Molecular diversity of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species in pome and stone fruits in Turkey

Year 2019, Volume: 59 Issue: 1, 7 - 14, 29.03.2019

Didem Canik Orel Samanta Paltrınıerı Filiz Ertunç Assunta Bertaccını

https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.508890

Cited By: 6

Abstract

Apple, pear and apricot trees showing phytoplasma
associated symptoms from Ankara and Isparta provinces were sampled and
investigated to verify the presence of phytoplasma-associated diseases. Totally
31 samples were tested with phytoplasma universal and group specific primers
and the PCR products were restricted using Tru1I,
RsaI and SspI endonucleases. Different RFLP profiles were obtained and
selected samples were directly sequenced. The apple samples were found infected
with 16SrX-A (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma
mali’), while the majority of the pear samples were infected with 16SrX-A and
16SrX-C subgroup phytoplasmas in mixed infection. The 16SrX-B (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’),
16SrX-C (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma
pyri’) and mixed infection of 16SrX-A/16SrX-C and 16SrX-C/16SrI (aster yellows)
were detected in the apricot samples. In this study the 16SrI phytoplasmas in
apricot and the mixed phytoplasma infections in pear and apricot trees were detected
in Turkey for the first time.

Keywords

Phytoplasma detection, Pome fruits, Apricot, Mixed phytoplasma infection, Aster yellows group

Türkiye’de yumuşak ve sert çekirdekli meyvelerde ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ türlerinin moleküler çeşitliliği

Abstract

Ankara ve Isparta illerinden fitoplazma enfeksiyonu
benzeri belirti gösteren elma, armut ve kayısı ağaçlarından fitoplazma varlığının
saptanmasına yönelik örnekleme yapılmıştır. Toplamda 31 örnek universal ve grup
spesifik fitoplazma primerleri ile PCR’a tabi tutulmuş ve elde edilen PCR
ürünleri Tru1I, RsaI and SspI
endonükleazları ile kesilmiştir. Elma örnekleri 16SrX-A (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’) ile enfekteli bulunurken armut
örneklerinin çoğunluğunda 16SrX-A ve 16SrX-C alt gruplarıyla karışık enfeksiyon
saptanmıştır. Kayısı örneklerinde 16SrX-B (‘Candidatus
Phytoplasma prunorum’), 16SrX-C (‘Candidatus
Phytoplasma pyri’) ve 16SrX-A/16SrX-C ve 16SrX-C/16SrI (aster yellows) alt gruplarının
karışık enfeksiyonu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile kayısıda 16SrI, armutta ve
kayısıda karışık fitoplazma enfeksiyonları Türkiye’de ilk kez saptanmıştır. 

Keywords

Fitoplazma tespiti, Yumuşak çekirdekliler, Kayısı, Karışık fitoplazma enfeksiyonu, Aster yellows grup

