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Entomopatojen nematodların üç uygulama tekniği ile patates böceği [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] üzerinde etkilerinin sera koşullarında araştırılması

Year 2022, Volume: 62 Issue: 4, 14 - 21, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1150809

Abstract

Patates üretimini azaltan zararlı organizmalardan biri de patates böceği [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] (PB)’dir. Patates bitkisinin her dönemine zarar veren polifag bir zararlıdır. Dünya’da entomopatojen nematodların (EPN) birçok zararlı grubuna karşı etkinliği laboratuvar ve tarla/bahçe çalışmaları ile ortaya konulmuş olmasına karşın ülkemizde PB ile ilgili çok az çalışma yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışma kapsamında PB ile mücadelede EPN’lerin kullanılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın ana hedefi, laboratuvar stoklarımızda mevcut olan EPN [Steinernema feltiae (izolat 09-31) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (izolat 09-43)]’lerin toprak, yeşil aksam ve kadavra uygulamaları şeklinde sera-saksı denemeleri oluşturmuştur. Türkiye’de ilk defa bu zararlı grubuna karşı sera-saksı çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca dünyada EPN’lerin sulu konsantrasyonlarının zararlılara karşı kullanımı ile ilgili çok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda sulu konsantrasyonların yerine kadavra içinde EPN’lerin kullanılması çalışmaları başlamıştır. PB’ye karşı bu uygulama (kadavra uygulamaları) ilk çalışma niteliğindedir. Araştırma sonucu elde edilen sonuçlara göre EPN’lerin toprağa yapılan uygulamalarda en yüksek ölüm oranı S. feltiae (65.23±4.45 ve 77.33±2.59)’da elde edilmiştir. Diğer uygulamalar (yeşil aksam ve kadavra uygulamaları)’da etkisinin düşük düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Deneme sonuçlarında, kadavra uygulamalarında ölüm oranı %40’ı geçmemiş ve en yüksek ölüm oranı H. bacteriophora’da %37.40±8,88 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yeşil aksam uygulamalarında ise ölüm oranı %30’u geçmemiş ve en yük ölüm oranı H. bacteriophora’da 29.14±6.09 olarak tespit edilmiştir. EPN sera-saksı deneme sonuçlarına göre S. feltiae (izolat 09-31)’nın toprak uygulamalarının arazi denemeleri kapsamına alınması uygun olacaktır.

