İki Endemik Symphytum Taksonunun Anatomik, Ekolojik ve Tüy Morfolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 1006 - 1023, 26.09.2020

Hatice Yakupoğlu Nezahat Kandemir , Arzu Cansaran

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.633764

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada, Symphytum bornmuelleri ve Symphytum aintabicum’un anatomik,
ekolojik ve tüy morfolojik özellikleri karşılaştırıldı ve onların taksonomik
olarak değerli olan özellikleri tespit edildi. Bu türler Türkiye’nin endemik
Öksin ve Doğu Akdeniz elementidir ve limitli yayılışa sahiptirler. Taksonların
anatomik incelemeleri ışık ve stero mikroskoplar kullanılarak yapıldı. Anatomik
incelemelerde, türlerin kök, gövde ve yaprağından enine kesitler alındı ve
yaprakların alt ve üst yüzeylerinden yüzelsel kesitler alındı. S. bornmuelleri ve S. aintabicum mezofil yapı bakımından bifasiyel yapraklara
sahiptir. Stomalar yaprakların hem alt hemde üst yüzeylerinde gözlendi. S. aintabicum da stomalar anomositik ve
anisositik tipte iken, S. bornmuelleri
de stomalar anomositik tiptedir. Vejetatif ve generatif organlar üzerinde
farklı büyüklükte düz ve çengelli örtü tüyleri ve sap hücre sayıları ve baş
kısımları farklı kapitat salgı tüyleri görüldü. Gövde korteksindeki kollenkima
ve parankimanın tabaka sayısı, iletim demetleri arasındaki sklerenkimanın
tabaka sayısı, iletim demetlerinin durumu, gövde korteksindeki kollenkima ve parankima
tabakalarının düzeni, kutikula ve epidermadaki mikropapilla ve papillaların
yoğunluğu, stoma indeksi, stoma tipleri, epiderma hücrelerinin kenar yapısı ve
kapitat salgı tüylerinin sap hücre sayısı ve baş yapısı çok değerli ayırtedici
anatomik karakterler olarak belirlendi. Toprak örnekleri bu türlerin çiçeklenme
peryotlarında alındı ve toprak örneklerinin fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri
tespit edildi. Türler ikilli-tınlı ve tınlı, tuzsuz, hafif alkali, orta
derecede kireçli, zengin organik madde, azot, fosfor ve potasyum içeren
topraklarda yayılış göstermektedir.

Keywords

Symphytum Taksonları, Endemik, Anatomi, Ekoloji

Investigation of Anatomical, Ecological and Trichome Morphological Features of Two Endemic Symphytum Taxa (Boraginaceae)

Abstract

In
this study, anatomical, ecological and trichome morphology features of Symphytum bornmuelleri and Symphytum aintabicum were compared and
identified their valuable features taxonomically. These species are endemic
Euxine and East Mediterranean element of Turkey and have limited distribution.
Anatomical investigations of taxa were made using light and stereo-microscopes.
In anatomical investigaions, the cross-sections were taken from root, stem and
leaves of species, and the surface-sections were taken from upper and lower
surfaces of leaves. S. bornmuelleri
and S. aintabicum have bifacial
leaves in terms of mesophyll structure. Stomata were observed on both upper and
lower surfaces of the leaves. Stomata are anomocytic type in S. bornmuelleri, while stomata were
anomocytic and anisocytic types in S.
aintabicum. Straight and hooked eglandular trichomes in different sizes and
capitate glandular trichomes with different number of stalk cells and head
part, were seen on vegetative and generative organs. The number of layers of
collenchyma and parenchyma in the stem cortex, the number of layer of
sclerenchyma between the vascular bundles, the status of the vascular bundles,
the arrangement of collenchyma and paranchyma layers in stem cortex, the
density of micropapilla and papillae in the cuticle and epiderma, stoma index,
stoma types, the margin structure of epiderma cells and number of stalk cell
and head structure of capitate trichomes were detected very valuable as
distinguishing anatomical characters. Soil samples were taken during flowering
periods of these species and the physical and chemical properties of soil
samples were determined. The species depict a distribution on the soil
containing clayey-loamy, loamy, saltless, slightly alkaline, medium degree
calcareous, rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.  