References

• Anonymous 2018. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/GKGM/Belgeler/Bitki%20Sağlığı%20Hizmetleri/bitki_bitkisel_urun/tasra/BKY_EK-1-2.pdf (Accessed date: 08.12.2018).
• Bertaccini A. 2015. http://www.ipwgnet.org/collection (Accessed date: August 27, 2018).
• Bertaccini A, Lee I-M 2018. Phytoplasmas: an update. In: Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria-I. Characterization and Epidemiology of Phytoplasma-Associated Diseases. Ed. G.P. Rao, A. Bertaccini, N. Fiore, L. Liefting. Pag. 1-29, Springer, Singapore.
• Blomquist C and Kirkpatrick BC 2002. Identification of phytoplasma taxa and insect vectors of peach yellow leaf roll disease in California. Plant Disease 86(7): 759-763.
• Çağlayan K, Ulubaş Serçe Ç and Gazel M 2008. A preliminary account of the presence of pear decline disease (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’) in Marmara region of Turkey. XX International Symposium on Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops, Antalya, Turkey, May 22-26: Acta Horticulture, 781449-452.
• Çağlayan K, Gazel M, Küçükgöl C, Paltrinieri S, Contaldo N and Bertaccini A 2013. First report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ (group 16SrI-B) infecting sweet cherries in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology 95(4, Supplement): S4.69.
• Canik D and Ertunç F 2007. Distribution and molecular characterization of apple proliferation phytoplasma in Turkey. Bulletin of Insectology 60(2): 335-336.
• Del Serrone P, La Starza S, Krystai L, Kolber M and Barba M 1998. Occurrence of apple proliferation and pear decline phytoplasmas in diseased pear trees in Hungary. Journal of Plant Pathology 80(1): 53-58.
• Deng SJ and Hiruki C 1991. Amplification of 16S ribosomal-RNA genes from culturable and nonculturable mollicutes. Journal of Microbiological Methods 14: 53–61.
• Felsenstein J 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783-791.
• Fernandez FD, Marini D, Farrando R and Conci LR 2017. First report of a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ strain in Argentina. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 12: 8.
• Garcia-Chapa M, Medina V, Viruel M, Laviña A and Batlle A 2003. Seasonal detection of pear decline phytoplasma by nested-PCR in different pear cultivars. Plant Pathology 52: 513-520.
• Gazel M, Çağlayan K, Ulubaş Serçe C and Son L 2009. Evaluations of apricot trees infected by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ for horticultural characteristics. Romanian Biotechnological Letters 14: 4123-4129.
• Gazel M, Çağlayan K,. Pinar HB, Mejia JF, Paltrinieri S, Bertaccini A and Contaldo N 2016. Detection and identification of phytoplasmas in pomegranate trees with yellows symptoms. Journal of Phytopathology 164(2): 136-140.
• Gundersen DE and Lee I-M 1996. Ultrasensitive detection of phytoplasmas by nested-PCR assay using two universal primer pairs. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 35: 144-151.
• Lavina A, Sabaté J and Batlle A 2015. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ in peach orchards in Spain. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 5(1-Supplement): 75-76.
• Lee I-M, Gundersen-Rindal DE, Hammond RD and Davis RE 1994. Use of mycoplasma-like organism (MLOs) group specific oligonucleotide primers for nested-PCR assays to detect mixed-MLO infections in a single host plant. Phytopathology 84: 559-566.
• Lee I-M, Gundersen-Rindal DE, Davis RE and Bartoszyk IM 1998. Revised classification scheme of phytoplasmas based on RFLP analyses of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene sequences. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 48(4): 1153-1169.
• Lorenz KH, Schneider B, Ahrens U and Seemüller E 1995. Detection of the apple proliferation and pear decline phytoplasmas by PCR amplification of ribosomal and nonribosomal DNA. Phytopathology 85(7): 771–776.
• Mehle N, Brzin J, Boben J, Hren M, Frank J, Petrovič N, Gruden K, Dreo T, Žežlina I, Seljak G and Ravnikar M 2007. First report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ in Prunus avium, P. armeniaca and P. domestica. Plant Pathology 56(4): 721.
• Prince J.P., Davis R.E., Wolf T.K., Lee I-M., Mogen B.D., Dally E.L., Bertaccini A., Credi R., Barba M. 1993. Molecular detection of diverse mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows and their classification with aster yellows, X-disease and elm yellows MLOs. Phytopathology 83: 1130-1137.
• Sabaté J., Laviña A., Batlle A., 2014. First report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ causing peach yellow leaf roll (PYLR) in Spain. Plant Disease 98: 989.
• Sabaté J., Rodón J., Artigues M., Laviña A., Batlle A., 2018. Transmission of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ by naturally infected Cacopsylla pyri to peach, an approach to the epidemiology of peach yellow leaf roll (PYLR) in Spain. Plant Pathology 67(4): 978-986.
• Saitou N., Nei M., 1987. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4: 406-425.
• Schneider B., Seemüller E., Smart C.D., Kirkpatrick B.C., 1995. Phylogenetic classification of plant pathogenic mycoplasma-like organisms or phytoplasmas. pp 369-380. In: S Razin S and JG Tully JG (ed), Molecular and diagnostic procedures in mycoplasmology, vol 1. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
• Seemüller E., Schneider B., 2004. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’, the causal agents of apple proliferation, pear decline and European stone fruit yellows, respectively. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54: 1217–26.
• Sertkaya G., Martini M., Ermacora P., Musetti R., Osler R., 2005. Detection and characterization of phytoplasmas in diseased stone fruits and pear by PCR-RFLP analysis in Turkey. Phytoparasitica 33(4): 380-390.
• Sertkaya G., Sertkaya E., Kaya K., 2008. Detection of pear decline disease in pear and quince in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Acta Horticulturae 781: 511-515.
• Tamura K., Nei M., Kumar S., 2004. Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 101: 11030-11035.
• Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., Kumar S., 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 2725-2729.
• Ulubaş Serçe C., Gazel M., Çağlayan K., Bas M., Son L. 2006. Phytoplasma diseases of fruit trees in germplasm and commercial orchards in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology 88(2): 179-18.
• Ulubaş Serçe C., Gazel M., Yalcin S., Çağlayan K., 2007. Responses of six Turkish apricot cultivars to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ under greenhouse conditions. Bulletin of Insectology 60(2): 309-310.
• Ulubaş Serçe C, Yvon M, Kaya K, Gazel M, Cengiz FC, Çağlayan K and Sauvion N 2011. Survey on the presence of Cacopsylla pruni in Turkey: preliminary results. Bulletin of Insectology 64(Supplement): S145-S146.
• Zhao Y, Wei W, Lee I-M, Shao J, Suo X and Davis RE 2009. Construction of an interactive online phytoplasma classification tool, iPhyClassifier, and its application in analysis of the peach X-disease phytoplasma group (16SrIII). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 59: 2582–2593.
• Zunnoon-Khan S, Michelutti R, Arocha-Rosete Y, Scott J, Crosby W and Bertaccini A 2010. First report of `Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris´-related strain associated with peach rosette in Canada. Plant Disease 94(7): 916.