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Kahramanmaraş ili ceviz fidanlığında bulunan yabancı otların ve farklı mücadele yöntemlerinin ceviz fidan boyu ve gövde çapına etkisinin araştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 65 Issue: 3, 14 - 25, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1606666

Abstract

İnsan beslenmesinde önemli yere sahip olan ceviz (Juglans regia L.); omega-3 yağ asitleri, antioksidanlar, polifenoller, bakır, folik asit, fosfor, manganez, B6 ve E vitamini yönünden oldukça önemlidir. Ceviz fidanlığında birçok yabancı ot, hastalık ve zararlı ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Fidanlıkta en önemli sorunlardan bir tanesi de yabancı otlardır. Bu çalışma 2022-2023 yılında Kahramanmaraş Ziraat Fakültesi ceviz (Juglans regia L.) fidanlığında sorun olan yabancı ot türleri, familyaları ve yoğunlukları tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Aynı zamanda bu yabancı otlar ile farklı mücadele yöntemlerinin (el çapası, pendimethalin 455 g/l, glyphosate isopropylamin tuzu ve malç) ceviz fidan boyu ve gövde çapına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda deneme alanında 20 farklı familyaya ait 66 adet yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir. Bu yabancı ot türlerinden 16 tanesi tek çenekli ve 50 tanesi ise çift çeneklidir. Yoğunluk skalasına göre ceviz deneme alanında belirlenen yabancı ot türlerinin; Elymus repens (L.) Gould 13.20, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. 12.69, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 11.58, Anagallis arvensis L. 10.70 ve Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. 10.30 adet/m2 çok yoğun olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Bu araştırmada yabancı ot yoğunluğunu, malç yöntemi %98.07 oranında azaltırken, bunu el çapa uygulaması %80.48 oranıyla ikinci sırada izlemiştir. Üçüncü sırada çıkış sonrası (glyphosate isopropylamin tuzu) aktif maddeli herbisit uygulaması %76.14 ve dördüncü sırada çıkış öncesi (pendimethalin) aktif maddeli herbisit uygulaması %74.10 oranıyla izlemiştir.
Yabancı ot mücadele yöntemlerinden siyah plastik örtü yöntemi ceviz fidan boyu gelişimini %633.33, el çapa uygulaması yöntemi %566.67, çıkış sonrası herbisit uygulaması %500.00 ve çıkış öncesi herbisit uygulaması %400.00 oranında artırmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Kahramanmaras Sütcü İmam University , Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit.

Project Number

2022/3-35 LAP

Thanks

I would like to thank Kahramanmaras Sütcü İmam University for supporting this research (Project No: 2022/3-35 LAP) by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit.

References

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  • Altland J.E., Boldt J.K., Krause C.C., 2016. Rice hull mulch affects germination of bittercress and creeping woodsorrel in container plant culture. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 2359–2375. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2016.716207
  • Akbari V., Jamei R., Heidari R., Esfahlan J., 2012. Antiradical activity of different parts of walnut (Juglans regia L.) fruit as a function of genotype. Food Chemistry, 135, 2404-2410. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j. foodchem.2012.07.030
  • Almeida I.F., Fernandes E., Lima J.L.F., Costa P.C., 2008. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf extracts are strong scavengers of pro-oxidant reactive species. Food Chemistry, 106 (3), 1014-1020. https:// doi.org/10.1016 /j.foodchem.2007.07.017
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  • Goswami S.B., Saha S., 2006. Effect of organic and inorganic mulches on soil-moisture conservation, weed suppression and yield of elephant-foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius). Indian Society of Agronomy. 51 (2), 154-156. https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v51i2.4996
  • Judge A.C., Neal J.C., 2000. Susceptibility of common nursery weeds to preemergence herbicides. In: Proceedings of Southern Nursery Association (SNA) Research Conference. McDaniel, G., (Ed.). 45, 370-374.
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  • Kolberg R.L., Wiles L.J., 2002. Effect of steam application on cropland weeds. Weed Technology, 16 (1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1614/0890037X(2002)016[0043:EOSAOC]2.0.CO;2
  • Lanini T.W., Grant J.A., 2000. Organic weed management in walnut orchards. Page: 5. Cooperative Extension Weed Ecologist, Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor, University of California.
  • Marble S.C., Steed S.T., Saha D., Khamare Y., 2019. On-farm evaluations of wood derived, waste paper, and plastic mulch materials for weed control in Florida container nurseries. HortTechnology. 29, 866–873. doi: 10.21273/HORTTECH04437-19
  • Neal J.C., Adkins C.R., 2001. Comparison of glyphosate and clopyralid for mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) control in field-grown nursery crops. In: Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association (SNA) Research Conference. McDaniel, G., (Ed.). USA, 46, 420-421.
  • Öğüt D., 2007. Aydın ili fidanlıklarında sorun olan yabancı otların saptanması ve bazı uygulamaların incir fidanlığındaki yabancı otlara etkinliğinin belirlenmesi. Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 88 s., Aydın.
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Investigation of the effects of weeds and different control methods on walnut seedling height and stem diameter in the walnut nursery of Kahramanmaraş province

