Effect of trap bait and colours, and number of entry holes in monitoring of Drosophilidae (Diptera) species in a fig orchard

Year 2024, Volume: 64 Issue: 3, 20 - 27, 01.10.2024

Tülin Akşit , Mehmet Alper Kesici , Balazs Kiss Ferenc Deutsch , Hüseyin Başpınar

https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1401216

Abstract

The study's objective was to evaluate how the capture rate of bottle traps is influenced by their color, number of entry holes, and bait liquids.For this purpose, yellow, blue, green, red, black, white, and transparent (colourless) traps were tested. Apple cider vinegar, grape vinegar, white wine, yeast, and water (control) were used as bait liquids. The number of entry holes was 2, 4, 6, and 8 holes per trap on the side of the bottle traps. The experiments were conducted in a randomised block design with three replicates in a fig orchard (variety Bursa Siyahı) with 437 trees in Aydın province from September 2018 to March 2019. In total, 48 traps were mounted on the experimental trees (1 trap per 1 tree), and counting of the drosophilid individuals in the traps was performed weekly. Red-coloured traps attracted the highest number of drosophilid individuals, followed by yellow-coloured. Regarding different baits, grape vinegar attracted the most drosophilid individuals, followed by white wine. Concerning the number of trap entry holes, the highest number of individuals were caught in traps with the highest number of holes, 8. In all traps, Zaprionus tuberculatus Malloch, 1932 was the species caught in the highest numbers, followed by Drosophila subobscura Collin, 1936 and Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931). Z. tuberculatus was mostly caught in traps containing grape vinegar, while D. subobscura and D. suzukii were mainly caught in traps containing white wine. In our study, the red-coloured traps containing vinegar with 8 entry holes were the most effective in monitoring drosophilid populations.

Keywords

fruit flies, trap, bait, Ficus carica

Bir incir bahçesinde Drosophilidae (Diptera) türlerinin izlenmesinde tuzak cezbedicisi, tuzak rengi ve giriş delik sayısının etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı cezbedici besin, renk ve delik sayısı içeren tuzakların drosophilidleri yakalama etkinliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Bunun için renk olarak sarı, mavi, yeşil, kırmızı, siyah, beyaz ve şeffaf (renksiz) tuzaklar denemeye alınmıştır. Cezbedici sıvı olarak, elma sirkesi, üzüm sirkesi, beyaz şarap, maya ve su (kontrol) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, 2, 4, 6 ve 8 adet/tuzak giriş deliği olan tuzaklar değerlendirilmiştir. Tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde 3 tekerrürlü olarak Aydın ilindeki Bursa Siyahı çeşiti 437 ağaç içeren bir incir bahçesinde Eylül 2018 - Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Toplam 48 ağaç üzerine (1 tuzak/ağaç) tuzak asılmış ve sayımlar haftalık olarak yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, en çok drosophilid bireyini sayısal olarak toplamda kırmızı renkli tuzaklar cezbetmiş, bunu sarı renk izlemiştir. Mavi, yeşil ve şeffaf tuzaklar etkisiz bulunmuştur. Cezbedici olarak ise, üzüm sirkesi içeren tuzaklarda en çok drosophilid bireyi yakalanmış, bunu beyaz şarap içeren tuzaklar izlemiştir. Tuzak giriş deliği sayısı bakımından en çok yakalanma 8 delikli tuzaklarda sağlanmıştır. Tüm tuzaklarda toplamda en fazla Zaprionus tuberculatus Malloch, 1932 yakalanmış, onu Drosophila subobscura Collin, 1936 ve Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) takip etmiştir. Z. tuberculatus en çok üzüm sirkesi içeren tuzaklarda, D. subobscura ve D. suzukii beyaz şarap içeren tuzaklarda yakalanmıştır. Drosophilidlerin popülasyonlarının izlenmesinde içerisinde sirke bulunan, kırmızı renkli ve 8 delikli tuzakların en etkili sonucu verdiği gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

