Potential, economic and environmental evaluation of biogas energy in provinces where animal husbandry is developed in Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 39 - 55, 26.03.2025

Yağmur Arıkan Yıldız , Mehmet Güçyetmez

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1522712

Abstract

The increase in demand for energy due to various reasons, such as population growth, quality of life, and industrial and technological developments, has increased the need for new alternative energy sources. In addition, fossil fuels, which are the most used sources to meet energy needs, have reserve problems and polluting effects on the environment. The import of natural gas, which is another important source, has a negative impact on national economies. These situations have led us to turn to clean alternative sources for energy needs. In this context, biomass energy represents a renewable energy source with untapped potential for further development. Biomass energy is generated by burning various organic wastes such as human waste, agricultural waste, or animal waste. Türkiye is a country rich in agriculture and animal husbandry. Therefore, in this study, provinces with rich potential in terms of animal husbandry in Türkiye have been investigated. The biomass energy that can be obtained from animal wastes in these provinces is calculated annually. If a facility is established in these provinces to obtain this energy, economic indicators have been calculated. Finally, the positive contributions of biogas energy to the environment have been determined with numerical indicators.

Keywords

renewable energy, biomass energy, energy consumption, environmental effects, sustainability

Ethical Statement

The study is complied with research and publication ethics.

References

• BP, BP Energy Outlook 2023 edition, Jul. 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/energy-outlook/bp-energy-outlook-2023.pdf. [Accessed: May 10, 2024].
• IEA, World Energy Outlook 2023, Oct. 24, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2023. [Accessed: May 10, 2024].
• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "Turkey’s International Energy Strategy," Jul. 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkeys-energy-strategy.en.mfa. [Accessed: Jul. 10, 2024].
• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, "Energy." [Online]. Available: https://enerji.gov.tr/infobank-energy-electricity. [Accessed: Jun. 12, 2024].
• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Sources, "Biomass." [Online]. Available: https://enerji.gov.tr/bilgi-merkezi-enerji-biyokutle-en. [Accessed: May 11, 2024].
• B. Iglinski, R. Buczkowski, A. Ingliska, M. Cichosz, G. Piechota, and W. Kujawski, "Agricultural biogas plants in Poland: Investment process, economic and environmental aspect, biogas potential," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, pp. 4890–4900, 2012.
• P. Abdeshahian, J. S. Lim, W. S. Ho, H. Hashim, and C. T. Lee, "Potential of biogas production from farm animal waste in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 60, pp. 714–723, 2016.
• B. Özer, "Biogas energy opportunity of Ardahan city of Turkey," Energy, vol. 139, pp. 1144–1152, 2017.
• A. O. Avcıoğlu, M. A. Dayıoğlu, and U. Türker, "Assessment of the energy potential of agricultural biomass residues in Turkey," Renewable Energy, vol. 138, pp. 610–619, 2018.
• J. L. Ramos-Suarez, A. Ritter, J. Gonzalez, and A. C. Mata Perez, "Biogas from animal manure: A sustainable energy opportunity in the Canary Islands," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 104, pp. 137–150, 2019.
• A. Bascetincelik, H. H. Ozturk, K. Ekinci, D. Kaya, M. Kacıra, and C. Karaca, "Strategy development and determination of barriers for thermal energy and electricity generation from agricultural biomass in Turkey," Energy Exploration & Exploitation, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 277–294, 2009.
• C. Karaca, "Mapping of energy potential through annual crop residues in Turkey," International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 104–109, 2015.
• C. Karaca, "Determination of biogas production potential from animal manure and GHG emission abatement in Turkey," vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 205–210, 2018.
