bitki ekstraktlarının antifungal etkileri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 45 s, Hatay.
Year 2018, Volume: 58 Issue: 4, 255 - 266, 29.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.455269

Abstract

References

  • AlKhail A.A.A., 2005. Antifungal activity of some extracts againts some plant pathogenic fungi. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8 (3), 413-417. Al-Rahmah A.N., Mostafa A.A., Abdel-Megeed A., Yakout S.M. and Hussein S. A., 2013. Fungicidal activities of certain methanolic plant extracts against tomato phytopathogenic fungi. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7 (6), 517-524. Anonim, 2008. Zirai Mücadele Teknik Talimatları, Cilt: 3, Sayfa 77-79. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü. Anonymous, 2011. Marrone Organic Innovations, Natural product innovation for pest management. www.boyutft.com/img/Regalia.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 15.12.2011). Anonymous, 2017. Abbott's formula. http://www.ehabsoft.com/ldpline/onlinecontrol.htm#Abbott (Erişim tarihi: 09.12.2017). Anonymous, 2018a. Gray-Mold Rot or Botrytis Blight of Vegetables. Reports on Plant Diseases. http://ipm.illinois.edu/diseases/series900/rpd942/ (Erişim tarihi: 14.12.2017). Anonymous, 2018b. Botrytis gray mold of tomato. Vegetable Pathology Factsheets. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/botrytis-gray-mold-of-tomato (Erişim tarihi: 20.04.2018). Anonymous, 2018c. What are Biopesticides? EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/what-are-biopesticides#advantages (Erişim tarihi: 05.08.2018). Bollen G. J. and Scholten G., 1971. Acquired resistance to benomyl and some other systemic fungicides in a strain of Botrytis cinerea in cyclamen. Neth. J. Pl. Path., 77, 83-90. Boyraz N. ve Koçak R., 2006. Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının in vitro antifungal etkileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (38), 82-87. Burçak A.A. ve Delen N., 2001. Üzümlerden izole edilen kurşuni küf (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) izolatlarına bazı fungisitlerin etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 41 (3-4), 183-194. Daniel C.K., Lennox C.L., Vries F.A., 2015. In vivo application of garlic extracts in combination with clove oil to prevent postharvest decay caused by Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Neofabraea alba on apples. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 99, 88-92. Dawar S., Abbas S., Tariq M. and Zaki M. J., 2008. In vitro fungicidal activity of spices against root infecting fungi. Pak. J. Bot., 40 (1), 433-438. Demirci F. and Dolar F.S., 2006. Effects of some plant materials on phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici Leon) of pepper. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 30, 247-252. Dolar F.S. and Gürcan A., 1992. Pathogenic variability and race apperance of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. in Türkiye. J.Turkish Phytopathology, 21 (2-3), 61-65. Dwivedi S. K., and Dwivedi N., 2012. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against guava wilt pathogen. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3 (1), 412-420. Elmer P. A. G. and Reglinski T., 2006. Biosuppression of Botrytis cinerea in grapes. Plant Pathology, 55, 155-177. Elsherbiny E., 2010. Plant extracts for biological control of some plant pathogenic fungi. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing AG & Co, KG, Egypt, 112 p. Fawzi E.M., Khalil A.A. and Afifi A.F., 2009. Antifungal effect of some plant extracts on Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (11), 2590-2597. Gurjar M.S., Ali S., Akhtar M. and Singh K. S., 2012. Efficacy of plant extracts in plant disease management. Agricultural Sciences, 3 (3), 425-433. Harp F., 2011. Gemlik, Domat, Adana Topağı ve Adana yerli zeytin yapraklarının antioksidan etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 55 s, Adana. Lemos Junior W.J.F., Bovo B., Nadai C., Crosato G., Carlot M., Favaron F., Giacomini A. and Corich V., 2016. Biocontrol ability and action mechanism of Starmerella bacillaris (Synonym Candida zemplinina) isolated from wine musts against gray mold disease agent Botrytis cinerea on grape and their effects on alcoholic fermentation. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1-12. Leroux P., Gredt M., Leroch M. and Walker A-S., 2010. Exploring mechanisms of resistance to respiratory inhibitors in field strains of Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, (76) 19, 6615–6630. Lu J.Y., Stevens C., Khan V.A., Kabwe M. and Wilson C.L., 1991. The effect of Ultraviolet irradiation on shelf-life and ripening of peaches and apples. Journal of Food Quality, 14, 299-305. Özer M.H. ve Akbudak B., 2003. Doğal ve yapay gri küf (Botrytis cinerea Pers:Fr.) bulaşık olan üzümlerin muhafazası üzerine Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) ışık uygulamalarının etkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17 (2), 23-32. Özgen B., 2006. Bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal mutajenlerin Botrytis cinerea (Pers.)’nın biyolojisine ve domatesteki patojenitesine etkilerinin araştırılması. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 65 s, Çanakkale. Pliszka B., Huszcza‐Ciołkowska G., Mieleszko E. and Czaplicki S., 2009. Stability and antioxidative properties of acylated anthocyanins in three cultivars of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. rubra). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89 (7), 1154 -1158. Prasad S. and Tyagi A. K., 2015. Ginger and its constituents: role in prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology research and practice, 2015, 1-11. Qin F-f. and Xu H-l., 2008. Active compunds in gingers and their therapeutic use in complimentary medication. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, Global Science Books, 2 (2), 72-78. Radcliffe E.B., Hutchison W.D., Cancelado R.E., 2009. Integrated pest management; concepts, tactics, strategies and case studies. Barriers to adoption of biological control agents and biological pesticides. Marrone P.G., Chapter 13. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 163-178 p. Rahmani A.H., Shabrmi F.M., Aly S.M., 2014. Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of biological activities. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 6 (2), 125-136. Rashid T.S., Sijam K., Kadir J. and Saud M., 2015. Rhus coriaria extracts for controlling the post-harvest anthracnose of tomato fruit. 2nd International Conference On Crop Improvement, December 2015. Saha D., Dasgupta S. and Saha A., 2005. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against fungal pathogens of tea (Camellia sinensis). Pharmaceutical biology, 43 (1), 87-91. Satish S., Raveesha K.A. and Janardhana G.R., 1999. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts on phytopathogenic Xanthomonas campestris pathovars. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 28, 145-147. Shirin A. P. R. and Prakash J., 2010. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of ginger root (Zingiber officinale). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4 (24), 2674-2679. Singh H., Fairs G. and Syarhabil M., 2011. Anti-fungal activity of Capsicum frutescence and Zingiber officinale against key post-harvest pathogens in citrus. International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Technology, IPCBEE, 11, 1-6. Slusarenko A.J., Patel A., Portz D., 2008. Control of plant diseases by natural products: Allicin from garlic as a case study. Eur J Plant Pathol, 121, 313-332. Song X.-S., Song F.-J. and Yu G.-J., 2004. Effect of the garlic on tomato diseases. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 4. Staples R.C., Mayer A.M.,1995. Putative virulence factors of Botrytis cinerea acting as a wound pathogen. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 134, 1-7. Şesan T.E., Enache E., Iacomi B.M., Oprea M., Oancea F. and Iacomi C., 2015. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against Botrytis cinerea Pers. in the blackcurrant crop (Ribes nigrum L.). Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 14 (1), 29-43. Tadese M., 2003. Characterisation and mode of action of natural plant products against leaf fungal pathogens. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do;jsessionid=1E5C43079AFF99D4783215B5C42ED393?request_locale=es&recordID=ET2003000240&sourceQuery=&query=&sortField=&sortOrder=&agrovocString=&advQuery=&centerString=&enableField= (Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2018). Tariq V.N. and Magee A.C., 1990. Effect of volatiles from garlic bulb extract on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Mycological Research, 94 (5), 617-620. Wianowska D., Garbaczewska S., Cieniecka-Roslonkiewicz A., Dawidowicz A.L., Jankowska A., 2016. Comparison of antifungal activity of extracts from different Juglans regia cultivars and juglone. Microbial Pathogenesis, 100, 263-267. Wiczkowski W., Szawara-Nowak D., Topolska J., 2013. Red cabbage anthocyanins: profile, isolation, identification, and antioxidant activity. Food Research International, 51, 303-309. Wilkinson S.W., Pastor V., Paplauskas S., Pétriacq P. and Luna E., 2018. Long-lasting β-aminobutyric acid-induced resistance protects tomato fruit against Botrytis cinerea. Plant Pathology, 67, 30–41. Wilson C.L., Solar J.M., El Ghaouth A. and Wisniewski M.E., 1997. Rapid evaluation of plant extracts and essential oils for antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Plant Disease, 81 (2), 204-210. Yılmaz A., Ermis E. and Boyraz N., 2016. Investigation of in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of different plant essential oils against postharvest apple rot diseases Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. Journal of Food Safety and Food Quality, 67 (5). Yiğitbaş H., 2004. Domateste Phytophthora infestans ve Sclerotinia sclerotiorum’ a karşı uçucu yağ ve bitki ekstraktlarının antifungal etkileri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 45 s, Hatay.
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Gamze Esin Kılınç

