A Morphological and Stereological Study on Cervical Spinal Cord of One and Five Months Age Male Rat

Year 2020, , 143 - 156, 13.03.2020

Gamze Çakmak , Mesude Candan

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.657678

Abstract

In this study volume density of gray and white matter of cervical segments of spinal cords of rats were investigated using stereological method. Twelve male Wistar albino rats were used in the study as two different age groups 1 month and 5 months. All animals were fixed by perfusing 10% buffered formalin. Rats were dissected and spinal cords of rats were removed. In the study cervical segments of 1 and 5 months age rats were obtained. One of the first 15 section were selected randomly when the sections were taken. And following every 50th section was determined by systematic random sampling. Thus, 8-10 sections of 5µm thickness were obtained from cervical segments of each animal’s medulla spinalis. These sections were stained by hemotoxylin eosin and they were photographed at microscope. Densities of volumes of all tissue of cervical segments of whole spinal cord and white and gray matters were calculated using dotted area ruler by Cavalieri Principle. SHTEREOM 1.5 package programme was used for counting dotted area. In addition, the volume vales of total cervical segment, volume values of the white matter and the gray matter and the ratios of these volume values to each other were evaluated in the study.

Keywords

Cervical segment, rat, spinal cord, stereology, volume

Project Number

2014-SBE-YL029/ID: 1291

References

• [1]. Ide T. 2003. Animal Models. Laboratory Animals, Basic Principles of Science. Turkish translation, Zutphen LFM, Baumans V, Beynen AC. In: Ide T, Translation ed. Medipres Publications, Ozkan Typography, Ankara.
• [2]. Deniz G., Oral B. 2011. Experimental Animal Modeling Workshop. The Official Turkish Journal of Society of Immunology. 1, 10-18.
• [3]. Dursun N. 2000. Veterinary Anatomy III. Medisan Publishing, 15-23pp. Ankara.
• [4]. Arinci K., Elhan A. 2001. Anatomy. Vol 1. 3rd ed., Gunes Publishing, 59-65p. Ankara.
• [5]. Zeman W., Maitland J.M. 1963. Cragie's Neuroanatomy of the Rat (Revised and expanded). In Academic Press Inc, 230p. New York.
• [6]. Dursun N. 2008. Veterinary Anatomy I. 7th ed., Medisan Publishing, 15-67 pp. Ankara.
• [7]. Bahadir A., Yildiz H. 2010. Veterinary anatomy movement system and internal organs. 3rd ed., Ezgi Publishing, 37-56p. Istanbul.
• [8]. Unur E., Ulger H., Ekinci N. 2002. Anatomy. Ufuk Publishing, Kayseri.
• [9]. Schoenen J., Faull R.L.M. 2004. Spinal cord cyto and chemoarchitecture. The human nervous system.. In: George Paxinos JKM, 2nd ed., Elsevier Academic Press, 190-228 pp. London.
• [10]. Tanyolac A. 1993. Special Histology. 23-24p.
• [11]. Cruz-Orive L.M., Weibel E.R. 1990. Recent stereological methods for cell biology: a brief survey. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. American Journal of Psychology, 258, 148-156.
• [12]. Baddeley A.J. 1991. Stereology. Spatial statistics and digital image analysis. In: DC: Natural Research Company Ed., Washington.
• [13]. Gundersen H.J. 1986. Stereology of arbitrary particles. A review of unbiased number and size estimators and the presentation of some new ones. In: memory of William R. Thompson, Journal of Microscopy, 143, 3-45.
• [14]. Gundersen H.J, Jensen E.B. 1987. The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. Journal of Microscopy, 147, 229-263.
• [15]. Howard C.V., Reed M.G. 1998. Unbiased Stereology: Three-dimensional measurement in microscopy. 1st ed., BIOS Scientific Publishers, UK.
• [16]. Garcia-Finana M., Cruz-Orive L.M., Mackay C.E. 2003. Comparison of MR imaging against physical sectioning to estimate the volume of human cerebral compartments. Neuroimage. 18, 505-516.
• [17]. Turgut M., Turkkanitunc A., Aslan H. 2007. Effect of pinealectomy on the morphology of the chick cervical spinal cord: A stereological and histopathological study. Brain Research, 1129, 166-173.