References

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  • Abd-Elgawad M.M.M., 2019. Towards optimization of entomopathogenic nematodes for more service in the biological control of insect pests. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 29, 77. https:// doi: 10.1186/s41938-019-0181-1.
  • Adel M.M., Hussein H.M., 2010. Effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 43, 1485-1494.
  • Armer C.A., Berry R.E., Reed G.L., Jepsen S.J., 2004. Colorado potato beetle control by application of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis marelata and potato plant alkaloid manipulation. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 111, 47-58.
  • Askary T.H., Abd-Elgawad M.M.M., 2021. Opportunities and challenges of entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents in their tripartite interactions. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 31, 42. https:// doi: 10.1186/s41938-021-00391-9.
  • Atay T., Güleç N., Kara K., Tülek A., Kepenekci İ., 2015. Efficacy of three entomopathogenic nematodes against Bean Weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus Say Coleoptera Bruchidae adults. 5th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium, 09-11 September 2015, Ankara, 108 p.
  • Atay T., Kepenekci İ., 2015. Biological Control potential of Turkish Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Holotrichapion pullum (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera, Apionidae). Egyptian Journal Biological Pest Control, 26, 7-10.
  • Bauer, M.E., Kaya H.K., Gaugler R., Tabashnik B., 1997. Effects of adjuvants on entomopathogenic nematode persistence and efficacy against Plutella xylostella. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 7, 513-525.
  • Broadbent A.B., Olthof Th. H.A., 1995. Foliar application of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) to control Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae in chrysanthemums. Environmental Entomology, 24, 431-435.
  • Cantwell G.E., Cantelo W.W., Scroder R.F.W., 1985. The integration of a bacterium and parasjtes to control the Colorado potato beetle and the Mexian bean boetle. Journal of Entomological Science, 20, 88-103.
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  • Grewal P.S., Selvan S., Gaugler R., 1994. Thermal adaptation of entomopathogenic nematodes: niche breadth for infection, establishment, and reproduction. Journal of Thermal Biology, 19, 245-253.
  • Grissel E.E., 1981. Edovum puttleri, ng.n.g. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), an egg parasite of the Colorado potato beetle (Chrysomelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 83, 790-796.
  • Kary N.E., Dastjerdi H.R., Mohammadi D., Afghahi S., 2010. Efficacy of some geographical isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Col.: Chrysomelidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 5(Supplement), 1066-1074.
  • Kaya H.K., Stock S.P., 1997. Techniques in Insect Nematology, In Lacey L.A., (ed) Manuel of techniques in insect pathology, Academic press, London, pp 281-324.
  • Kepenekci İ., Alkan M., İnal B., Erdoğuş F.D., Evlice E., Hazır S., 2013a. Pre-studies upon the effect of three entomopathogen nematodes on the last larval stage of Colarado patato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] “Üç entomopatojen nematodun Patates böceği [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)]’nin son dönem larvalarına etkisi üzerine ön çalışmalar”. Patates Zararlı Organizmalar Sempozyumu (Potato Harmful Organisms Symposium), 4-7 November 2013, Ankara, 34 p.
  • Kepenekci İ., Tulek A., Alkan M., Hazır S., 2013b. Biological control potential of native entomopathogenic nematodes against the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45, 1415-1422.
  • Kepenekci İ., Atay T., 2014. Evaluation of aqueous suspension and entomopathogenic nematodes infected cadaver applications against the Great Spruce Bark Beetle Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 24, 335-339.
  • Kepenekci .İ, Atay T., Alkan M., 2016. Biological control potential of Turkish entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Biocontrol Science and Technolog, 26, 141-144.
  • Kepenekci İ., 2012. Nematoloji (Bitki Paraziti ve Entomopatojen Nematodlar) [Genel Nematoloji (Cilt-I) ISBN 978-605-4672-11-0, Taksonomik Nematoloji (Cilt-II) ISBN 978-605-4672-12-7] [Nematology (Plant parasitic and Entomopathogenic nematodes) (General Nematology, Volume-I) (Taxonomic Nematology, Volume-II) pp.1155.], Eğitim, Yayım ve Yayımlar Dairesi Başkanlığı, Tarım Bilim Serisi, Yayın No:3 (2012/3), LIV+1155 sayfa.
  • Kepenekci İ., 2014. Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae Heterorhabditidae: Rhabditida) of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 32, 59-65.
  • Kepenekci İ., 2016. Infectivity of native entomopathogenic nematodes applied as infected host cadavers against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26, 173-174.
  • Kepenekci İ., Sağlam D., Atay T., Yeşilayer A., Akın A., 2018. Effectiveness of two native entomopatogenic nematodes isolates [Steinernema carpocapsae GOP81 and S. carpocapsae GOP72] against larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under laboratory conditions.. 6th ASM International Congress of Agriculture and Environment, 11-13 October 2018, Antalya, pp. 300-313.
  • Koppenhöfer A.M., Shapiro-Ilan D.I., Hiltpold I., 2020. Entomopathogenic nematodes in sustainable food production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. https:// doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00125.
  • Lashomb J., Kranaicker D., Jansson R.K., Ng Y.S., Chianesa R., 1987. Parasitism of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say eggs by Edovum puttleri (Hym.: Eulophidae) effects of Hostage, Parasitoid age, and temperature. Canadian Entomologist, 149, 79-82.
  • Laznik Ž., Tóth T., Lakatos T., Vidrih M., Trdan S., 2010. Control of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]) on potato under field conditions: a comparison of the efficacy of foliar application of two strains of Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and spraying with thiametoxam. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 117, 129-135.
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Research on the efficacy of three application techniques of entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] under greenhouse conditions

