Spor Tesislerinin Aydınlatmasında Yüksek Enerji Verimli ve LED’li Aydınlatma Araçları
Year 2021,
, 277 - 286, 21.03.2021
Duygu Yiğit Ünlü
,
Necmettin Şahin
Abstract
Spor sahalarının aydınlatması, aydınlatma uygulamasının özel bir kategorisidir. Oyun türüne ve seviyesine göre farklı aydınlatma seviyelerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Sporcuların ve seyircilerin görsel ihtiyaçlarının karşılaması amacıyla spor salonlarında yüksek miktarda enerji tüketilmektedir. Bunun için spor salonlarının aydınlatılmasında ekonomik ve sürdürülebilir yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ayrıca spor salonlarında elverişli ve sağlıklı görme koşullarının sağlanması sporcuları hem fizyolojik hem de psikolojik açıdan etkilemektedir. Elverişli ve sağlıklı görme koşullarının sağlanması uygun ve elverişli aydınlatma araçlarının ve standartlarının kullanılması ile gerçekleştirilebilir. Spor alanlarının aydınlatmasında Türkiye’de EN 12193 Işık ve Aydınlatma - Spor Aydınlatması kullanılmaktadır. Spor salonlarının aydınlatması bu standartlara göre gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu standartlar sporcular, hakemler, seyirciler ve TV iletimi için uygun görsel koşulların sağlaması ile ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada spor mekânlarındaki aydınlatma ve EN 12193 aydınlatma standartları ile ilgili temel bilgiler verilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada sürdürülebilir ve ekonomik aydınlatma araçları olan LED’lerin spor salonlarındaki kullanımlarından bahsedilmiştir.
References
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- Artuso P., Santiangeli A. 2008. Energy Solutions for Sports Facilities. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 33 (12): 3182-3187.
- Beusker E., Stoy C., Pollalis S.N. 2012. Estimation Model and Benchmarks for Heating Energy Consumption of Schools and Sport Facilities in Germany. Building and Environment, 49: 324-335.
- Boussabaine A.H. 2001. A Comparative Approach for Modelling the Cost of Energy in Sport Facilities. Facilities, 19: 194-203.
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- Fabio B., Chiara B., Ornella L.R., Laura B., Simonetta F. 2015. Non Visual Effects of Light: An Overview and an Italian Experience. Energy Procedia, 78: 723-728.
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Year 2021,
, 277 - 286, 21.03.2021
Duygu Yiğit Ünlü
,
Necmettin Şahin
References
- Prins R.G., Mohnen S.M., van Lenthe F.J., Brug J., Oenema A. 2012. Are Neighbourhood Social Capital and Availability of Sports Facilities Related to Sports Participation Among Dutch Adolescents? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9 (1): 90.
- Fried G., Kastel M. 2020. Managing Sport Facilities. Human Kinetics Publishers, USA.
Harger K., Humphreys B.R., Ross A. 2016. Do New Sports Facilities Attract New Businesses? Journal of Sports Economics, 17 (5): 483-500.
- Kozma G., Penzes J., Molnar E. 2016. Spatial Development of Sports Facilities in Hungarian Cities of County Rank. Bulletin of Geography Socio Economic Series, 31: 37-44.
- Milica I., Miomir V., Dragan K., Vuk M., Nikola C. 2014. Sports Facilities Sustainable Design. In Engineering: Integration of Science and Practice, Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 26-28 November, Moscow, Russia, pp: 96.
- Salis J.P., Suresh A., Shailesh K.R. 2019. Lighting Design of An Indoor Sports Facility-A Case Study. Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP), 25-28 February, India, pp: 1-5.
- Georgiou M., Polycarpou A. 2014. Comparison of HPS and LED Technology for Street Lighting Applications. 9th International Conference on Deregulated Electricity Market Issues in South-Eastern Europe (DEMSEE), 25-26 September, Cyprus, pp: 25-26.
- Parsons K.C. 2000. Environmental Ergonomics: A Review of Principles, Methods and Models. Applied Ergonomics, 31 (6): 581-594.
- Amorim R., Molina-Moreno V., Peña-García A. 2016. Proposal for Sustainable Dynamic Lighting in Sport Facilities to Decrease Violence Among Spectators. Sustainability, 8 (12): 1298.
- Tanaka T., Mukai K., Yamauchi M., Kochi M., Ikeda A., Kuzuhara H., Matsushita K., Hironobu G. 2015. A Study on Glare in A Sports Lighting Environment Using Led Lighting and Diffusion Plates. Journal Electrotechnica and Electronica, 50 (5-6): 30-35.
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- Fantozzi F., Leccese F., Salvadori G., Rocca M., Garofalo M. 2016. LED Lighting for Indoor Sports Facilities: Can Its Use Be Considered as Sustainable Solution from a Techno-Economic Standpoint? Sustainability, 8 (7): 618.
- Wan Norshafizan W.M., Mohamad Y.M., Norfishah W., Noor Hafizah A.A., Rosmalini A.K. 2010. Energy Efficient Lighting System Design for Building. International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation, 27-29 January, Liverpool, England, pp: 282-286.
