Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 544 - 556, 27.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1263557

Abstract

References

  • [1] A.C. Aydin, S.G. Özkaya, "The finite element analysis of collapse loads of single-spanned historic masonry arch bridges (Ordu, Sarpdere Bridge)," Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 84, pp. 131-138, 2018.
  • [2] A. Bayraktar, E. Hökelekli, "Nonlinear soil deformability effects on the seismic damage mechanisms of brick and stone masonry arch bridges," International Journal of Damage Mechanics, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 431-452, 2021.
  • [3] O. Bergamo, G. Campione, C. Cucchiara, G. Russo, "Structural behavior of the old masonry bridge in the Gulf of Castellammare," Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 62, pp. 188-198, 2016.
  • [4] B. Conde, L. Díaz-Vilariño, S. Lagüela, P. Arias, "Structural analysis of Monforte de Lemos masonry arch bridge considering the influence of the geometry of the arches and fill material on the collapse load estimation," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 120, pp. 630-642, 2016.
  • [5] B. Conde, J.C. Matos, D.V. Oliveira, B. Riveiro, "Probabilistic-based structural assessment of a historic stone arch bridge," Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 379-391, 2021.
  • [6] S. Gönen, S. Soyöz, "Seismic analysis of a masonry arch bridge using multiple methodologies," Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 226, 111354, 2021.
  • [7] H. Güllü, H.S. Jaf, "Full 3D nonlinear time history analysis of dynamic soil–structure interaction for a historical masonry arch bridge," Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 75, 1421, 2016.
  • [8] M. Naderi, M. Zekavati, "Assessment of seismic behavior stone bridge using a finite element method and discrete element method," Earthquakes and Structures, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 297-303, 2018.
  • [9] E.N. Rovithis, K.D. Pitilakis, "Seismic assessment and retrofitting measures of a historic stone masonry bridge," Earthquakes and Structures, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 645-667, 2016.
  • [10] Ö. Saygılı, J.V. Lemos, "Seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry arch bridges," Structures, vol. 33, pp. 3311-3323, 2021.
  • [11] E. Sayin, "Nonlinear seismic response of a masonry arch bridge," Earthquakes and Structures, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 483-494, 2016.
  • [12] N. Simos, G.C. Manos, E. Kozikopoulos, "Near- and far-field earthquake damage study of the Konitsa stone arch bridge," Engineering Structures, vol. 177, pp. 256-267, 2018.
  • [13] G. Zani, P. Martinelli, A. Galli, M.d. Prisco, "Three-dimensional modelling of a multi-span masonry arch bridge: Influence of soil compressibility on the structural response under vertical static loads," Engineering Structures, vol. 221, 110998, 2020.
  • [14] M. Karalar, M. Çavuşli, "Performance Evaluation of Historical Rombaki Masonry Building," Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 226-247, 2020.
  • [15] M. Karaton, H.S. Aksoy, E. Sayın, Y. Calayır, "Nonlinear seismic performance of a 12th century historical masonry bridge under different earthquake levels," Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 79, pp. 408-421, 2017.
  • [16] A. Rafiee, M. Vinches, "Mechanical behaviour of a stone masonry bridge assessed using animplicit discrete element method," Engineering Structures, vol. 48, pp. 739-749, 2013.
  • [17] S. Akkar, T. Azak, T. Çan, U. Çeken, M.B. Demircioğlu, T.Y. Duman, M. Erdik, F.T. Ergintav, S. Kadirioğlu, D. Kalafat, Ö. Kale, R.F. Kartal, K. Kekovalı, T. Kılıç, S. Özalp, S. Poyraz Altuncu, K. Şeşetyan, S. Tekin, A. Yakut, M.T. Yılmaz, M.S. Yücemen, Ö. Zülfikar, "Updated Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Maps for Türkiye," PSHA Workshop, Future directions for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment at a local, national and transnational scale 5 to 7 September 2017, Lenzburg Switzerland, 2017.
  • [18] Itasca, Inc. FLAC version 5 user manual. Minneapolis, USA: Itasca Consulting Group, Inc.: 2002.
  • [19] AFAD, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency. Retrieved from https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/event-catalog, 2023.
  • [20] M. Cavuslu, " Evaluating effects of various water levels on long-term creep and earthquake performance of masonry arch bridges using finite difference method," Geomechanics and Engineering, vol. 31, pp. 31-52, 2022.
  • [21] M. Cavuslu, " 3D seismic assessment of historical stone arch bridges considering effects of normal-shear directions of stiffness parameters between discrete stone elements," Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 83, pp. 207-227, 2022.
  • [22] Ö. F. Nemutlu , İ. Güzel , B. Balun , M. Öztürk and A. Sarı, "Nonlinear Seismic Assessment of Historical Masonry Karaz Bridge Under Different Ground Motion Records", Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 247-260, 2023.
  • [23] G. B. Sakcalı, A. Gönül, M. B. Bağbancı, İ. Yüksel, “Linear/Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis and Prediction of Failure Mechanism of Irgandi Bridge”, Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 1248–1261, 2022.
  • [24] E. G. Yılmaz, E. Sayın, A. Özmen, "Dynamic Analysis of Historical Masonry Arch Bridges under Different Earthquakes: The Case of Murat Bey Bridge", Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 17, pp. 461-473, 2022.
  • [25] B. Şeker, M. Özkaynak, "Investigation of Structural Performance of Historical Amasya Hundi Hatun Bridge", Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 109-120, 2022.
  • [26] S. Şeker, H. Şahin, "Evaluation of the Seismic Behavior of the Historic Clandras Bridge" Usak University Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2022.