F. Sara Dolar

Publication Date December 29, 2018
Submission Date August 27, 2018
Acceptance Date November 22, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 58 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Kılınç, G. E., & Dolar, F. S. (2018). Bazı Bitki Ekstraklarının In Vitro Koşullarda Botrytis cinerea Pers.’ya Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi. Plant Protection Bulletin, 58(4), 255-266. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.455269
AMA Kılınç GE, Dolar FS. Bazı Bitki Ekstraklarının In Vitro Koşullarda Botrytis cinerea Pers.’ya Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi. Plant Protection Bulletin. December 2018;58(4):255-266. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.455269
Chicago Kılınç, Gamze Esin, and F. Sara Dolar. “Bazı Bitki Ekstraklarının In Vitro Koşullarda Botrytis Cinerea Pers.’ya Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi”. Plant Protection Bulletin 58, no. 4 (December 2018): 255-66. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.455269.
EndNote Kılınç GE, Dolar FS (December 1, 2018) Bazı Bitki Ekstraklarının In Vitro Koşullarda Botrytis cinerea Pers.’ya Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi. Plant Protection Bulletin 58 4 255–266.
IEEE G. E. Kılınç and F. S. Dolar, “Bazı Bitki Ekstraklarının In Vitro Koşullarda Botrytis cinerea Pers.’ya Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi”, Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 255–266, 2018, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.455269.
ISNAD Kılınç, Gamze Esin - Dolar, F. Sara. “Bazı Bitki Ekstraklarının In Vitro Koşullarda Botrytis Cinerea Pers.’ya Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi”. Plant Protection Bulletin 58/4 (December 2018), 255-266. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.455269.
JAMA Kılınç GE, Dolar FS. Bazı Bitki Ekstraklarının In Vitro Koşullarda Botrytis cinerea Pers.’ya Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2018;58:255–266.
MLA Kılınç, Gamze Esin and F. Sara Dolar. “Bazı Bitki Ekstraklarının In Vitro Koşullarda Botrytis Cinerea Pers.’ya Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi”. Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 58, no. 4, 2018, pp. 255-66, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.455269.
Vancouver Kılınç GE, Dolar FS. Bazı Bitki Ekstraklarının In Vitro Koşullarda Botrytis cinerea Pers.’ya Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2018;58(4):255-66.

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