Year 2022, Volume: 62 Issue: 4, 14 - 21, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1150809

Abstract

Colorado Potato Beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] (CPB) is one of the most destructive pests of potatoes. CPB is a polyphagous pest that damages every stage of the potato. Although entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the world have been demonstrated by many laboratories and field/garden studies activity against many harmful groups, very few studies have been conducted on CPB in our country (Türkiye). In the scope of work intended to be used EPNs against CPB. The main objective of the study is to reveal greenhouse-pot applications (soil, green limbs, and cadaver applications) of EPN [Steinernema feltiae (isolate 09-31) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (isolate 09-43)], which are present in our laboratories in our stocks. For the first time in Türkiye, greenhouse-pot applications studies have been carried out against this harmful group. There is also a lot of work in the world about the use of aqueous concentrations of EPNs against harmful effects. In recent years, efforts have been made to use EPNs in cadavers instead of aqueous concentrates. This application (cadaver applications) against CPB is the first working. The results revealed that EPNs performed better in soil applications, and the highest mortality rate was obtained from S. feltiae (65.23±4.45 and 77.33±2.59). Other applications (green limbs and cadaver applications) are seen to have a low level of efficacy. In trials, the mortality rate in cadaver applications did not exceed 40%, and the lowest mortality rate in H.bacteriophora was 37,40±8,88%. In the case of green devices, the mortality rate did not exceed 30%, and the highest mortality rate was 29.14±6.09 in H.bacteriophora. According to EPN greenhouse-pot experiments results, soil applications of S. feltiae (isolate 09-31) should be included within the scope of field trials.