Year 2025, Volume: 65 Issue: 3, 14 - 25, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1606666

Abstract

The walnut (Juglans regia L.), which plays an important role in human nutrition, is quite significant in terms of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, polyphenols, copper, folic acid, phosphorus, manganese, vitamin B6, and vitamin E. In walnut nurseries, many weeds, diseases, and pests are encountered. One of the main problems in the nursery is the weeds. This study was carried out to determine the problem weed species, families and densities in the walnut (Juglans regia L.) nursery of Kahramanmaraş Faculty of Agriculture in the 2022-2023 period. At the same time, the effects of different weed control methods (hand hoe, pendimethalin 455g/l, glyphosate isopropylamine salt and mulch) on walnut sapling height and trunk diameter were investigated. As a result of the study, 66 weed species belonging to 20 different families were identified in the trial area. Of these weed species, 16 are monocotyledonous and 50 are dicotyledonous. According to the density scale, the weed species determined in the walnut experimental area were determined to be very dense with Elymus repens (L.) Gould 13.20, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. 12.69, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 11.58, Anagallis arvensis L. 10.70, and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. 10.30 pieces/m².
In this study, the mulching method reduced weed density by 98.07%, followed by hand hoeing with a reduction of 80.48%. The third method was post-emergence (glyphosate isopropylamin salt) herbicide treatment, which reduced weed density by 76.14%, and the fourth was pre-emergence (pendimethalin) herbicide treatment with a reduction of 74.10%.
Among the weed control methods, the black plastic mulch method increased walnut seedling height by 633.33%, the hand hoeing method by 566.67%, the post-emergence herbicide treatment by 500.00%, and the pre-emergence herbicide treatment by 400.00%.

Ethical Statement

There is no situation in this article that violates ethical rules. The study complied with ethical rules.

Supporting Institution

Kahramanmaras Sütcü İmam University , Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit.

Project Number

2022/3-35 LAP

Thanks

I would like to thank Kahramanmaras Sütcü İmam University for supporting this research (Project No: 2022/3-35 LAP) by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit.