References

• References[1] Langsrom E., Chase M.W. 2002. Tribes of Boraginoideae (Boraginaceae) and placement of Antiphytum, Echiochilon, Orgastemma and Sericostoma: a phylogenetic analysis based on atpB plastid DNA sequence data. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 234: 137-153.
• [2] Hilger H.H., Selvi F., Papini A., Bigazzi M. 2004. Molecular systematics of Boraginaceae tribe Boragineae based on ITS1 and trnL sequences, with special reference to Anchusa s.l. Annales of Botany, 94: 201-212.
• [3] Retief E., Van Wyk A. 2008. The genus Wellstedia (Boraginaceae: Wellstedioideae) in Southern Africa. Bothalia, 38:57-63.
• [4] Hacıoğlu T. B., Erik S. 2011. Phylogeny of Symphytum L. (Boraginaceae) with special emphasis on Turkish species. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 (69):15483-15493.
• [5] Tarıkahya B., Erik S. 2010.Taxonomy of Symphytum asperum Lepechin and S. sylvaticum Boiss.(Boraginaceae) based on Macro- and Micro-morphology. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 38 (1): 47-61.
• [6] Hacıoğlu B.T., Erik S. 2013. Revision of Symphytum (Boraginaceae) species growing in Turkey. The Herb Journal of Systematic Botany, 20 (1): 23-74.
• [7] Gürbüz A. 1980. The Medicinal Plants, 98 pp. Istanbul.
• [8] Baytop T. 1984. Treatments with plants in Turkey, Istanbul University Publication, 321 pp. Istanbul.
• [9] Hiermann A., Writzel M. 1998. Antiphlogistic glycopeptide from the roots of Symphytum officinale. Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Letters, 8:154-157.
• [10] Kurucu S., Kartal M., Choudary I.M. Topçu G. 2002. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Symphytum sylvaticum Boiss. subsp. sepulcrale (Boiss.& Bal.) Greuter & Burdet var. sepulcrale and Symphytum aintabicum Hub.-Mor. & Wickens. Turk Journal of Chemistry, 26: 195-199.
• [11] Rode D. 2002. Comfrey toxicity revisited. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 23(11): 497-499.
• [12] Roman G.P., Neagu E., Moroeanu V., Radu G.L. 2008. Concentration of Symphytum officinale extracts with cytostatic activity by tangential flow ultrafiltration. Roumanian Biotechnological Letters, 13: 4008-4013.
• [13] Vogl S., Picker P., Mihaly-Bison J., Fakhrudin N., Atanasov A.G., Heiss E.H.,Wawrosch C.,Reznicek G., Dirsch V.M., Saukel J., Kopp B. 2013. Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria’s folk medicine-An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 149(3): 750-771
• [14] Gomes M.F., Massoco O.C., Xavier J.G., Bonamin V.L. 2010. Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) and experimental hepatic carcinogenesis: A short carcinogenesis mosel study. Evidance Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 72 (2): 197-202.
• [15] Weiss R.F. 1991. Herbal Medicine, Beacons field Publishers Ltd., Beacons field-England, 334-335.
• [16] Betz C.L, Hunsberger M., Wright S. 1994. Family Centered Nursing Care of Children. Second edition, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 703-724.
• [17] Frost R., Macpherson H., O'meara S. 2013. A critical scoping review of external uses of comfrey (Symphytum spp.) Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 21 (6): 724-745.
• [18] Alkan F.U., Anlas C., Üstüner O., Bakırel T., Sarı A.B. 2014. Antioxidant and proliferative effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Symphytum officinale on 3T3 Swiss albino Mouse fibroblast cell line. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 4(4):62-68.
• [19] Kartal M., Kurucu S., Choudary I.M. 2001. Antifungal activities of different extracts and Echimidine-N-oxide from Symphytum sylvaticum Boiss. subsp. sepulcrale (Boiss.& Bal.) Greuter & Burdet var. sepulcrale. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 31: 487-492.
• [20] Talhouk R.S., Karam C., Fostok S., El-Jouni W., Barbour E.K. 2007. Antiinflammatory Bioactivities in Plant Extracts. Journal of Medicinal Food. 10:1-10.
• [21] Neagu E., Paun G., Radu L.G. 2011. Phytochemical study of some Symphytum officinalis extracts concentrated by membranous procedures. UPB Scientetic Bulletin, Series B, 73(3):65-74.
• [22] Vostinaru O., Conea S., Mogosani C., Toma C.C., Borza C.C., Vlase L. 2018. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect of Symphytum officinale root. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 23 (6): 14160-14167.
• [23] Bucknall C. 1913. A revision of the genus Symphytum. Journal of the Linnean Society of Botany, 41: 491–556.
• [24] Sandbrink J.M., Van Brederode J., Gadella T.W.J. 1990. Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Symphytum L. (Boraginaceae). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 93 (3): 295-334.
