Araştırma Makalesi

Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties

Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1 20 Mayıs 2026
PDF İndir
TR EN

Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties

Öz

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers were successfully functionalized through a multi-step modification strategy involving graft copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP), followed by chlorination and subsequent azidation. The grafting process introduced pyridine functionalities onto the PET surface, providing reactive sites for further chemical transformation. Chlorination enabled the formation of reactive chloro groups, which were subsequently substituted by azide groups via nucleophilic substitution using sodium azide (NaN₃). The optimum azidation conditions were determined as 0.2 M NaN₃ concentration, 60 °C reaction temperature, and 12 h reaction time, which provided the highest degree of functionalization without compromising the structural integrity of the fibers (15%). The successful incorporation of azide functionalities was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy through the appearance of a characteristic absorption band at 2100–2150 cm⁻¹. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed significant changes in surface morphology, indicating successful surface modification while preserving the fibrous structure of PET. Thermal analysis demonstrated that the azide-functionalized fibers exhibited a distinct exothermic decomposition peak at approximately 280 °C in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), confirming their energetic nature. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed an earlier onset of degradation compared to grafted PET fibers, attributed to the presence of thermally labile azide groups. The results indicate that PET-g-4VP-N₃ fibers possess enhanced chemical reactivity and energetic characteristics, making them promising candidates for advanced applications such as click chemistry-based functionalization, adsorption systems, and energetic polymer materials.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Azide functionalization, Energetic polymers, Graft copolymerization, PET fibers, 4-vinylpyridine

Destekleyen Kurum

Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

BAP 2024/036

Etik Beyan

Bu makalenin yayınlanmasıyla ilgili herhangi bir etik sorun bulunmamaktadır.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, bu çalışmanın finansal desteği için Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi’ne teşekkür eder.

Kaynakça

  1. Arslan, M., & Günay, K. (2017). Synthesis of amine-functionalized methacrylic acid-g-poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber and its Congo red removal ability. Polymer Bulletin, 75(4), 1701–1713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2121-0
  2. Arslan, M., & Günay, K. (2018). Application of 4-VP-g-PET fibers and its N-oxide derivative as an adsorbent for removal of cationic dye. Polymer Bulletin, 76(2), 953–965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2400-4
  3. Awaja, F., & Pavel, D. (2005). Recycling of PET. European Polymer Journal, 41(7), 1453–1477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.02.005
  4. Bhattacharya, A., & Misra, B. N. (2004). Grafting: a versatile means to modify polymersTechniques, factors and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 29(8), 767–814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2004.05.002
  5. Binder, W. H., & Sachsenhofer, R. (2007). ‘Click’ Chemistry in polymer and Materials science. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 28(1), 15–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200600625
  6. Bräse, S., Gil, C., Knepper, K., & Zimmermann, V. (2005). Organic azides: an exploding diversity of a unique class of compounds. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 44(33), 5188–5240. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200400657
  7. Click Chemistry: Diverse Chemical Function from a Few Good Reactions. (2001). PubMed. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11
  8. Coates, J. (2000). Interpretation of infrared Spectra, a practical approach. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a5606
  9. Fu, S., Feng, X., Lauke, B., & Mai, Y. (2008). Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate–polymer composites. Composites Part B Engineering, 39(6), 933–961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2008.01.002
  10. Harmer, M. A. (1991). Photomodification of surfaces using heterocyclic azides. Langmuir, 7(10), 2010–2012. https://doi.org/10.1021/la00058a007

Kaynak Göster

APA
Bıyıkoğlu, M., Günay Kamçı, K., & Arslan, M. (2026). Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. Bozok Journal of Science, 4(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.70500/bjs.1918299
AMA
1.Bıyıkoğlu M, Günay Kamçı K, Arslan M. Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. BJS. 2026;4(1):13-21. doi:10.70500/bjs.1918299
Chicago
Bıyıkoğlu, Mutluhan, Kübra Günay Kamçı, ve Metin Arslan. 2026. “Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties”. Bozok Journal of Science 4 (1): 13-21. https://doi.org/10.70500/bjs.1918299.
EndNote
Bıyıkoğlu M, Günay Kamçı K, Arslan M (01 Mayıs 2026) Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. Bozok Journal of Science 4 1 13–21.
IEEE
[1]M. Bıyıkoğlu, K. Günay Kamçı, ve M. Arslan, “Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties”, BJS, c. 4, sy 1, ss. 13–21, May. 2026, doi: 10.70500/bjs.1918299.
ISNAD
Bıyıkoğlu, Mutluhan - Günay Kamçı, Kübra - Arslan, Metin. “Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties”. Bozok Journal of Science 4/1 (01 Mayıs 2026): 13-21. https://doi.org/10.70500/bjs.1918299.
JAMA
1.Bıyıkoğlu M, Günay Kamçı K, Arslan M. Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. BJS. 2026;4:13–21.
MLA
Bıyıkoğlu, Mutluhan, vd. “Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties”. Bozok Journal of Science, c. 4, sy 1, Mayıs 2026, ss. 13-21, doi:10.70500/bjs.1918299.
Vancouver
1.Mutluhan Bıyıkoğlu, Kübra Günay Kamçı, Metin Arslan. Azide-Functionalized PET Fibers via Graft Copolymerization of 4-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. BJS. 01 Mayıs 2026;4(1):13-21. doi:10.70500/bjs.1918299