qPCR analysis of Puccinia spp. in turfgrass areas in Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 63 Issue: 4, 66 - 70, 31.12.2023

Filiz Ünal , Senem Tülek

https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1365353

Abstract

In recent years, with the increase in parks, gardens, recreation areas, picnic areas and refuges with urbanization, the interest in turfgrass areas that beautify the aesthetic appearance of these areas has also increased. In these areas, rust diseases are also becoming increasingly common and causing problems. Rust diseases are an important pathogen group that needs to be monitored due to their ability to create new races and their airborne transmission. In this study, surveys were conducted in turfgrass areas in 8 provinces of Türkiye and 110 turfgrass leaf samples showing rust symptoms were collected. As a result of DNA isolation and qPCR analysis from pustules on the leaf surface, 37 Puccinia coronata, 32 P. graminis, 18 P. striiformis and 23 Puccinia spp. have been detected. It was determined that the most common rust species that causes disease in turfgrass areas in Türkiye is P. coronata. This species was followed by P. graminis and P. striiformis, respectively. While P. striiformis was mostly isolated from Kayseri and Istanbul provinces, P. coronata and P. graminis were mostly isolated from İstanbul.

Keywords

turfgrass, rust, real time PCR, Türkiye

Türkiye'deki çim alanlarında Puccinia spp.nin qPCR analizi

Abstract

Son yıllarda şehirleşmeyle birlikte park, bahçe, rekreasyon alanları, piknik alanları ve refüjlerin artmasıyla birlikte bu alanların estetik görünümünü güzelleştiren çim alanlarına ilgi de artmıştır. Bu alanlarda pas hastalıkları da giderek yaygınlaşmakta ve sorun oluşturmaktadır. Pas hastalıkları, yeni ırk oluşturma kapasiteleri ve hava yoluyla taşınmaları sebebiyle takip edilmesi gereken önemli bir patojen grubudur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin 8 ilindeki çim alanlarında sürveyler düzenlenerek, 110 adet pas belirtisi gösteren çim yaprak örneği toplanmıştır. Yaprak yüzeyindeki püstüllerden DNA izolasyonu ve qPCR analizi sonucunda 37 adet Puccinia coronata, 32 adet P. graminis, 18 adet P. striiformis ve 23 adet Puccinia spp. tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye'de çim alanlarında hastalığa neden olan en yaygın pas türünün P. coronata olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu türü sırasıyla P. graminis ve P. striiformis takip etmiştir. P. striiformis en fazla Kayseri ve İstanbul ilinden izole edilirken, P. coronata ve P. graminis en fazla İstanbul ilinden izole edilmiştir.

Keywords

çim, pas, real time PCR, Türkiye

References

• Abbasi M., 1996. Contribution to the knowledge of Puccinia species in Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 32 (3-4), 171-181.
• Afshan N.S., Khalid A.N., Niazi A.R., 2008. New records of graminicolous rust fungi from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40 (3), 1279-1283.
• Aime M.C., Matheny P.B., Henk D.A, Frieders E.M., Nilsson R.H., Piepenbring M., McLaughlin D.J., Szabo L.J., Begerow D., Sampaio J.P., Bauer R., Weib M., Oberwinkler F., Hibbett D., 2006. An overview of the higher level classification of Pucciniomycotina based on combined analyses of nuclear large and small subunit rDNA sequences. Mycologia, 98 (6), 896-905.
• Aktaş H., 2001. Önemli hububat hastalıkları ve sürvey yöntemleri. Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, 74 s.
• Avasthi S., Gautam A.K, Niranjan M., Kumar R., Verma R.K., Karunarathna S.C., Kumar S., Suwannarach N., 2023. Insights into diversity, distribution, and systematics of rust genus Puccinia. Journal of Fungi, 9 (6), 639. doi.org/10.3390/jof9060639
• Beirn L.A., Moy M., Meyer W.A., Clarke B.B., Crouch J.A., 2011. Molecular analysis of turfgrass rusts reveals the widespread distribution of Puccinia coronata as a pathogen of Kentucky bluegrass in the United States. Plant Disease, 95, 1547-1557.
• Hawksworth D.L., Kirk P.M., Sutton B.C., Pegler D.N., 1995. Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi. 8th edition, CAB International, Engham, UK, 616 p.
• Kaminski J.E., Dernoeden P.H., O'neill N.R., Wetzel H.C., 2005. A PCR-based method for the detection of Ophiosphaerella agrostis in creeping bentgrass. Plant Diseae, 89 (9), 980-985.
• Karakkat B.B., Jackson V.L., Koch P.L., 2018. Incidence and distribution of Puccinia coronata and P. graminis on turfgrass in the Midwestern United States. Plant Disease, 102, 5, 955–63. doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-17-1353-re
• Maier W., Wingfield B.D., Mennicken M., Wingfield M.J., 2007. Polyphyly and two emerging lineages in the rust genera Puccinia and Uromyces. Mycological Research, 111 (2), 176-185.
• Mirmajlessi S.M., Loit E., Mänd M., Mansouripour S.M., 2015. Real-time PCR applied to study on plant pathogens: potential applications in diagnosis - a review. Real-time PCR applied to study on plant pathogens: potential applications in diagnosis - a review. Plant Protection Science, 51 (4), 177–190. doi: 10.17221/104/2014-PPS
• Pfender W.F., 2009. A damage function for stem rust of perennial ryegrass seed crops. Phytopathology, 99 (5), 498-505.
• Smiley R.W., Dernoeden P.H., Clarke B.B., 2005. Compendium of turfgrass diseases, 3rd edition, The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 167 pp.
• Stackhouse T., Martinez-Espinoza A.D., Ali M.E., 2020. Turfgrass disease diagnosis: past, present, and future. Plants, 9 (11), 1544. doi:10.3390/plants9111544
• Van Der Merwe M., Ericson L., Walker J., Thrall P.H., Burdon J.J., 2007. Evolutionary relationships among species of Puccinia and Uromyces (Pucciniaceae, Uredinales) inferred from partial protein coding gene phylogenies. Mycological Research, 111 (Pt 2), 163-175.
• Watkins J.E., Gaussoin R.E., 1992. Rust diseases of turfgrass. Historical Materials From University of Nebraska. File G92-1119, under: Plant Diseases, F-13, Turf.
• Zhang D., Tang J., Wei K., Jia S., Jiang Y., Cai H., Mao P., Li M., 2022. Physiological and molecular responses of Zoysia japonica to rust infection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, 4185. doi: 10.3390/ijms23084185
• Zhao S., Clarke B.B., Shen Q., Zhang L., Zhang N., 2012. Development and application of a TaqMan real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of Magnaporthe poae. Mycologia, 104 (5), 1250-1259.