Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties

Mutluhan Bıyıkoğlu; Kübra Günay Kamçı; Metin Arslan

doi:10.70500/bjs.1918299

TR EN

4-Vinilpiridin Aşı Kopolimerizasyonu ile Azid Fonksiyonelleştirilmiş PET Lifleri: Sentez, Karakterizasyon ve Enerjik Özellikler

Abstract

Poli(etilen tereftalat) (PET) lifleri, 4-vinilpiridin (4VP) graft kopolimerizasyonunu takiben klorlama ve ardından azidleme basamaklarını içeren çok aşamalı bir modifikasyon stratejisi ile başarıyla fonksiyonelleştirilmiştir. Graftlama işlemi, PET yüzeyine piridin fonksiyonel gruplarını kazandırarak ileri kimyasal dönüşümler için reaktif bölgeler oluşturmuştur. Klorlama işlemi, reaktif klor gruplarının oluşumunu sağlamış ve bu gruplar daha sonra sodyum azid (NaN₃) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen nükleofilik yer değiştirme reaksiyonu ile azid grupları ile yer değiştirmiştir. Optimum azidleme koşulları, liflerin yapısal bütünlüğünü bozmadan en yüksek fonksiyonelleşme derecesini sağlayan 0.2 M NaN₃ derişimi, 60 °C reaksiyon sıcaklığı ve 12 saat reaksiyon süresi olarak belirlenmiştir (%15). Azid fonksiyonel gruplarının başarıyla yapıya kazandırıldığı, Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisi analizinde 2100–2150 cm⁻¹ aralığında gözlenen karakteristik absorpsiyon bandı ile doğrulanmıştır. Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) analizleri, yüzey morfolojisinde belirgin değişiklikler olduğunu göstermiş ve lifsi yapı korunarak yüzey modifikasyonunun başarıyla gerçekleştirildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Termal analiz sonuçları, azid fonksiyonlu liflerin diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetri (DSC) analizinde yaklaşık 280 °C’de belirgin bir ekzotermik bozunma piki sergilediğini ve bunun malzemenin enerjik karakterini doğruladığını göstermiştir. Termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) ise azid gruplarının termal olarak kararsız yapısından dolayı graftlanmış PET liflerine kıyasla daha erken bozunma başlangıcı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, PET-g-4VP-N₃ liflerinin artırılmış kimyasal reaktiviteye ve enerjik özelliklere sahip olduğunu göstermekte olup, bu malzemenin tıklama kimyası tabanlı fonksiyonelleştirme, adsorpsiyon sistemleri ve enerjik polimer uygulamaları gibi ileri uygulamalar için umut verici bir aday olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Azid fonksiyonelleştirme, Enerjik polimerler, Graft kopolimerizasyonu, PET lifleri, 4-vinilpiridin

Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties

Abstract

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers were successfully functionalized through a multi-step modification strategy involving graft copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP), followed by chlorination and subsequent azidation. The grafting process introduced pyridine functionalities onto the PET surface, providing reactive sites for further chemical transformation. Chlorination enabled the formation of reactive chloro groups, which were subsequently substituted by azide groups via nucleophilic substitution using sodium azide (NaN₃). The optimum azidation conditions were determined as 0.2 M NaN₃ concentration, 60 °C reaction temperature, and 12 h reaction time, which provided the highest degree of functionalization without compromising the structural integrity of the fibers (15%). The successful incorporation of azide functionalities was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy through the appearance of a characteristic absorption band at 2100–2150 cm⁻¹. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed significant changes in surface morphology, indicating successful surface modification while preserving the fibrous structure of PET. Thermal analysis demonstrated that the azide-functionalized fibers exhibited a distinct exothermic decomposition peak at approximately 280 °C in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), confirming their energetic nature. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed an earlier onset of degradation compared to grafted PET fibers, attributed to the presence of thermally labile azide groups. The results indicate that PET-g-4VP-N₃ fibers possess enhanced chemical reactivity and energetic characteristics, making them promising candidates for advanced applications such as click chemistry-based functionalization, adsorption systems, and energetic polymer materials.

Keywords

Azide functionalization, Energetic polymers, Graft copolymerization, PET fibers, 4-vinylpyridine

Supporting Institution

Kirikkale University Research Funding

Project Number

BAP 2024/036

Ethical Statement

There are no ethical issues with the publication of this article.

Thanks

Authors are grateful to the Kirikkale University Research Funding for the financial support of this study.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mutluhan Bıyıkoğlu
0000-0003-0752-2242
Türkiye

Kübra Günay Kamçı ^*
0000-0002-3522-873X
Türkiye

Metin Arslan
0000-0001-9432-6877
Türkiye

Publication Date

May 20, 2026

Submission Date

March 29, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 16, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 4 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.70500/bjs.1918299

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA33AG36YX

APA

Bıyıkoğlu, M., Günay Kamçı, K., & Arslan, M. (2026). Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. Bozok Journal of Science, 4(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.70500/bjs.1918299

AMA

1.Bıyıkoğlu M, Günay Kamçı K, Arslan M. Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. BJS. 2026;4(1):13-21. doi:10.70500/bjs.1918299

Chicago

Bıyıkoğlu, Mutluhan, Kübra Günay Kamçı, and Metin Arslan. 2026. “Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties”. Bozok Journal of Science 4 (1): 13-21. https://doi.org/10.70500/bjs.1918299.

EndNote

Bıyıkoğlu M, Günay Kamçı K, Arslan M (May 1, 2026) Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. Bozok Journal of Science 4 1 13–21.

IEEE

[1]M. Bıyıkoğlu, K. Günay Kamçı, and M. Arslan, “Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties”, BJS, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 13–21, May 2026, doi: 10.70500/bjs.1918299.

ISNAD

Bıyıkoğlu, Mutluhan - Günay Kamçı, Kübra - Arslan, Metin. “Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties”. Bozok Journal of Science 4/1 (May 1, 2026): 13-21. https://doi.org/10.70500/bjs.1918299.

JAMA

1.Bıyıkoğlu M, Günay Kamçı K, Arslan M. Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. BJS. 2026;4:13–21.

MLA

Bıyıkoğlu, Mutluhan, et al. “Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties”. Bozok Journal of Science, vol. 4, no. 1, May 2026, pp. 13-21, doi:10.70500/bjs.1918299.

Vancouver

1.Mutluhan Bıyıkoğlu, Kübra Günay Kamçı, Metin Arslan. Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. BJS. 2026 May 1;4(1):13-21. doi:10.70500/bjs.1918299

4-Vinilpiridin Aşı Kopolimerizasyonu ile Azid Fonksiyonelleştirilmiş PET Lifleri: Sentez, Karakterizasyon ve Enerjik Özellikler

Abstract

Keywords

Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Ethical Statement

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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