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Geotechnical and Structural Investigations in Malatya Province after Kahramanmaraş Earthquake on February 6, 2023

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 686 - 703, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1282555

Abstract

Two earthquakes with moment magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6 occured on February 6, 2023, at 04:17 a.m. (with local time, GMT+3) in Kahramanmaraş-Ekinözü Pazarcık and at 13:24 p.m. (with local time, GMT+3) in Kahramanmaraş-Elbistan, respectively, in Turkey. The earthquake was felt in a wide area within Turkey and caused structural destructions and heavy damage of buildings, especially in eleven cities including Adana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa and Elazığ. The aim of this study was to present the detailed field investigation in Malatya province which was one of the most affected city in the region. The strong ground motion records have been analyzed and PGA distribution maps were presented. Structural defects in damaged and collapsed buildings were examined, and design and manufacturing defects were examined. The performance of soil structures was examined, and the defects demonstrated were evaluated in the context of the geological environment. The study is essential in terms of evaluating the damage and possible causes of the building stock in Malatya city center and its districts after the earthquake. In this sense, a holistic evaluation has been carried out, which can be a useful resource for Anatolian cities with typical building characteristics.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 1002C

Thanks

The data and pictures used in the study were partially compiled from the project final report supported by the TUBITAK 1002C program.

References

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  • [17] H. Alkan, A. Büyüksaraç, Ö. Bektaş, and E. Işık, “Coulomb stress change before and after 24.01.2020 Sivrice (Elazığ) Earthquake (Mw = 6.8) on the East Anatolian Fault Zone,” Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 14, no. 23, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s12517-021-09080-1.
  • [18] MTA, “http://www.mta.gov.tr.” .
  • [19] Ö. Yıldız, “Seismic site characterization of Battalgazi in Malatya, Turkey,” Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 15, no. 9, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12517-022-10170-x.
  • [20] Ö. Yildiz, “Influence of input motion and surface layer properties on seismic site response: A stochastic simulation method–based MLR model,” Near Surface Geophysics, 2023, doi: 10.1002/nsg.12255.
  • [21] Ö. Yıldız and Ç. Ceylan, “Geotechnical characterization of zeolite-sand and bentonite-sand mixtures,” Acta Geotechnica Slovenica, vol. 2, pp. 15–32, 2022.
  • [22] Turkish Seismic Code (TSC-2018), “Building earthquake code of Turkey,” Ankara, 2018.
  • [23] Turkish Standard (TS500), “Requirements for design and construction of reinforced concrete structures,” Ankara, 2000.
  • [24] Turkish Seismic Code (TSC-1975), “Regulations for the structures to be built in disaster areas,” Ankara, 1975.
  • [25] Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TSC-2007), “Regulations for the buildings to be built in earthquakes areas,” Ankara, 2007.
Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 686 - 703, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1282555