References

  • Abit M.J.M., Hanson B.D., 2013. Evaluation of preemergence and post-directed herbicides on rootstock safety in field-grown almond nursery stock. HortTechnology, 23, 462–467. doi: 10.21273/HORTTECH.23.4.462
  • Altland J.E., Boldt J.K., Krause C.C., 2016. Rice hull mulch affects germination of bittercress and creeping woodsorrel in container plant culture. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 2359–2375. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2016.716207
  • Akbari V., Jamei R., Heidari R., Esfahlan J., 2012. Antiradical activity of different parts of walnut (Juglans regia L.) fruit as a function of genotype. Food Chemistry, 135, 2404-2410. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j. foodchem.2012.07.030
  • Almeida I.F., Fernandes E., Lima J.L.F., Costa P.C., 2008. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf extracts are strong scavengers of pro-oxidant reactive species. Food Chemistry, 106 (3), 1014-1020. https:// doi.org/10.1016 /j.foodchem.2007.07.017
  • Amoroso G., Fini A., Piatti R., Frangi P., 2009. Mulching as alternative to chemical weed control in nursery containerized crops. Advances in Horticultural Science, 23, 276. doi: 10.1400/121245
  • Anonymous 2017. Ceviz Entegre Mücadele Teknik Talimatı. Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/Entegre/ceviz%20entegre.pdf (accessed date: 12.03.2021).
  • Anonymous 2023. İllere göre ceviz yetiştiriciliği. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Tarim-111 (accessed date: 02.03.2022).
  • Anonymous 2022a. Ceviz Entegre Mücadele Teknik Talimatı, Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/Entegre/Ceviz%20Entegre%20M%C3%BCcadele%20Teknik%20Talimat%C4%B1.pdf (accessed date: 14.02.2022).
  • Anonymous 2022b. Stomp Aqua (455 g/l Pendimetalin) https://www.agro.basf.com.tr/tr/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnler/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn-Bilgileri/Herbisit/Stomp-Aqua.html (accessed date: 04.01.2022).
  • Anonymous 2022c. Korfosat (480 g/L glyphosate isopropylamin tuzu). https://korumatarim.com/ilac/korfosat-48-sl/ (accessed date: 04.01.2022).
  • Atay E., 2012. Dallı fidan eldesinde kullanılan farklı yöntemlerin elmalarda fidan kalitesi ve fizyolojisi üzerine etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 112 s., Isparta, Türkiye.
  • Awan T., Safdar M., Manzoor Z., Ashraf M., 2006. Screening of herbicides as post-emergence application for effective weed control without affecting growth and yield of direct seeded rice plant. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 16, 60–64.
  • Berchielli-Robertson D.L., Gilliam C.H., Fare D.C., 1990. Competitive effects of weeds on the growth of container-grown plants. HortScience, 25, 77–79. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.25.1.77
  • Brunharo C.A., Watkins S., Hanson B.D., 2020. Season-long weed control with sequential herbicide programs in California tree nut crops. Weed Technology, 34 (6), 834–842. https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.70
  • Burt J., 2018. Pomegranates in Western Australia, https://agric.wa.gov.au/n/2078 (accessed date: 03.07.2022).
  • Cody C.A., Larsen F.E., Fritts R.Jr., 1985. Stimulation of lateral branch development in tree fruit nursery stock with GA4+7+BA. HortScience, 20 (4), 758-759.
  • Davis P.H., 1985-1988. Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands. Vol. I-X Edinburgh University Press.
  • FAO 2023. Walnut production. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home (accessed date: 02.01.2023).
  • Fretz T.A., 1972. Weed competition in container grown Japanese holly. HortScience, 7, 485 486.
  • File S.L., Knight P., Gilliam C., Reynolds D., Altland J., 2000. Evaluation of alternative weed control options for ornamentals grown in large containers. In: Proceedings of Southern Nursery Association (SNA) Research Conference. Bryson, L. J., (Ed.). USA, 45, 397-402.
  • Gina M.P., Neal J.C., 2000. Weed scouting in container nurseries. SNA Research Conference, 45, 387-390.
  • Güncan A., 2001. Yabancı otlar ve mücadelesi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Ders kitabı, Basımevi yayını, Konya, 311 s.
  • Goswami S.B., Saha S., 2006. Effect of organic and inorganic mulches on soil-moisture conservation, weed suppression and yield of elephant-foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius). Indian Society of Agronomy. 51 (2), 154-156. https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v51i2.4996
  • Judge A.C., Neal J.C., 2000. Susceptibility of common nursery weeds to preemergence herbicides. In: Proceedings of Southern Nursery Association (SNA) Research Conference. McDaniel, G., (Ed.). 45, 370-374.
  • Kadıoğlu İ., Uluğ E., 1993. Akdeniz bölgesi meyve fidanlıklarında yabancı otların belirlenmesi üzerine araştırmalar. Türkiye I. Herboloji Kongresi, 3-5 Şubat 1993, Adana,163-174.
  • Karaca M., Güncan A., 2004. Karaman ili genç elma bahçelerinde sorun olan yabancı otların mücadelesinde en etkili yöntemin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Türkiye I. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, Bildiri Özetleri, 8-10 Eylül 2004, Samsun, 223.
  • Kolberg R.L., Wiles L.J., 2002. Effect of steam application on cropland weeds. Weed Technology, 16 (1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1614/0890037X(2002)016[0043:EOSAOC]2.0.CO;2
  • Lanini T.W., Grant J.A., 2000. Organic weed management in walnut orchards. Page: 5. Cooperative Extension Weed Ecologist, Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor, University of California.
  • Marble S.C., Steed S.T., Saha D., Khamare Y., 2019. On-farm evaluations of wood derived, waste paper, and plastic mulch materials for weed control in Florida container nurseries. HortTechnology. 29, 866–873. doi: 10.21273/HORTTECH04437-19
  • Neal J.C., Adkins C.R., 2001. Comparison of glyphosate and clopyralid for mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) control in field-grown nursery crops. In: Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association (SNA) Research Conference. McDaniel, G., (Ed.). USA, 46, 420-421.
  • Öğüt D., 2007. Aydın ili fidanlıklarında sorun olan yabancı otların saptanması ve bazı uygulamaların incir fidanlığındaki yabancı otlara etkinliğinin belirlenmesi. Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 88 s., Aydın.
  • Özkan Y., Yıldız K., 2009. Vegetative and generative characteristics in Granny Smith apple variety Budded/Grafted on M 26 and MM 106 rootstocks. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 2009 (2), 133-135.
  • Ramalingam S.P., Chinnagounder C., Perumal M., Palanisamy M.A., 2013. Evaluation of new formulation of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) for weed control efficacy and bulb yield in onion. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4, 890–895. doi:10.4236/ajps.2013.4410
  • Richardson R.J., Zandstra B.H., 2009. Weed control in Christmas trees with flumioxazin and other residual herbicides applied alone or in tank mixtures. HortTechnology. 19, 181–186. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI.19.1.181
  • Robinson T., 2003. Apple orchard planting systems. In: Apples: Botany, Production and Uses. Ferree, D.C., Warrington, I.J. (Eds.). Cambridge, USA, 345-407 p.
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  • Serin Y., 2008. Türkiye’nin çayır mera bitkileri. T.C. Tarım ve Köy işleri Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Üretim ve Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 476 s.
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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Herbology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tamer Üstüner 0000-0003-3584-4249