meyve sinekleri, tuzak, cezbedici, Ficus carica

References

• Arıdıcı-Kara P., Ulusoy M.R. 2022. Determination of adult population fluctuation and damege rate of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura 1931 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in cherry and nectarine orchards. KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 25 (Suppl 1), 164-175.
• Atkinson W., 1977. Ecological studies of the breeding sites and reproductive strategies of domestic species of Drosophila. The University of Leeds Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, (Unpublished) PhD Thesis, Leeds, England, 130 p.
• Basoalto E., Hilton R., Knight A., 2013. Factors affecting the efficacy of a vinegar trap for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera; Drosophilidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 137 (8), 561-570.
• Başpınar H., Akşit T., Kesici M.A., Deutsch F., Kiss B., Papp L., 2022. Seasonal abundance and diversity of family Drosophilidae (Diptera) and records of some other dipterans in fruit orchards in Aydın Province (Türkiye). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 (3), 289-298.
• Bieńkowski A.O., Orlova-Bienkowskaja M.J., 2020. Invasive agricultural pest Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae) appeared in the Russian caucasus. Insects, 11 (11), 826.
• Brake I., Bachli G., 2008. Drosophilidae (Diptera). World catalogue of insects. Vol. 9. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 412 p.
• Calabria G., Máca J., Bächli G., Serra L., Pascual M., 2012. First records of the potential pest species Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Europe. Journal of Applied Entomology, 136 (1-2), 139-147.
• Cha D.H., Hesler S., Wallingford A., Zaman F., Jentsch P., Nyrop J., Loeb G., 2018. Comparison of commercial lures and food baits for early detection of fruit infestation risk by Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 111 (2), 645–652.
• Commar L.S., Galego G.C., Roberto C.R., Carareto C.M.A., 2012. Taxonomic and evolutionary analysis of Zaprionus indianus and its colonisation of Palearctic and Neotropical regions. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 35 (2), 395-406.
• Depra M., Poppe J.L., Schmidtz H.J., Toni D.D., Valente V.L.S., 2014. The first records of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii in the South American continent. Journal of Pest Science, 87 (3), 379-383.
• Ekström G., Ekbom B., 2011. Pest control in agro-ecosystems: an ecological approach. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 30 (1-2), 74-94.
• EPPO, 2023. Drosophila suzukii, EPPO Global Database. https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/DROSSU
• Harmon D.S., Haseeb M., Kanga L.H.B., Liburd O.E., 2019. Evaluation of monitoring traps and lures for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in berry plantings in Florida. Insects, 10 (10), 313.
• Hauser M., 2011. A historic account of the invasion of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in the continental United States, with remarks on their identification. Pest Management Science, 67 (11), 1352-1357.
• Joshi N.K., Biddinger D.J., Demchak K., Deppen A., 2014. First report of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in commercial fruits and vegetables in Pennsylvania. Journal of Insect Science, 14 (259), 1-4.
• Kaçar G., 2020. New records of the parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in newly invaded areas in Turkey: molecular identification. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44 (1), 71-79.
• Kasap İ., Özdamar E., 2019. Population development of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in vineyards of Çanakkale province. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 43 (1), 57-62.
• Kenis M., Tonina L., Eschen R., van der Sluis B., Sancassani M., Mori N., Haye T., Helsen H., 2016. Non-crop plants used as hosts by Drosophila suzukii in Europe. Journal of Pest Science, 89, 735-748.
• Kinjo H., Kunumi Y., Nakai M., 2014. Effects of temperature on the reproduction and development of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 49 (2), 297-304.