• [25] Wickens G. 1978. Symphytum L. in Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edited by Davis PH, Vol. 6, Edinburgh: Edinburg Univ Press, 378-386.
• [26] Çelebioğlu S., Baytop T. 1949. A new reagent for microscopical investigation of plant. Publication of the Institute of Pharmacognosy, 301pp. İstanbul.
• [27] Meidner H., Mansfield T.A. 1968. Physiology of Stomata. McGraw-Hill, 179 pp. London.
• [28] Werker E., Putievsky E., Ravid U. 1985. The essential oils and glandular hairs in different chemotypes of Origanum vulgare L. Annals of Botany, 55: 793-801.
• [29] Tarıkahya B. 2010. The Revision of Turkish Symphytum L. (Boraginaceae) Genus. Hacettepe University, Institute for the Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, PhD thesis, 256 pp, Ankara.
• [30] Kaçar B. 1996. Chemical analysis of plant and soil. Foundation of Education Research and Development Publication, 96-170.
• [31] Akçin A.T., Ulu Ş. 2007. A Morphological and Anatomical Study on Anchusa leptophylla Roemer & Schultes (Boraginaceae) Distributed in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 31;317-325.
• [32] Akçin A.T., Ulu Ş., Akçin A. 2010. Morphological, anatomical and numerical studies on some Anchusa L. (Boraginaceae) taxa from Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(4): 2231-2247.
• [33]Yousefi M. 2010. Morphological and Anatomical study of threatened endemic Heliocarya monandra Bge. (Boraginaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 16 (2): 273-281.
• [34]Yeşil Y. 2017. Anatomical investigations of Nonea dumanii (Boraginaceae) Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 21 (4): 804-809.
• [35] Kandemir N., Çelik A., Shah N.S. 2019. Comparative micro-anatomical and morphometric investigation of genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) found in Turkey. Flora, (in print).
• [36] Hoyam O.A., Maha A.K. 2012. Leaf and stem anatomy of five species from the genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) in Sudan. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4 (10): 4575-4581.
• [37] Kasem W.T. 2015. Anatomical and micromorphological studies on seven species of Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in South West of Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6: 1370-137.
• [38] Joubert A.M., Verhoeven R.L., Venter H.J.T. 1984. An anatomical investigation of the stem and leaf of the South African species of Lycium (Solanaceae). South African Journal of Botany, 3: 219-230.
• [39] Güven S., Beyazoğlu O., Makbul S., Türkmen Z., Kandemir A. 2013. Anatomical features of six Onosma L. (Boragınaceae) specıes from Turkey. Iranian Journal of Botany, 19 (1): 94-103.
• [40] Metcalfe C.R., Chalk L. 1979. Anatomy of Dicotyledones I. Oxford Sciences Publications, 288 pp. London.
• [41] Özörgücü B., Gemici Y., Türkan I.1991. Comparative Plant Anatomy. Ege University Faculty of Science publication, 127pp. İzmir.
• [42] Dasti A.A., Bokhari T.Z., Malik S.A., Robina A. 2003. Epidermal morphology in some members of family Boraginaceae in Baluchestan. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2 (1): 42-47.
• [43] Selvi F., Bigazzi M. 2001. Leaf surface and anatomy in Boraginaceae tribe Boragineae with respect to ecology and taxonomy. Flora, 196: 269-285.
• [44] Bigazzi M., Selvi F. 1998. Pollen morphology in the Boragineae Bercht. & J. Presl (Boraginaceae) in relation to the taxonomy of tribe. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 213: 121-151.
• [45] Akçin Ö.E., Kandemir N., Akçin Y. 2004. A morphological and anatomical study on a medicinal and edible Plant Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) in the Black Sea Region. Turkish Journal of Botany, 28: 435-442.
• [46] Metcalfe C.R., Chalk L. 1950. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons II, Oxford Clarendon Press, 806 pp. Oxford.
• [47] Navarro T., El Qualidi J. 2000. Trichome morphology in Teucrium L. (Labiatae), a taxonomic review. Anales del Jardin Botanica de Madrid, 57: 277-297.
• [48] Diane N., Jacob C., Hilger H.H. 2003. Leaf anatomy and foliar trichomes in Heliotropiaceae and their systematic relevance. Flora, 198: 468-485.
• [49] Xiang C-Lei., Dong Z-Hui., Peng H., Liu Z-Wen. 2010. Trichome micromorphology of the East Asiatic genus Chelonopsis (Lamiaceae) and its systematic implications. Flora, 205: 434-441.
• [50] Kandemir N., 2011. Trichomes on Salvia pomifera (Lamiaceae) in Turkey. Botanica Lithuanica 17 (1): 3-11.
• [51] Alwahibi M., Bukhary N. 2013. Anatomical study of four species of Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) from Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Plant Sciences, 7 (1): 35-42.