Overexpression of cytochrome P450 genes in Aphis gossypii (Glover) in the cotton fields of the Çukurova region, Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 60 Issue: 1, 41 - 47, 31.03.2020

Selçuk Ulusoy

https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.540632

Abstract

Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which is a polyphagous species, is among the main pests of the cotton plants in the whole world. The Çukurova region is an area where polyculture agriculture activities are carried out. While insecticides in the neonicotinoid group are prevalently used in the cotton fields in this region for controlling A. gossypii, the problem of resistance is frequently encountered. This study determined the relative expression levels of the CYP6CY22 and CYP6CY13 genes, cytochrome P450, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities in six different populations of A. gossypii collected in 2018 from cotton fields in the province of Adana in Southern Turkey. In comparison to the reference culture, there was an increase in gene regulation by 81.9 fold in the CYP6CY22 gene in the Hamitbey population and by 6 fold in the CYP6CY13 gene in the Gazipaşa population. Additionally, the Hamitbey population showed 4.3 times higher (0.74 U/ml) cytochrome P450 enzyme activity. The Çiftlikler population showed 5.9 fold higher AChE (0.82 U/ml) and 4.3 fold higher GST (2.68 U/ml) activities. The analyses revealed that the A. gossypii populations were exposed to high amounts of insecticides. Consequently, overexpressed genes, high levels of enzyme activities and metabolic resistance in based on cytochrome P450 activity were observed in the study.

Keywords

Aphis gossypii, cotton, cytochrome P450, overexpression

Çukurova bölgesi pamuk alanlarında Aphis gossypii (Glover)’da aşırı düzeyde sitokrom P450 genleri ekspresyonu

Abstract

Polifag bir tür olan Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) tüm dünyada pamuk bitkisinin ana zararlılarındandır. Çukurova bölgesi polikültür tarımın yapıldığı bir bölgedir. Bu bölgede pamuk ekim alanlarında A. gossypii mücadelesinde neonikotinoid grubu insektisitler yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmakta olup, direnç problemi ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Çalışmada 2018 yılı, Adana ili pamuk alanlarından toplanmış altı farklı A. gossypii popülasyonu sitokrom P450 (CYP)’ye ait CYP6CY22 ile CYP6CY13 genleri relatif ekspresyon düzeyleri, sitokrom P450, asetilkolin esteraz (AChE) ve glutathion S-transferaz (GST) enzim etkinlikleri belirlenmiştir. Hassasa oranla Hamitbey popülasyonunda CYP6CY22 geni 81.9 kat ve Gazipaşa popülasyonunda CYP6CY13 geni 6 kat daha fazla gen regülasyonu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Hamitbey popülasyonunda 4.3 (0.74 U/ml) kat daha fazla sitokrom P450 enzim aktivitesi saptanmıştır. Çiftlikler popülasyonunda 5.9 kat AChE (0.82 U/ml) ve 4.3 kat daha fazla GST (2.68 U/ml) aktivitesi gözlenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde A. gosyypii popülasyonlarının yoğun şekilde insektisitlere maruz kaldığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, aşırı gen ekspresyonu ve yüksek düzeydeki enzim etkinlikleri, sitokrom P450 aktivitesine dayanan metabolik direncin varlığını ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