• S. O. Jekayinfa, J. I. Orisaleye, and R. Pecenka, "An assessment of potential resources for biomass energy in Nigeria," Resources, vol. 9, no. 8, 2020.
• S. M. S. Ardebili, "Green electricity generation potential from biogas produced by anaerobic digestion of farm animal waste and agricultural residues in Iran," Renewable Energy, vol. 154, pp. 29–37, 2020.
• H. Yaqoob, Y. H. Teoh, Z. U. Din, N. U. Sabah, M. A. Jamil, M. A. Mujtaba, and A. Abid, "The potential of sustainable biogas production from biomass waste for power generation in Pakistan," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 307, 127250, 2021.
• S. S. Seyitoğlu and E. Avcıoğlu, "An investigation for the potential of biogas to be produced from animal waste in Çorum," Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 246–261, 2021.
• A. Mana, A. Allaouhi, K. Ouazzani, and A. Jamil, "Feasibility of agriculture biomass power generation in Morocco: Techno-economic analysis," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 295, 126293, 2021.
• O. T. Alnhoud, A. M. AL-Harahsheh, M. S. Al-Harahsheh, and F. I. Irshaid, "Animal solid waste as a potential renewable biomass energy source: A case study of Jordan," Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, vol. 13, pp. 6807–6816, 2023.
• M. Nehra and S. Jain, "Estimation of renewable biogas energy potential from livestock manure: A case study of India," Bioresource Technology Reports, vol. 22, 101432, 2023.
• Mst. M. Akter, I. Z. Surovy, N. Sultana, Md. O. Faruk, B. H. Gilroyed, L. Tijing, Md. Arman Didar-ul-Alam, H. K. Shon, S. Y. Nam, and M. M. Kabir, "Techno-economics and environmental aspects of agricultural biomass-based energy potential," Applied Energy, vol. 359, 122652, 2024.
• H. Long, X. Li, H. Wang, and J. J. Wang, "Biomass resources and their bioenergy potential estimation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 26, pp. 344–352, 2013.
• D. Mignogna, P. Ceci, C. Cafaro, G. Corazzi, and P. Avino, "Production of biogas and biomethane as renewable energy sources: A review," Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 18, 10219, 2023.
• M. J. B. Kabeyi and O. A. Olanrejawu, "Biogas production and applications in the sustainable energy transition," Journal of Energy, 8750221, 2022.
• A. Yılmaz, S. Ünvar, T. Koca, and A. Koçer, "Biogas production and statistical information of biogas production," Technological Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 218–232, 2017.
• Livestock production in Turkey by provinces. [Online]. Available: https://www.drdatastats.com/illere-gore-turkiyede-hayvancilik-canli-hayvan-sayilari/. [Accessed: Jun. 5, 2024].
• H. Yağlı and Y. Koç, "Determination of biogas production potential from animal manure: A case calculation for Adana province," Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 35–48, 2019.
• C. Karaca, "The biogas potential of animal manure and its GHG reduction effect in Konya province, Turkey," Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 232–239.
• F. Masala, D. Groppi, B. Nastasi, G. Piras, and D. Garcia, "Techno-economic analysis of biogas production and use scenarios in a small island energy system," Energy, vol. 258, 124831, 2022.
• World Bank, State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2024. [Online]. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/10986/41544. [Accessed: Jun. 10, 2024].
• Y. Arıkan, "A software design-based energy potential and economic analysis for investing in renewable energy systems," Master’s Thesis, Kırıkkale University, 2014.
• Republic of Türkiye Energy Market Regularity Authority, [Online]. Available: https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-24/elektrikyillik-sektor-raporu. [Accessed: Jun. 10, 2024].
• Eastern Mediterranean Development Agency, "Feasibility report for establishing biogas facilities in Kahramanmaraş province," [Online]. Available: https://www.dogaka.gov.tr/assets/upload/dosyalar/19-4-kahramanmaras-ilinde-biyogaz-tesisleri-kurulmasina-yonelik-fizibilite-raporu.pdf.
• Current YEKDEM Prices. [Online]. Available: https://enerjiajansi.com.tr/yekdem-fiyatlari/. [Accessed: Jul. 10, 2024].
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, "Emission conversion coefficient 2024."