• [18]. Slomianka L., West M.J. 2005. Estimators of the precision of stereological estimates: An example based on the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of rats. Neuroscience, 136, 757-767.
• [19]. Gundersen H.J.G., Jensen E.B.V., Kıeu K. 1999. The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology- reconsidered. Journal of Microscopy, 193, 199-211.
• [20]. Canan S., Sahin B., Odacı E. 2002. A stereological method used to calculate total volume, volume density and volume ratios: Cavalieri principle. Clincal Turkey Journal of Medical Science, 22, 7-14.
• [21]. Gundersen H.J.G., Bendtsen T.F., Korbo L. 1988. Some new, simple, and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. Acta Pathologica Et Microbiologica Scandinavica Section A-Pathology, 96, 379-394.
• [22]. Royet J.P. 1991. Stereology: a method for analysing images. Prog Neurobiology. 37, 433-474.
• [23]. Sahin B., Aslan H., Unal B. (2001) Brain volumes of the lamb rat and bird do not show hemispheric asymmetry: a stereological study. Image Analysis and Stereology, 20, 9-13.
• [24]. Mis L., Eski F., Yeltekin A.C. 2018. Plasma Macro and Trace Element Levels of Male Rats Vaccinated with GnRH Hormone. Fresenismus Environmental Bulletin, 27, 5085-5090.
• [25]. Bancroft J.D., Stivens A., Turner D.R. 1996. Theory and practice of histological technique. 4th ed., 15, 76-81 p. Churchill Livingstone.
• [26]. Odaci E., Bahadir A., Yildirim S. 2005. Volume Calculation and Clinical Use of Computerized Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Images Using Cavalieri Principle. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 25, 421-428.
• [27]. Begum F., Zhu W., Namaka M.P. 2010. A novel decalcification method for adult rodent bone for histological analysis of peripheral-central nervous system connections. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 187, 59-66.
• [28]. Waibl H. 1973. Zur Topographie der Medulla spinalis der Albinoratte (Rattus norvegicus). Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, 47, 5-42.
• [29]. Fritzgerald M.J.T. 1987. Anatomy and embriyology of the laboratory rat. Journal of Anatomy. 153, 256.
• [30]. Paxinos G. 2004. The Rat Nervous System. 3rd ed. Prince of Wales Medical Research Instıtute The University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia.
• [31]. Bolat D., Tipirdamaz S. 2011. Examination of spinal cord by stereological methods in leghorn chickens. University of Selcuk, Health Sciences Institute, Doctorate Thesis, Konya.
• [32]. Baumel E. 1966. Comparable neurology of domestic animals. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 203-289.
• [33]. Haziroglu R.M., Orhan I.O., Yildiz D. 2001. Morphology of the spinal cord in the chicken, duck and pigeon. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 25, 913-920.
• [34]. Nickel R., Schummer A., Seiferle E. 1977. Anatomy of the domestic birds. Parey New york: Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• [35]. Rahmanifar F., Mansouri S., Ghazi S. 2008. Histomorphometric study of the spinal cord segments in the chick and adult male ostrich (Struthio camelus). Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 4, 336-340.
• [36]. Braun A. 1950. Der segmentale feinbau des rückenmarks des pferdes. Acta Anatomica Basel. 10, 1-76.
• [37]. Thomas C., Combs C.M. 1965. Spinal cord segments. B. Gross structure in the adult monkey. American Journal of Anatomy, 116, 205-216.
• [38]. Ocal M., Haziroglu R.M. 1988. Comparative morphological studies on the spinal cord of the donkey (Equus asinus L.). Examination of transversal sections of segments. Veterinary Journal of Ankara University. 35, 55-68.
• [39]. Ko H., Park J.H., Shin Y.B. 2004. Gross quantitayive measurements of spinal cord in human. Spinal Cord, 42, 35-40.
• [40]. Portiansky L., Barbeito C.G., Goya R.G. 2004. Morphometry of cervical segments grey matter in the male rat spinal cord. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 139, 217-229.