Assessing Seismic Crack Performance of Diyarbakır Çüngüş Masonry Stone Bridge Considering 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Malatya, Gaziantep Earthquakes

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 544 - 556, 27.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1263557

Abstract

Examination of the creep behavior of historical buildings and interpretation of seismic failures in historical buildings are of great importance for the safety and future of these important structures. In this study, time-dependent settlement and three-dimensional (3D) seismic analyzes of a historical stone bridge are investigated using the 3D discrete element modeling technique. For the settlement and seismic analyses, the historical single-span Çüngüş bridge which was built in the 18th century in Diyarbakır-Turkey by Ottoman Empire is used. Since Diyarbakır is in a dangerous zone according to the Turkey seismic map, the examination of this structure is very critical for the history of Turkey. The 3D model of the bridge is created using the FLAC3D program based on the finite difference method and all the stone elements in the historical bridge are modeled separately as blocks. Special interaction elements are defined between the discretely modeled stones. For settlement creep analyses, the Burger-creep material model, which was not used for the creep behavior of historical buildings in the past, is utilized. Firstly, the 500-year long-term creep behavior of the bridge is examined by considering the fix boundary condition and full reservoir condition. According to the creep analyses, it is seen that the most deformation and failure section of the bridge is the arch section. Then, for the seismic analyses of the bridge, free-field and quiet non-reflecting boundary conditions are defined in the model. Furthermore, hysteresis damping coefficients are taken into account in seismic analyzes with the help of special fish functions. 10 various earthquakes are considered for seismic analyses. According to the earthquake analyses, the earthquake behavior of the Çüngüş historical bridge is assessed by considering the full reservoir condition and it is understood that 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Malatya, Gaziantep earthquakes significantly changed the seismic safety behavior of Çüngüş single-span historical bridge.