References

  • Abbott W.S., 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18, 265-267.
  • Abd-Elgawad M.M.M., 2019. Towards optimization of entomopathogenic nematodes for more service in the biological control of insect pests. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 29, 77. https:// doi: 10.1186/s41938-019-0181-1.
  • Adel M.M., Hussein H.M., 2010. Effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 43, 1485-1494.
  • Armer C.A., Berry R.E., Reed G.L., Jepsen S.J., 2004. Colorado potato beetle control by application of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis marelata and potato plant alkaloid manipulation. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 111, 47-58.
  • Askary T.H., Abd-Elgawad M.M.M., 2021. Opportunities and challenges of entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents in their tripartite interactions. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 31, 42. https:// doi: 10.1186/s41938-021-00391-9.
  • Atay T., Güleç N., Kara K., Tülek A., Kepenekci İ., 2015. Efficacy of three entomopathogenic nematodes against Bean Weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus Say Coleoptera Bruchidae adults. 5th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium, 09-11 September 2015, Ankara, 108 p.
  • Atay T., Kepenekci İ., 2015. Biological Control potential of Turkish Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Holotrichapion pullum (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera, Apionidae). Egyptian Journal Biological Pest Control, 26, 7-10.
  • Bauer, M.E., Kaya H.K., Gaugler R., Tabashnik B., 1997. Effects of adjuvants on entomopathogenic nematode persistence and efficacy against Plutella xylostella. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 7, 513-525.
  • Broadbent A.B., Olthof Th. H.A., 1995. Foliar application of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) to control Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae in chrysanthemums. Environmental Entomology, 24, 431-435.
  • Cantwell G.E., Cantelo W.W., Scroder R.F.W., 1985. The integration of a bacterium and parasjtes to control the Colorado potato beetle and the Mexian bean boetle. Journal of Entomological Science, 20, 88-103.
  • Christie R.D., Sumalde A.C., Schutz J.T., Gudmestad N.C., 1991. Insect transmission of the bacterial ring rot pathogen. American Potato Journal, 68, 363-372.
  • Eidt D.C., 1991. Control of spruce budmoth, Zeiraphera canadensis in white spruce plantations with entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema spp. Canadian Entomologist, 123, 379-385.
  • Forgash A.J., 1985. Insecticide resistance in the Colorado potato betle. In: Ferro D.N., Voss R.H., (Eds.). Proceedings of the symposium on the Colorado potato beetle, 17th International Congress of Entomology, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin, No: 704, pp. 33-52.
  • Hough-Goldstein J.A., 1990. Antifeedant effects of common herbs on the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae). Enviromental Entomology, 19, 234-238.
  • Gaugler R, Boush G.M., 1978. Effects of ultraviolet radiation and sunlight on the entomogenous nematode, Neoaplectana carpocapsae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 32, 291-296.
  • Gaugler R., Bednarek A., Campbell J.F., 1992. Ultraviolet inactivation of heterorhabditids and steinernematids. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 59, 155-160.
  • Gelernter W.D., 1990. New developments in microbial-based products. In: Ğreen MB, Moberg WK, LeBaran H (Eds.). Managing resistance to agrochemicals from fundamental to practical strategies. ACS Symp. Series, No: 421-117.
  • Glazer I., Klein M.G., Navon A., Nakache Y., 1992. Comparison of efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes combined with antidesiccants applied by canopy sprays against three cotton pests (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, 1636-1641.
  • Grewal P.S., Selvan S., Gaugler R., 1994. Thermal adaptation of entomopathogenic nematodes: niche breadth for infection, establishment, and reproduction. Journal of Thermal Biology, 19, 245-253.
  • Grissel E.E., 1981. Edovum puttleri, ng.n.g. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), an egg parasite of the Colorado potato beetle (Chrysomelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 83, 790-796.
  • Kary N.E., Dastjerdi H.R., Mohammadi D., Afghahi S., 2010. Efficacy of some geographical isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Col.: Chrysomelidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 5(Supplement), 1066-1074.
  • Kaya H.K., Stock S.P., 1997. Techniques in Insect Nematology, In Lacey L.A., (ed) Manuel of techniques in insect pathology, Academic press, London, pp 281-324.
  • Kepenekci İ., Alkan M., İnal B., Erdoğuş F.D., Evlice E., Hazır S., 2013a. Pre-studies upon the effect of three entomopathogen nematodes on the last larval stage of Colarado patato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] “Üç entomopatojen nematodun Patates böceği [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)]’nin son dönem larvalarına etkisi üzerine ön çalışmalar”. Patates Zararlı Organizmalar Sempozyumu (Potato Harmful Organisms Symposium), 4-7 November 2013, Ankara, 34 p.
  • Kepenekci İ., Tulek A., Alkan M., Hazır S., 2013b. Biological control potential of native entomopathogenic nematodes against the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45, 1415-1422.
  • Kepenekci İ., Atay T., 2014. Evaluation of aqueous suspension and entomopathogenic nematodes infected cadaver applications against the Great Spruce Bark Beetle Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 24, 335-339.
  • Kepenekci .İ, Atay T., Alkan M., 2016. Biological control potential of Turkish entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Biocontrol Science and Technolog, 26, 141-144.
  • Kepenekci İ., 2012. Nematoloji (Bitki Paraziti ve Entomopatojen Nematodlar) [Genel Nematoloji (Cilt-I) ISBN 978-605-4672-11-0, Taksonomik Nematoloji (Cilt-II) ISBN 978-605-4672-12-7] [Nematology (Plant parasitic and Entomopathogenic nematodes) (General Nematology, Volume-I) (Taxonomic Nematology, Volume-II) pp.1155.], Eğitim, Yayım ve Yayımlar Dairesi Başkanlığı, Tarım Bilim Serisi, Yayın No:3 (2012/3), LIV+1155 sayfa.
  • Kepenekci İ., 2014. Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae Heterorhabditidae: Rhabditida) of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 32, 59-65.
  • Kepenekci İ., 2016. Infectivity of native entomopathogenic nematodes applied as infected host cadavers against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26, 173-174.
  • Kepenekci İ., Sağlam D., Atay T., Yeşilayer A., Akın A., 2018. Effectiveness of two native entomopatogenic nematodes isolates [Steinernema carpocapsae GOP81 and S. carpocapsae GOP72] against larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under laboratory conditions.. 6th ASM International Congress of Agriculture and Environment, 11-13 October 2018, Antalya, pp. 300-313.
  • Koppenhöfer A.M., Shapiro-Ilan D.I., Hiltpold I., 2020. Entomopathogenic nematodes in sustainable food production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. https:// doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00125.
  • Lashomb J., Kranaicker D., Jansson R.K., Ng Y.S., Chianesa R., 1987. Parasitism of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say eggs by Edovum puttleri (Hym.: Eulophidae) effects of Hostage, Parasitoid age, and temperature. Canadian Entomologist, 149, 79-82.
  • Laznik Ž., Tóth T., Lakatos T., Vidrih M., Trdan S., 2010. Control of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]) on potato under field conditions: a comparison of the efficacy of foliar application of two strains of Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and spraying with thiametoxam. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 117, 129-135.
  • Leach S.S., Fry W.E., Jones R.T., Loria R.R., Storch H., Sweet R.D., Tette J.P., White G.B., Wright R.J., 1986. Integrated systems for managing potatoes in the Northeast. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, No:116.
  • Lello E.R., Patel M.N., Mathews G.A., Wright D.J., 1996. Application technology for entomopathogenic nematodes against foliar pests. Crop Protection, 15, 567-574.
  • MacVean C.M., Brewer J.W., Capinera J.L., 1982. Field tests of antidesiccants to extend the infection period of an entomogenous nematode, Neoaplectana carpocapsae, against the Colorado potato beetle. Journal of Economic Entomology, 75, 97-101.
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Niyazi Güleç 0000-0002-8142-1880