Project Number 2022/3-35 LAP
Early Pub Date September 25, 2025
Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date December 24, 2024
Acceptance Date May 8, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 65 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Üstüner, T. (2025). Investigation of the effects of weeds and different control methods on walnut seedling height and stem diameter in the walnut nursery of Kahramanmaraş province. Plant Protection Bulletin, 65(3), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1606666
AMA Üstüner T. Investigation of the effects of weeds and different control methods on walnut seedling height and stem diameter in the walnut nursery of Kahramanmaraş province. Plant Protection Bulletin. September 2025;65(3):14-25. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1606666
Chicago Üstüner, Tamer. “Investigation of the Effects of Weeds and Different Control Methods on Walnut Seedling Height and Stem Diameter in the Walnut Nursery of Kahramanmaraş Province”. Plant Protection Bulletin 65, no. 3 (September 2025): 14-25. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1606666.
EndNote Üstüner T (September 1, 2025) Investigation of the effects of weeds and different control methods on walnut seedling height and stem diameter in the walnut nursery of Kahramanmaraş province. Plant Protection Bulletin 65 3 14–25.
IEEE T. Üstüner, “Investigation of the effects of weeds and different control methods on walnut seedling height and stem diameter in the walnut nursery of Kahramanmaraş province”, Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 14–25, 2025, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.1606666.
ISNAD Üstüner, Tamer. “Investigation of the Effects of Weeds and Different Control Methods on Walnut Seedling Height and Stem Diameter in the Walnut Nursery of Kahramanmaraş Province”. Plant Protection Bulletin 65/3 (September2025), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1606666.
JAMA Üstüner T. Investigation of the effects of weeds and different control methods on walnut seedling height and stem diameter in the walnut nursery of Kahramanmaraş province. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2025;65:14–25.
MLA Üstüner, Tamer. “Investigation of the Effects of Weeds and Different Control Methods on Walnut Seedling Height and Stem Diameter in the Walnut Nursery of Kahramanmaraş Province”. Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 65, no. 3, 2025, pp. 14-25, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1606666.
Vancouver Üstüner T. Investigation of the effects of weeds and different control methods on walnut seedling height and stem diameter in the walnut nursery of Kahramanmaraş province. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2025;65(3):14-25.

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