Freezing and Thawing Resistance of Hemp Fiber Reinforced Clays

Year 2023, , 822 - 828, 28.09.2023

Zeynep Neşe Kurt Albayrak , Bahattin Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1317907

Abstract

Clays are natural soils. In geotechnical engineering, clayey soils are problematic because of their volume change properties when interact with water. Additionally, they may lose strength when exposed to freezing-thawing. Various soil improvement methods are used for modifying the clay soils properties. One of these methods is by adding natural fibers. The aim of study was to investigate the strength and freezing-thawing properties of a high plasticity clay (CH) with hemp fiber. For this purpose, fiber-reinforced clay samples were prepared by adding hemp fiber at different percentages (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) and different lengths (2 mm, and 5 mm) to a CH clay from Erzurum, Turkey, and the consistency, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and freezing-thawing properties of the samples were investigated. Unconfined compressive strength of the samples increased with the increase in the hemp fiber percentage, and improvements occurred in their unconfined compressive strengths after freezing-thawing cycles, compared to unreinforced clay. According to the test results it is thought that hemp fibers could be an alternative for improving the freezing and thawing resistance of clay soils.

Keywords

Clay, Freezing-thawing, Hemp fiber, Soil stabilization, Unconfined compressive strength

References

• [1] C. Liu, Y. Lv, X. Yu, and X. Wu, “Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the unconfined compressive strength of straw fiber-reinforced soil,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 581–590, 2020.
• [2] F. Zha, S. Liu, Y. Du, and K. Cui, “Behavior of expansive soils stabilized with fly ash,” Natural Hazards, vol. 47, pp. 509–523, 2008.
• [3] Y. Zaika, A. Soeharjono, and R. Anwar, “Improving expansive soil by using combination of rice husk ash and fly ash,” EJGE, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 2055–2063, 2015.
• [4] L. Abi Rekha, B. Keerthana, and H. Ameerlal, “Performance of fly ash stabilized clay reinforced with human hair fiber,” Geomechanics and Engineering, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 677–687, 2016.
• [5] E. R. Sujatha, A. R. Geetha, R. Jananee, and S. R. Karunya, “Strength and mechanical behaviour of coir reinforced lime stabilized soil,” Geomechanics and Engineering, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 627–634, 2018.
• [6] J. H. Kim, S. D. Cho, Y. S. Jang, and S. S. Kim, “Soft ground improvements using natural fiber,” Materials Science Forum, vol. 544–545, pp. 629–632, 2007.
• [7] V. Sharma, H. K. Vinayak, and B. K. Marhava, “Enhancing compressive strength of soil using natural fibers,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 93, pp. 943–949, 2015.
• [8] J. Prabakar, and R. S. Sridhar, “Effect of random inclusion of sisal fibre on strength behaviour of soil,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 123–131, 2002.
• [9] H. Güllü and A. Khudir, “Effect of freeze–thaw cycles on unconfined compressive strength of fine-grained soil treated with jute fiber, steel fiber and lime,” Cold Regions Science and Technology, vol. 106–107, pp. 55–65, 2014.
• [10] E. Hodgson, “Toxins and venoms,” in Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, vol. 112, Academic Press, 2012, pp. 373-415.
• [11] D. W. Pate, “Chemical ecology of cannabis,” Journal of the International Hemp Association, vol. 2, no. 29, pp. 32–37, 1994.
• [12] M. Syed, A. GuhaRay, and D. Goel, “Strength characterisation of fiber reinforced expansive subgrade soil stabilized with alkali activated binder,” Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1037–1060, 2021.
• [13] A. Ammar, S. Najjar, and S. Sadek, “Interface resistance between clays and natural hemp fibers,” IFCEE, 2018, pp. 175-185.
• [14] A. Ammar, S. Najjar, and S. Sadek, “Mechanics of the interface interaction between hemp fibers and compacted clay,” International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 19, no. 4, 2019.
• [15] S. S. Najjar, S. Sadek, and H. Taha, “Use of hemp fibers in sustainable compacted clay systems,” Geo-Congress, 2014.
• [16] A. Abou Diab, S. Sadek, S. Najjar, and M. H. Abou Daya, “Undrained shear strength characteristics of compacted clay reinforced with natural hemp fibers,” International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 263–270, 2016.
• [17] B. Özdemir, “Doğal/sentetik lif ve uçucu kül katkılı killerin bazı geoteknik özelliklerinin araştırılması,” Yüksek lisans tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum, Türkiye, 2019.
• [18] S. Kumar Ramamoorthy, M. Skrifvars, and A. Persson, “A review of natural fibers used in biocomposites: Plant, animal and regenerated cellulose fibers,” Polymer Reviews, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 107–162, 2015.
• [19] O. Faruk, A. K. Bledzki, H. P. Fink, and M. Sain, “Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010,” Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1552–1596, 2012.
• [20] Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes, classification tests, BS 1377, 1990.
• [21] Standard test method for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils, ASTM D 4318, 2002.
• [22] Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil, ASTM D 2166, 2002.
• [23] M. Ghazavi, and M. Roustaie, “The influenze of freeze thaw cycles on the unconfined compressive strength of fiber reinforced clay,” Cold Regions Science and Technology, vol. 61, no. 2–3, pp. 125–131, 2010.
• [24] A. Ş. Zaimoğlu, and R. K. Akbulut, “Effect of aspect ratio on the freezing thawing of a CH clay,” Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilim, ve Teknik Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 66–74, 2019.
• [25] A. E. M. K. Mohamed, “Improvement of swelling clay properties using hay fibers,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 38, pp. 242-247, 2013.
• [26] A. S. Zaimoglu, Y. Calik, R. K. Akbulut, T. Yetimoglu, “A study on freeze-thaw behavior of randomly distributed fiber-reinforced soil,” Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 3-9, 2016.
• [27] L. Wei, S. Chai, M. Xue, P. Wang, F. Li, “Structural damage and shear performance degradation of fiber–lime–soil under freeze–thaw cycling,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 50, pp. 845-857, 2022.