İlker Kepenekçi 0000-0002-0506-6645

Early Pub Date December 25, 2022
Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date August 1, 2022
Acceptance Date September 5, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 62 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Güleç, N., & Kepenekçi, İ. (2022). Research on the efficacy of three application techniques of entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] under greenhouse conditions. Plant Protection Bulletin, 62(4), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1150809
AMA Güleç N, Kepenekçi İ. Research on the efficacy of three application techniques of entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] under greenhouse conditions. Plant Protection Bulletin. December 2022;62(4):14-21. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1150809
Chicago Güleç, Niyazi, and İlker Kepenekçi. “Research on the Efficacy of Three Application Techniques of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against the Colorado Potato Beetle [Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] under Greenhouse Conditions”. Plant Protection Bulletin 62, no. 4 (December 2022): 14-21. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1150809.
EndNote Güleç N, Kepenekçi İ (December 1, 2022) Research on the efficacy of three application techniques of entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] under greenhouse conditions. Plant Protection Bulletin 62 4 14–21.
IEEE N. Güleç and İ. Kepenekçi, “Research on the efficacy of three application techniques of entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] under greenhouse conditions”, Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 14–21, 2022, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.1150809.
ISNAD Güleç, Niyazi - Kepenekçi, İlker. “Research on the Efficacy of Three Application Techniques of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against the Colorado Potato Beetle [Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] under Greenhouse Conditions”. Plant Protection Bulletin 62/4 (December 2022), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1150809.
JAMA Güleç N, Kepenekçi İ. Research on the efficacy of three application techniques of entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] under greenhouse conditions. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2022;62:14–21.
MLA Güleç, Niyazi and İlker Kepenekçi. “Research on the Efficacy of Three Application Techniques of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against the Colorado Potato Beetle [Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] under Greenhouse Conditions”. Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 62, no. 4, 2022, pp. 14-21, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1150809.
Vancouver Güleç N, Kepenekçi İ. Research on the efficacy of three application techniques of entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] under greenhouse conditions. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2022;62(4):14-21.

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