Mimar Sinan Camilerinde Sütunların Formları, Dikey ve Yanal Yük Kapasiteleri

Year 2022, , 649 - 659, 30.06.2022

Rabia İzol , Okan Türkmen , Arif Gürel , Paki Turgut

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1082417

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Duvarlar ile birlikte kolonlar, tarihi yığma yapıların çoğunda düşey ve yatay yüklerin taşınmasında ana taşıyıcı elemanlardır. Büyük Osmanlı mimarı Mimar Sinan'ın camileri incelendiğinde kolon formlarında oldukça geniş bir çeşitlilik olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durumdan hareketle bu çalışmada, Sinan'ın birkaç camisindeki kolon formları incelenmiş, geometrik boyutları ölçülerek düşey ve yanal yük taşıma kapasiteleri belirlenmiştir. İncelenen kolonlar Sinan Paşa, Kılıç Ali Paşa, Üsküdar Mihrimah Sultan, Selimiye, Şehzade ve Süleymaniye camilerinin kolonlarıdır. Öncelikle kolonların düşey kapasiteleri hem klasik gerilme denklemi hem de Abaqus programı ile hesaplanmış ve iki hesaplama yöntemi ile birbirine çok yakın sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra sadece Abaqus programı kullanılarak yanal yük taşıma kapasiteleri hesaplanmıştır. Kolonların yanal yük kapasiteleri üzerinde diğer ilgili faktörlerle birlikte yüksekliğin de önemli olduğu bir kez daha görülmüş ve vurgulanmıştır.

Keywords

Mimar Sinan, Cami, kolon, düşey ve yatay yük kapasitesi, Abaqus

Forms, and Vertical and Lateral Load Capacities of Columns in Mimar Sinan’s Mosques

Abstract

Along with the walls, columns are the main load-bearing elements in carrying vertical and horizontal loads in most historic masonry buildings. When the mosques of Mimar Sinan, the great Ottoman architect, are examined, it is seen that there is a wide variety in column forms. Motivated by this situation, in this study, the column forms in Sinan's a few mosques were investigated, their geometric dimensions were measured, and the vertical and lateral load carrying capacities of them were determined. The columns examined are the columns of Sinan Pasha, Kılıç Ali Pasha, Üsküdar Mihrimah Sultan, Selimiye, Şehzade and Süleymaniye mosques. Initially, the vertical capacities of the columns were calculated with both the classical stress equation and the Abaqus program, and very close results were obtained with the two calculation methods. Then, lateral load carrying capacities were calculated only by using of the Abaqus program. It has been once again seen and emphasized that height is also important, along with other relevant factors, on the lateral load capacities of the columns.