- Williams A.M., Janelle C.M., Davids K. 2004. Constraints on the Search for Visual Information in Sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2 (3): 301-318.
- Tähkämö L., Partonen T., Pesonen A.K. 2019. Systematic Review of Light Exposure Impact on Human Circadian Rhythm. Chronobiology International, 36 (2): 151-170.
- Selvi Y., Özdemir P.G., Özdemir O., Aydın A., Beşiroğlu L. 2010. Sağlık Çalışanlarında Vardiyalı Çalışma Sisteminin Sebep Olduğu Genel Ruhsal Belirtiler ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Düşünen Adam Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi, 23 (4): 238-243.
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- Vandewalle G., Schwartz S., Grandjean D., Wuillaume C., Balteau E., Degueldre C., Maquet P. 2010. Spectral Quality of Light Modulates Emotional Brain Responses in Humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107 (45): 19549-19554.
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- Lee H. 2019. Effects of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting Color on Human Emotion, Behavior, and Spatial Impression. Michigan State University, ABD.
- Stafford A., Alexander K., Fry D. 2013. Playing Through Pain: Children and Young People's Experiences of Physical Aggression and Violence in Sport. Child Abuse Review, 22 (4): 287-299.
- Kimble N.B., Russo S.A., Bergman B.G., Galindo V.H. 2010. Revealing an Empirical Understanding of Aggression and Violent Behavior in Athletics. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15 (6): 446-462.
- Suresh A., Salis J.P., Shailesh K.R. 2019. Lighting Optimization to Save Energy in an Indoor Sports Facility. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8883019. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.06.2020).
- Fantozzi F., Leccese F., Salvadori G., Rocca M., Capranelli I. 2016. Opportunities for Energy Savings with Interventions on the Lighting Systems of Historical Buildings. 16th IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering, 6-8 June, Florence, Italy, pp: 1076-1081.
- Abas N., Khan N. 2015. Review of Fossil Fuels and Future Energy Technologies. Journal of Policy, Planning and Futures Studies, 69: 31-49.
- Gana C.K., Sapar A.F., Mun Y.C., Chong, K.E. 2013. Techno-Economic Analysis of LED Lighting: A Case Study in Utem's Faculty Building. Procedia Engineering, 53: 208-216.
- Polycarpou A., Yiannou I., Christofides N. 2016. Comparison of MH and LED Performance for Sport Lighting Application. Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion (MedPower 2016), 6-9 November, Belgrade, Serbia, pp: 21.
- Nakamura S. 2015. Nobel Lecture: Background Story of the Invention of Efficient Blue Ingan Light Emitting Diodes. Reviews of Modern Physics, 87 (4): 1139.
- Valentim A.A., Ferreira H.S., Coletto M.A. 2010. Led Lamps: Impact on Consumption and Power Factor. Revista Ciências do Ambiente On-Line, 6 (1): 29-33.
- Houser K.W., Royer M.P., Mistrick R.G. 2010. Light Loss Factors for Sports Lighting. Leukos, 6 (3): 183-201.
- Yavuz C., Yanıkoğlu E., Güler O. 2010. Determination of Real Energy Saving Potential of Daylight Responsive Systems: A Case Study from Turkey. Light and Engineering, 18 (2): 99-105.
- Artuso P., Santiangeli A. 2008. Energy Solutions for Sports Facilities. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 33 (12): 3182-3187.
- Beusker E., Stoy C., Pollalis S.N. 2012. Estimation Model and Benchmarks for Heating Energy Consumption of Schools and Sport Facilities in Germany. Building and Environment, 49: 324-335.
- Boussabaine A.H. 2001. A Comparative Approach for Modelling the Cost of Energy in Sport Facilities. Facilities, 19: 194-203.
- Houser K.W., Wei M., Royer M.P. 2011. Illuminance Uniformity of Outdoor Sports Lighting. Leukos, 7 (4): 221-235.
- European Committee for Standardization 2007. EN 12193: Light and Lighting, Sports Lighting. https://shop.bsigroup.com/en/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030164245. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.06.2020).
- Boyce P., Raynham P. 2009. The SLL Lighting Handbook. Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London.
- Sheard R. 2014. Sports Architecture. Taylor & Francis, London.
- Di Pede M., Leccese F., Salvadori G., Di Ciolo E., Piccini S. 2017. On the Vertical Illuminance in Indoor Sport Facilities: Innovative Measurement Procedure to Verify International Standard Requirements in Fencing Halls. IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, 6-9 June, Milan, Italy, pp: 1-6.
- Fabio B., Chiara B., Ornella L.R., Laura B., Simonetta F. 2015. Non Visual Effects of Light: An Overview and an Italian Experience. Energy Procedia, 78: 723-728.
- Ferlazzo F., Piccardi L., Burattini C., Barbalace M., Giannini A.M., Bisegna F. 2014. Effects of New Light Sources on Task Switching and Mental Rotation Performance. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 39: 92-100.
- Leccese F., Salvadori G., Casini M., Bertozzi M. 2012. Lighting of Indoor Work Places: Risk Assessment Procedure. WIT Transactions on Information and Communication Technologies, 44: 89-101.