3D Step Profiler with LED Source and 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform

Tahsin Aydın; Mehmet Karaca; Ekrem Yartaşı

doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1890751

3D Step Profiler with LED Source and 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform

Abstract

Fringe Projection Profilometry (FPP) is a widely used and reliable technique for non-contact three-dimensional (3D) surface measurements. However, when applied at micrometric and millimetric scales, its measurement accuracy may be degraded due to the limited depth of field and the speckle noise that arises in laser-based fringe patterns. In this study, a novel optical setup based on a light-emitting diode (LED) light source and a Gate’s interferometer configuration is presented. The proposed system aims to reduce speckle effects by exploiting the low coherence of the LED light source. In addition, the fringe pattern is diversified by employing two beam splitters together with an additional beam-splitting element that generates a horizontal fringe structure, with the objective of enhancing the spatial resolution of the system. To the best of our knowledge, the combined use of an LED light source and two-dimensional Continuous Wavelet Transform (2D CWT) analysis within this interferometric fringe projection framework is reported for the first time in this study. The experimentally obtained phase maps are analyzed using a two-dimensional Continuous Wavelet Transform (2D CWT) method, enabling three-dimensional surface reconstruction. To evaluate the performance of the LED light source, images of the same measurement regions are also acquired using a laser light source, and a comparative analysis is performed. The comparison results indicate that, based on cross-sectional evaluations, the LED-based configuration provides, albeit limited, a reduction in noise level and an improvement in surface profile stability compared to laser-based systems

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This research was carried out with the financial support of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK), within the scope of Project No. 123F413.

Project Number

123F413

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Classical and Physical Optics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Tahsin Aydın
0009-0006-3321-9043
Türkiye

Mehmet Karaca
0009-0005-8132-3710
Türkiye

Ekrem Yartaşı ^*
0000-0003-0071-951X
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

February 16, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 30, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1890751

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA62BF33MR

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Aydın, T., Karaca, M., & Yartaşı, E. (2026). 3D Step Profiler with LED Source and 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3), 1282-1292. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1890751

AMA

1.Aydın T, Karaca M, Yartaşı E. 3D Step Profiler with LED Source and 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15(3):1282-1292. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1890751

Chicago

Aydın, Tahsin, Mehmet Karaca, and Ekrem Yartaşı. 2026. “3D Step Profiler With LED Source and 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (3): 1282-92. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1890751.

EndNote

Aydın T, Karaca M, Yartaşı E (September 1, 2026) 3D Step Profiler with LED Source and 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 3 1282–1292.

IEEE

[1]T. Aydın, M. Karaca, and E. Yartaşı, “3D Step Profiler with LED Source and 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1282–1292, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1890751.

ISNAD

Aydın, Tahsin - Karaca, Mehmet - Yartaşı, Ekrem. “3D Step Profiler With LED Source and 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15/3 (September 1, 2026): 1282-1292. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1890751.

JAMA

1.Aydın T, Karaca M, Yartaşı E. 3D Step Profiler with LED Source and 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;15:1282–1292.

MLA

Aydın, Tahsin, et al. “3D Step Profiler With LED Source and 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 1282-9, doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1890751.

Vancouver

1.Tahsin Aydın, Mehmet Karaca, Ekrem Yartaşı. 3D Step Profiler with LED Source and 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026 Sep. 1;15(3):1282-9. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1890751