Aphis gossypii, pamuk, sitokrom P450, aşırı ekspresyon

References

• Ahmad M., Arif M. I., Denholm I., 2003. High resistance of field populations of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) to pyrethroid insecticides in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 96: 875-878.
• Bass C., Field L.M., 2011. Gene amplification and insecticide resistance. Pest Management Science, 67 (8): 886-890.
• Bass, C., Puinean A. M., Andrews M., Cutler P., Daniels M., Elias J., Paul V.L., Crossthwaite A.J., Denholm I., Field L.M., Foster S.P., Lind R., Williamson M.S., Slater R., 2011. Mutation of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β subunit is associated with resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in the aphid Myzus persicae. BMC Neuroscience, 31;12-51.
• Berenbaum M.R., 2002. Postgenomic chemical ecology: From genetic code to ecological interactions. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 28:873–896.Bergé J.B., Feyereisen R., Amichot M., 1998. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and insecticide resistance in insects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 353:1701–1705.
• Devonshire A.L., Moores G.D., 1982. A carboxylesterase with broad substrate specify causes organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae). Pesticide Biochemistry Physiology, 18: 235-246.
• Field L.M., Blackman R.L., Tyler-Smith C., Devonshire A.L., 1999. Relationship between amount of esterase and gene copy number in insecticide resistant Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Biochemical Journal, 339 (3): 737-742.
• Godfrey L.D., Fuson K.J., Wood J.P., 1997. Physiological and yield responses of cotton to mid-season cotton aphid infestations in California, 1048-1051. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences (6–10 January 1997, New Orleans, Louisiana, Tennessee, USA), 1660 pp.
• Habig W.H., Pabst M.J., Jakoby W.B., 1974. Glutathione S-transferases. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249:7130-7139.
• Hemingway J., Georghiou G.P, 1984. Differential suppression of organophosphorus resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus by the synergists IBP, DEF, and TPP. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 21 (1): 1-9.
• Hirata K., Jouraku A., Kuwazaki S., Shimomura H., Iwasa T., 2017. Studies on Aphis gossypii cytochrome P450s CYP6CY22 and CYP6CY13 using an in vitro system. Journal of Pesticide Science, 42(3): 97–104.
• Hirata K., Kiyota R., Matsuura A., Toda S., Yamamoto A., Iwasa T., 2015. Association between the R81T mutation in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β1 subunit of Aphis gossypii and the differential resistance to acetamiprid and imidacloprid. Journal of Pesticide Science, 40 (1): 25−31.
• Ihara M., Okajima T., Yamashita A., Oda T., Hirata K., Nishiwaki H., Morimoto T., Akamatsu M., Ashikawa Y., Kuroda S., Mega R., Kuramitsu S., Sattelle D.B., Matsuda K., 2008. Crystal structures of Lymnaea stagnalis AChBP in complex with neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and clothianidin. Invertebrate Neuroscience, 8:71–81.
• Jeschke P., Nauen R., Schindler M., Elbert A., 2011. Overview of the status and global strategy for neonicotinoids. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 59: 2897-2908.
• Kranthi K. R., 2005. Insecticide Resistance -Monitoring, Mechanisms and Management Manual. Central Institute for Cotton Research. 153: 75-77.Li X., Schuler M.A., Berenbaum M.R., 2007. Molecular mechanisms of metabolic resistance to synthetic and natural xenobiotics. Annual Review of Entomology, 52:231–253.
• Livak K.J. Schmittgen T.D., 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2[-Δ Δ C[T]] method]. Methods, 25:402-408.Nauen R., 2007. Insecticide resistance in disease vectors of public health importance. Pest Management Science, 63: 628-633.
• Nauen R., Jeschke P., Copping L., 2008. In Focus: Neonicotinoid insecticides Editorial. Pest Management Science, 64 (11): 1081-1081.
• Nikou D., Ranson H., Hemingway J., 2003. An adult-specific CYP6 P450 gene is overexpressed in a pyrethroid-resistant strain of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Gene, 318:91–102.
• Ozgur A.F., Sekeroglu E., 1986. Population development of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleurodidae) on various cotton cultivars in Cukurova, Turkey. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 17(1-2):83-88.
• Rauch N., Nauen R., 2003. Identification of biochemical markers linked to neonicotinoid cross resistance in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 54: 165–176.
• Scott J.G., 1999. Cytochromes P450 and insecticide resistance. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 29: 757–777.
• Scott J.G., Wen X., 2001. Cytochromes P450 of insects: The tip of the iceberg. Pest Management Science, 57 (10): 958-967.
• Seyedebrahimi S.S., Jahromi K.T., Imani S., Naveh V.S., Hesami S., 2015. Characterization of imidaclropid resistance in Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Southern Iran. Journal of Turkish Entomology, 39 (4): 413-423.
• Shang Q., Pan Y., Fang K., Xi J., Brennan J.A., 2012. Biochemical characterization of acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome P450 and cross-resistance in an omethoate-resistant strain of Aphis gossypii Glover. Crop Protection, 31: 15-20.
• Sparks T.C., Nauen R., 2015. IRAC: Mode of action classification and insecticide resistance management. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 121: 122–128.
• Tomizawa M., Casida J.E., 2005. Neonicotinoid insecticide toxicology: Mechanisms of selective action. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 45: 247-268.
• Ulusoy S., Dinçer S., Atakan E., 2017a. “Determination of acetamiprid resistance in Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Çukurova region, 40-41”. International Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Congress (22-25 December 2017, Afyon, Turkey), 90 pp.
• Ulusoy S., Atakan E., Dinçer S., 2018. Neonicotinoid resistance of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in cotton fields of Çukurova Region, Turkey. Turkish Entomolgy, 42 (1): 23-31.
• Velioğlu A.S., Erdoğan C., Gurkan M.O., Moores G.D., 2008. Determination of the insecticide resistance mechanisms using biochemical methods in the Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations damaging on cotton in Turkey. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi-Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 14 (2): 116-123.
• Wang K.I., Guo Q.L., Xia X.M., Wang H.Y., Liu T.X., 2007. Resistance of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) to selected insecticides on cotton from five cotton production regions in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 32 (4): 372-378.
• Wang Z., Yao M., Wu Y., 2009. Cross-resistance, inheritance and biochemical mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci. Pest Management Science, 65(11):1189-94.
• Wu Y., Xu H., Pan Y., Gao X., Xi J., Zhang J., Shang Q., 2018. Expression profile changes of cytochrome P450 genes between thiamethoxam susceptible and resistant strains of Aphis gossypii Glover. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 149:1-7.
• Zhao C., Tang T., Feng X., Qiu L., 2014. Cloning and characterisation of NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase gene in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. Pest Management Science, 70: 130–139.