Keywords

Mimar Sinan, mosque, column, vertical and lateral load capacity, Abaqus software

References

• D. Macaulay, Mosque, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, USA, 2003.
• P. Rabb, We are all servants here! Mimar Sinan - architect of the Ottoman Empire, Periodica Polytechnica Architecture, 44(1), pp. 17-37, 2013.
• F.Y. Yokel, Stability and load capacity of members with no tensile strength, Journal of the Structural Division, Proceed. ASCE, 97-ST7, pp. 1913-1926, 1971. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0002954
• R. Frisch-Fay, Stability of masonry piers, International Journal of Solids and Structures”, 11, pp. 187-198, 1975.
• Z. Ahunbay, Construction techniques and materials used in Mimar Sinan structures (in Turkish), Mimarbaşı Koca Sinan: His Age and Works, T. C. General Directorate of Foundations, İstanbul, 1988.
• L. La Mendola, and M. Papia, Stability of masonry piers under their own weight and eccentric load, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 119(6), pp. 1678 1693, 1993.
• A. De Falco, and M. Lucchesi, Stability of columns with no tension strength and bounded compressive strength and deformability. Part I: Large eccentricity, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 39, pp. 6191-6210, 2002.
• N. Arioğlu, E. Arioğlu, Engineering mystery of Master Architect Sinan’s “Küfeki” shell limestone, Architectural Science Review, 48, pp. 163-172, 2005.
• M. A. Gurel, A. Senocak, R. K. Pekgokgoz, and M. Gumuscu, Numerical assessment of the lateral stiffness of unreinforced masonry rectangular columns, International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 5:6, pp. 559-585, 2011.
• M. A. Gurel, R. K. Pekgokgoz, F. Cili, Strength capacity of unreinforced masonry cylindrical columns under seismic transverse forces, Bull Earthquake Eng., 10, pp. 587–613, 2012.
• B. S. Seker, Investigation of the behavior of Mimar Sinan mosques under static and dynamic loads, Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Science, PhD Thesis, Trabzon, 340 page (In Turkish), 2011.
• M. A. Gurel, Stability of slender masonry columns with circular cross-section under their own weight and eccentric vertical load, International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 10:8, pp. 1008-1024, 2016.
• P. Crespi, A. Franchi, N. Giordano, M. Scamardo, P. Ronca, Structural analysis of stone masonry columns of the Basilica S. Maria di Collemaggio, Engineering Structures, 129, pp. 81-90, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.05.045
• E. Çaktı, Ö. Saygılı, E. Dar, and T. Ercan, Seismic Behavior of The Edirnekapı Mihrimah Sultan Mosque in Istanbul, 6th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2017.
• M. Broseghini, P. Zanetti, A.D. Jefferson, M. Gei, Progressive instability in circular masonry columns, Engineering Structures, 157, pp. 96-104, 2018.
• R. Illampas, I. Ioannou, P. B. Lourenço, Seismic appraisal of heritage ruins: The case study of the St. Mary of Carmel church in Cyprus, Engineering Structures, 224, Article 111209, 2020.
• M. Tomaževič, Earthquake-Resistant Design of Masonry Buildings, Imperial College Press, London, 268 pages, 1999.
• Ş. Korkmaz, Determination of thermal conductivity, physical and mechanical properties of brick materials used in historical buildings, Dep. of Civil Eng., Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, 241 pages, (in Turkish), 2019.
• Abaqus, Theory manual. Version 6.14-5; 2014.
• E. Hognestad. A study of combined bending and axial load in reinforced concrete members, University of Illinois Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 22, Urbana, Illinois, 128 pages, 1951.
• B. Massicotte, A.E. Elwi, J.G. MacGregor, Tension stiffening model for planar reinforced concrete members, ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering 116 (11), pp. 3039–3058, 1990.
• M. Valente, and G. Milani, Effects of geometrical features on the seismic response of historical masonry towers, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2017.
• A. E. Akan, G. Ç. Başok, A. Er, H. T. Örmecioğlu, S. Z. Koçak, T. Cosgun, O. Uzdil, B. Sayin, Seismic evaluation of a renovated wooden hypostyle structure: A case study on a mosque designed with the combination of Asian and Byzantine styles in the Seljuk era (14th century AD), Journal of Building Engineering, 43, 103112, 2021.
• E. Isik, B. Antep, A. Buyuksarac, M.F. Isik, Observation of behavior of the Ahlat Gravestones (TURKEY) at seismic risk and their recognition by QR code, Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 72(5), 643–652, 2019.
• T. Cosgun, B. Sayin, B. Gunes, A.O. Avşar, R. Şengün, Gümüşdağ, G. Rehabilitation of historical ruined castles based on field study and laboratory analyses: The case of Bigalı Castle in Turkey, Revista de la Construcción, 19(1), 52–67, 2020.
• H. Bilgin, F. Ramadani, Numerical study to assess the structural behavior of the Bajrakli Mosque (Western Kosovo), Hindawi, Advances in Civil Engineering, 2021, 4620916, 2021.
• E. Işık, E. Harirchian, E. Arkan, F. Avcil, and M. Günay, Structural Analysis of Five Historical Minarets in Bitlis (Turkey), Buildings, 12, 159, 2022.
• R. İzol, M. A. Gürel, R. K. Pekgökgöz, F. Avcil, Out-of-plane seismic resistance of high masonry walls having rectangular buttresses, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University- 34:2 (2019) 1007-1023. 2019.
• M. A. Gürel, R. İzol, B. İpekyüz, H. A. Büyüktaşkın, and R.K. Pekgökgöz, Comparison of Buckling Loads of Masonry Slender Columns with Rectangular and Circular Cross-Section, Journal of Polytechnic, 2021; 24(1) : 131-142. 2021. (In Turkish).