Abstract

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 1002C

References

  • [1] https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/event-catalog)., “AFAD.” .
  • [2] İ. Yüksel, “Betonarme Binaların Deprem Sonrası Acil Hasar Değerlendirmeleri,” Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 1–2, pp. 260–276, 2008.
  • [3] Z. Celep, Deprem Mühendisliğine Giriş ve Depreme Dayanıklı Yapı Tasarımı. 2015.
  • [4] Ö. F. Nemutlu, B. Balun, and A. Sarı, “Damage assessment of buildings after 24 January 2020 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake,” Earthquake and Structures, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 325–335, 2021, doi: 10.12989/eas.2021.20.3.325.
  • [5] E. Sayın, B. Yön, O. Onat, M. Gör, M. E. Öncü, E. T. Tunç, D. Bakır, M. Karaton, and Y. Calayır, “24 January 2020 Sivrice-Elazığ, Turkey earthquake: geotechnical evaluation and performance of structures,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 657–684, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10518-020-01018-4.
  • [6] E. Işik, M. C. Aydin and A. Büyüksaraç, “24 January 2020 Sivrice (Elaziğ) earthquake damages and determination of earthquake parameters in the region,” Earthquake and Structures, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 145–156, 2020, doi: 10.12989/eas.2020.19.2.145.
  • [7] H. Bilgin, N. Shkodrani, M. Hysenlliu, H. Baytan Ozmen, E. Isik, and E. Harirchian, “Damage and performance evaluation of masonry buildings constructed in 1970s during the 2019 Albania earthquakes,” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 131, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105824.
  • [8] E. Işik, Y. L. Ekinci, N. L. Sayil, A. Büyüksaraç, and M. C. Aydin, “Time-dependent model for earthquake occurrence and effects of design spectra on structural performance: a case study from the north anatolian fault zone, Turkey,” Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 215–234, 2021, doi: 10.3906/yer-2004-20.
  • [9] O. F. Nemutlu, B. Balun, and A. Sari, “Assessment of Earthquake Preparedness of Existing Buildings: Example of Bingöl Province,” Turk Deprem Arastirma Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 92–109, 2021, doi: 10.46464/tdad.932452.
  • [10] B. Balun, Ö. F. Nemutlu, A. Benli, and A. Sari, “Estimation of probabilistic hazard for Bingol province, Turkey,” Earthquake and Structures, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 223–231, 2020, doi: 10.12989/eas.2020.18.2.223.
  • [11] E. Işık, “Comparative investigation of seismic and structural parameters of earthquakes (M ≥ 6) after 1900 in Turkey,” Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 15, no. 10, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12517-022-10255-7.
  • [12] E. Işık, F. Avcil, A. Büyüksaraç, R. İzol, M. H. Arslan, C. Aksoylu, E. Harirchian, O. Eyisüren, E. Arkan, M. Ş. Güngür, M. Günay, and H. Ulutaş, “Structural damages in masonry buildings in Adıyaman during the Kahramanmaraş (Turkiye) earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) on 06 February 2023,” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 151, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107405.
  • [13] E. Işık, F. Avcil, E. Arkan, A. Büyüksaraç, R. İzol, and M. Topalan, “Structural damage evaluation of mosques and minarets in Adıyaman due to the 06 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes,” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 151, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107345.
  • [14] İ. Kocaman, “The effect of the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) on historical masonry mosques and minarets,” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 149, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107225.
  • [15] M. Erdik, “Earthquake risk in Turkey,” Science, vol. 341, no. 6147, pp. 724–725, 2013, doi: 10.1126/science.1238945.
  • [16] R. Demirtaş and C. Erkmen, “Doğu Anadolu Fay Sistemi Deprem Etkinliği- Gelecek Deprem Potansiyeli,” no. March, 2019.
  • [17] H. Alkan, A. Büyüksaraç, Ö. Bektaş, and E. Işık, “Coulomb stress change before and after 24.01.2020 Sivrice (Elazığ) Earthquake (Mw = 6.8) on the East Anatolian Fault Zone,” Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 14, no. 23, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s12517-021-09080-1.
  • [18] MTA, “http://www.mta.gov.tr.” .
  • [19] Ö. Yıldız, “Seismic site characterization of Battalgazi in Malatya, Turkey,” Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 15, no. 9, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12517-022-10170-x.
  • [20] Ö. Yildiz, “Influence of input motion and surface layer properties on seismic site response: A stochastic simulation method–based MLR model,” Near Surface Geophysics, 2023, doi: 10.1002/nsg.12255.
  • [21] Ö. Yıldız and Ç. Ceylan, “Geotechnical characterization of zeolite-sand and bentonite-sand mixtures,” Acta Geotechnica Slovenica, vol. 2, pp. 15–32, 2022.
  • [22] Turkish Seismic Code (TSC-2018), “Building earthquake code of Turkey,” Ankara, 2018.
  • [23] Turkish Standard (TS500), “Requirements for design and construction of reinforced concrete structures,” Ankara, 2000.
  • [24] Turkish Seismic Code (TSC-1975), “Regulations for the structures to be built in disaster areas,” Ankara, 1975.
  • [25] Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TSC-2007), “Regulations for the buildings to be built in earthquakes areas,” Ankara, 2007.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Özgür Yıldız 0000-0002-3684-3750

Ceren Kına 0000-0002-2054-3323

Project Number TÜBİTAK 1002C
Early Pub Date September 23, 2023
Publication Date September 28, 2023
Submission Date April 13, 2023
Acceptance Date August 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

IEEE Ö. Yıldız and C. Kına, “Geotechnical and Structural Investigations in Malatya Province after Kahramanmaraş Earthquake on February 6, 2023”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 686–703, 2023, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1282555.

Bitlis Eren University
Journal of Science Editor
Bitlis Eren University Graduate Institute
Bes Minare Mah. Ahmet Eren Bulvari, Merkez Kampus, 13000 BITLIS