References

  • [1] A.C. Aydin, S.G. Özkaya, "The finite element analysis of collapse loads of single-spanned historic masonry arch bridges (Ordu, Sarpdere Bridge)," Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 84, pp. 131-138, 2018.
  • [2] A. Bayraktar, E. Hökelekli, "Nonlinear soil deformability effects on the seismic damage mechanisms of brick and stone masonry arch bridges," International Journal of Damage Mechanics, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 431-452, 2021.
  • [3] O. Bergamo, G. Campione, C. Cucchiara, G. Russo, "Structural behavior of the old masonry bridge in the Gulf of Castellammare," Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 62, pp. 188-198, 2016.
  • [4] B. Conde, L. Díaz-Vilariño, S. Lagüela, P. Arias, "Structural analysis of Monforte de Lemos masonry arch bridge considering the influence of the geometry of the arches and fill material on the collapse load estimation," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 120, pp. 630-642, 2016.
  • [5] B. Conde, J.C. Matos, D.V. Oliveira, B. Riveiro, "Probabilistic-based structural assessment of a historic stone arch bridge," Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 379-391, 2021.
  • [6] S. Gönen, S. Soyöz, "Seismic analysis of a masonry arch bridge using multiple methodologies," Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 226, 111354, 2021.
  • [7] H. Güllü, H.S. Jaf, "Full 3D nonlinear time history analysis of dynamic soil–structure interaction for a historical masonry arch bridge," Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 75, 1421, 2016.
  • [8] M. Naderi, M. Zekavati, "Assessment of seismic behavior stone bridge using a finite element method and discrete element method," Earthquakes and Structures, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 297-303, 2018.
  • [9] E.N. Rovithis, K.D. Pitilakis, "Seismic assessment and retrofitting measures of a historic stone masonry bridge," Earthquakes and Structures, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 645-667, 2016.
  • [10] Ö. Saygılı, J.V. Lemos, "Seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry arch bridges," Structures, vol. 33, pp. 3311-3323, 2021.
  • [11] E. Sayin, "Nonlinear seismic response of a masonry arch bridge," Earthquakes and Structures, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 483-494, 2016.
  • [12] N. Simos, G.C. Manos, E. Kozikopoulos, "Near- and far-field earthquake damage study of the Konitsa stone arch bridge," Engineering Structures, vol. 177, pp. 256-267, 2018.
  • [13] G. Zani, P. Martinelli, A. Galli, M.d. Prisco, "Three-dimensional modelling of a multi-span masonry arch bridge: Influence of soil compressibility on the structural response under vertical static loads," Engineering Structures, vol. 221, 110998, 2020.
  • [14] M. Karalar, M. Çavuşli, "Performance Evaluation of Historical Rombaki Masonry Building," Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 226-247, 2020.
  • [15] M. Karaton, H.S. Aksoy, E. Sayın, Y. Calayır, "Nonlinear seismic performance of a 12th century historical masonry bridge under different earthquake levels," Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 79, pp. 408-421, 2017.
  • [16] A. Rafiee, M. Vinches, "Mechanical behaviour of a stone masonry bridge assessed using animplicit discrete element method," Engineering Structures, vol. 48, pp. 739-749, 2013.
  • [17] S. Akkar, T. Azak, T. Çan, U. Çeken, M.B. Demircioğlu, T.Y. Duman, M. Erdik, F.T. Ergintav, S. Kadirioğlu, D. Kalafat, Ö. Kale, R.F. Kartal, K. Kekovalı, T. Kılıç, S. Özalp, S. Poyraz Altuncu, K. Şeşetyan, S. Tekin, A. Yakut, M.T. Yılmaz, M.S. Yücemen, Ö. Zülfikar, "Updated Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Maps for Türkiye," PSHA Workshop, Future directions for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment at a local, national and transnational scale 5 to 7 September 2017, Lenzburg Switzerland, 2017.
  • [18] Itasca, Inc. FLAC version 5 user manual. Minneapolis, USA: Itasca Consulting Group, Inc.: 2002.
  • [19] AFAD, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency. Retrieved from https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/event-catalog, 2023.
  • [20] M. Cavuslu, " Evaluating effects of various water levels on long-term creep and earthquake performance of masonry arch bridges using finite difference method," Geomechanics and Engineering, vol. 31, pp. 31-52, 2022.
  • [21] M. Cavuslu, " 3D seismic assessment of historical stone arch bridges considering effects of normal-shear directions of stiffness parameters between discrete stone elements," Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 83, pp. 207-227, 2022.
  • [22] Ö. F. Nemutlu , İ. Güzel , B. Balun , M. Öztürk and A. Sarı, "Nonlinear Seismic Assessment of Historical Masonry Karaz Bridge Under Different Ground Motion Records", Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 247-260, 2023.
  • [23] G. B. Sakcalı, A. Gönül, M. B. Bağbancı, İ. Yüksel, “Linear/Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis and Prediction of Failure Mechanism of Irgandi Bridge”, Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 1248–1261, 2022.
  • [24] E. G. Yılmaz, E. Sayın, A. Özmen, "Dynamic Analysis of Historical Masonry Arch Bridges under Different Earthquakes: The Case of Murat Bey Bridge", Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 17, pp. 461-473, 2022.
  • [25] B. Şeker, M. Özkaynak, "Investigation of Structural Performance of Historical Amasya Hundi Hatun Bridge", Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 109-120, 2022.
  • [26] S. Şeker, H. Şahin, "Evaluation of the Seismic Behavior of the Historic Clandras Bridge" Usak University Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2022.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering, Infrastructure Engineering and Asset Management
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Murat Çavuşlu 0000-0002-2285-8513

Early Pub Date June 27, 2023
Publication Date June 27, 2023
Submission Date March 11, 2023
Acceptance Date May 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE M. Çavuşlu, “Assessing Seismic Crack Performance of Diyarbakır Çüngüş Masonry Stone Bridge Considering 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Malatya, Gaziantep Earthquakes”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 544–556, 2023, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1263557.

Bitlis Eren University
Journal of Science Editor
Bitlis Eren University Graduate Institute
Bes Minare Mah. Ahmet Eren Bulvari, Merkez Kampus, 13000 BITLIS