Sürdürülebilir Mera Yönetimi

Abstract

Özellikle küresel salgın ve sonrasında gıda üretimi ve güvenliği en dikkat çeken ve önemsenen konular olmuştur. Gerek bitkisel üretimin sürdürülebilirliği gerekse nitelikli beslenme için bitkisel ve hayvansal ürünlerin birlikte üretimi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu birliktelikte en ucuz ve kaliteli otu ve çoklu ekosistem hizmetleri ile (yarı) doğal meralar dikkat çekmektedir. Ancak kullanma (zamansız, ağır otlatma, vb.) ve çevre faktörlerine bağlı olarak meralarda ciddi bozulma ve verim kayıpları yaşanmaktadır. Dünya meralarının %26’sında verim kaybı olmuş, Türkiye meralarının ise %85’i iyi durumlarından uzaklaşmıştır. Bu nedenle meraların sürdürülebilir yönetimi yaşanan sorunların ortadan kaldırılması ve kaliteli beslenmede hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bunun için öncelikle hatalı otlatma yönetimi (zamansız ve ağır) sonlandırılmalı, gübrelemeden kaçınmak için bitki örtüsünde baklagillerin oranı yükseltilmelidir. Bozulmuş meralar ıslah edilmeli ve hepsinden önemlisi meraları doğrudan kullanan hayvancılıkla uğraşan yetiştiricilerin önerilere ve yapılması gerekenlere gönülden katılımlarının sağlanması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca 4342 sayılı Mera Kanunu uygulamalarında yaşanan yetersizlik ve zorluklar ortadan kaldırılarak daha işlevsel hale getirilmesi ve eksikliklerini giderecek düzenlemelerin yapılması sürdürülebilir bir yönetim için önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

• Mera
• Mera kanunu
• Otlatma yönetimi
• Sürdürülebilirlik

Sustainable Rangeland Management

Abstract

Especially, during and after the pandemic, food production and safety have been the most remarkable and important issues. The dual production of plant and animal products is gaining importance for both the sustainability of plant production and qualified nutrition. In this duality, (semi) natural rangelands attract attention with their cheapest and high-quality hay and multiple ecosystem services. However, due to usage (untimely, heavy grazing) and environmental factors, serious degradation and productivity losses occur in rangelands. There has been a loss of productivity in 26% of the world's rangelands, and 85% of Türkiye’s grazing lands have deteriorated from their good condition. Therefore, sustainable management of rangelands is of vital importance in eliminating the problems experienced and in providing quality nutrition. To achieve this, first of all, improper grazing management (untimely and heavy) should be ended, the proportion of legumes in the vegetation should be increased to avoid the fertilization. Degraded rangelands should be improved and, most importantly, those engaged in animal husbandry who directly use the rangelands should be ensured to wholeheartedly participate in the suggestions and what needs to be done. In addition, it is important that the inadequacies and difficulties experienced in the implementation of the Rangeland Law No. 4342 should be eliminated and made functional, and regulations should be made to eliminate its deficiencies.

Keywords

• Grazing management
• Rangeland
• Rangeland law
• Sustainability

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