• Lee J.C., Bruck D.J., Dreves A.J., Loriatti C., Vogt H., Baufeld P., 2011. In focus: spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, across perspectives. Pest Management Science, 67 (11), 1349-1351.
• Lee J.C., Burrack H.J., Barrantes L.D., Beers E.H., Dreves A.J., Hamby K.A., Haviland D.R., Isaacs R., Richardson T.A., Shearer P.W., Stanley C.A., Walsh D.B., Walton V.M., Zalom F.G., Bruck D.J., 2012. Evaluation of monitoring traps for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in North America. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 (4), 1350–1357.
• Lee J.C., Shearer P.W., Barrantes L.D., Beers E.H., Burrack H.J., Dalton D.T., Dreves A.J., Gut L.J., Hamby K.A., Haviland D.R., Isaacs R., Nielsen A.L., Richardson T., Rodriguez-Saona C.R., Stanley C.A., Walsh D.B., Walton V.M., Yee W.L., Zalom F.G., Bruck D.J., 2013. Trap designs for monitoring Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Environmental Entomology, 42 (6), 1348-55.
• Lee J.C., Dreves A.J., Cave A.M., Kawai S., Isaacs R., Miller J.C., van Timmeren S., Bruck D.J., 2015. Infestation of wild and ornamental noncrop fruits by Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 108 (2), 117–129.
• Orhan A., Aslantaş R., Önder B.Ş., Tozlu G., 2016. First record of the invasive vinegar fly Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from eastern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40 (2), 290-293.
• Özbek-Çatal B., Çalışkan-Keçe A.F., Ulusoy M.R., 2019. New invasive species in Turkey: Zaprionus indianus (Gupta) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 22 (Suppl 1), 109-112.
• Özbek-Çatal B., Çalışkan-Keçe A.F., Ulusoy M.R., 2021. Distribution and host plants of Drosophilidae (Diptera) species detected in fruit orchards of the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 26 (2), 431-442.
• Renkema J.M., Buitenhuis R., Hallett R.H., 2014. Optimising trap design and trapping protocols for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Horticultural Entomology, 107 (6), 2107-2118.
• Rodriguez-Saona C., Firbas N., Hernández-Cumplido J., Holdcraft R., Michel C., Palacios-Castro S., Silva D.B., 2020. Interpreting temporal and spatial variation in spotted-wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) trap captures in highbush blueberries. Journal of Economic Entomology, 113 (5), 2362-2371.
• Sanchez-Ramos I., de la Peña A., Lethmayer C., Egartner A., Blümel S., Simoni S., Gargani E., Casteels H., de Ro M., Bozkurt V., Ozdem A., Ayan E., 2019. IPM Strategies against Drosophila suzukii (IPMDROS). Zenodo, 60 pp. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3245142.
• Schmitz H.J., Valente V.L.S., Hofmann P.R.P., 2007. Taxonomic survey of Drosophilidae (Diptera) from mangrove forest of Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil. Neotropical Entomology, 36 (1), 53-64.
• Tonina L., Grassi A., Caruso S., Mori N., Gottardello A., Anfora G., Giomi F., Vaccari G., Loriatti C., 2017. Comparison of attractants for monitoring Drosophila suzukii in sweet cherry orchards in Italy. Journal of Applied Entomology, 142 (1-2) 18-25.
• Tozlu E., Tekiner N., Tozlu G., Kotan R., Öğütçü H., 2018. Bacterial communities of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) damaged in strawberry in Turkey. Universal Journal of Microbiology Research, 6 (2), 35-42.
• Walsh D.B., Bolda M.P., Goodhue R.E., Dreves A.J., Lee J., Bruck D.J., Walton V.M., O'Neal S.D., Zalom F.G., 2011. Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): invasive pest of ripening soft fruit expanding its geographic range and damage potential. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 2 (1), 1-7.
• Wang J., Zheng Y., Fan L., Weitao W., 2022. Surveys of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and its host fruits and associated parasitoids in northeastern China. Insects, 13 (4), 390.
• Zengin E., Karaca İ., 2019. Dynamics of trapped adult populations of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and its parasitoids in Uşak province, Turkey. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 29 (43), 1-6.