Yumuşak kabuklu kaplumbağa evrimi: Akdeniz’deki tek tür, Trionyx triunguis

Year 2019, , 1557 - 1571, 24.12.2019

Özgür Güçlü , DİLEK Keskin

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.542967

Abstract

Kaplumbağalar, dişsiz, anapsid ve kemik bir kabuk
ile üstleri örtülmüş ovipar özellik gösteren sürüngenlerdir. Kaplumbağaların
vücut morfolojilerinin kökeni sürüngen evriminin en önemli gizemlerinden birini
oluşturmaktadır. Günümüze kadar yapılan çeşitli moleküler
çalışmalar, kaplumbağaların Tuatara, kertenkele ve yılanların dahil olduğu
Lepidosauria grubunun dışında yer aldığı ve timsah ile kuşların bulunduğu
Archosauria grubuna kardeş grup olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Araştırıcılar
kaplumbağaların atası olarak günümüzden 220 MYÖ’ne ait olan Odontochelyidae
isimli yeni bir familya tanımlamışlardır. Söz konusu çalışmaya göre, bilinen
bütün kaplumbağa ve fosillerinin en eskisi Odontochelys olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Kaplumbağaların günümüzde yaşayan en eski grubu olarak bilinen Güneydoğu Asya
orijinli olan Trionychidae familyasına giren kaplumbağalar gece aktif olan
etçil tatlı su kaplumbağalarıdır. Karapas ve plastronlarında epidermis orjinli
plaklar olmamasına rağmen bu bölgelerin üstü ince bir deri ile örtülüdür. Bu
grup üyeleri Asya kıtasının Kratase jeolojik döneminin başlangıcından (yaklaşık
100–140 MYÖ) günümüze kadar gelen, yüksek oranda morfolojik çeşitlilik gösteren
canlılardır.

Keywords

Evrim, Trionyx triunguis

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