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LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES
Abstract
This paper examines the differences and similarities between the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) regulations of Türkiye and the United States (US) and their economic impacts by analyzing the evolution of their legal frameworks. The first section provides an overview of FDI and discusses both global and local trends. In the following sections, the FDI legislation and regulations in Türkiye and the US are analyzed comparatively. The final section reviews existing literature on the factors influencing FDI in both countries, highlighting how their legal frameworks may have affected FDI inflows. The study finds that in the US, FDI is influenced by fundamental principles protected by the Constitution. While through several amendments, Türkiye’s FDI codes have evolved over the years, resulting in a somewhat more liberal legislative framework. The “national security” is a buzzword in the contemporary US FDI legal framework, which began in the 1970s, and FDI screening mechanism has been settled throughout the years with a deeper institutionalized structure. Türkiye stands with the come as you are policy, while the recent FDI screening wave in developed countries addresses international relations positions and critical sectors. Türkiye has made significant progress in attracting FDI by implementing legal regulations aimed at restoring investor confidence. In Türkiye’s experience, the FDI liberalization came into force when stability, the market-friendly reform calendar, the EU harmonization process, positive expectations, and macroeconomic stability were evident and acted as an anchor of the legal system. In the US, in addition to the GDP size, growth, infrastructure, labor price and quality; technology spillover purposes also illustrate that industrialization, technology, and micro capacities make cross-cutting elements for FDI attraction. While a liberal legal framework is a necessary condition for attracting investment, it is not sufficient on its own. Beyond a certain point, structural factors become more influential.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
TÜBİTAK
Thanks
This article is supported by TÜBİTAK 2219 Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship.
References
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- Ajami R.A. and Ricks D.A., ‘Motives of Non-American Firms Investing in the United States’ (1981) 12 Journal of International Business Studies 25.
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- Altun, Ş., Türkiye’de Yabancı Sermayenin Tarihsel Gelişimi (G.M. Matbaacılık 2008).
- Arıkan D., Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları (Arıkan Yayınları 2006).
- Axarloglou K., ‘What Attracts Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in the United States’ (2005) 19(3) The International Trade Journal 285.
- Aytekin G. K., ‘Türkiye’de Uluslararası Doğrudan Yatırımların Belirleyicilerine Yönelik Bir Model Denemesi’ (2011) 4(2) Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 1.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Law and Humanities, International Trade and Investment Law
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
June 30, 2025
Submission Date
April 23, 2025
Acceptance Date
June 27, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2025 Volume: 3 Number: 1
APA
Akkale Çelebi, R. G. (2025). LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES. The Boğaziçi Law Review, 3(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.69800/blr.1682579
AMA
1.Akkale Çelebi RG. LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES. BLR. 2025;3(1):1-27. doi:10.69800/blr.1682579
Chicago
Akkale Çelebi, Ruveyda Gülmisal. 2025. “LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES”. The Boğaziçi Law Review 3 (1): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.69800/blr.1682579.
EndNote
Akkale Çelebi RG (June 1, 2025) LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES. The Boğaziçi Law Review 3 1 1–27.
IEEE
[1]R. G. Akkale Çelebi, “LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES”, BLR, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–27, June 2025, doi: 10.69800/blr.1682579.
ISNAD
Akkale Çelebi, Ruveyda Gülmisal. “LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES”. The Boğaziçi Law Review 3/1 (June 1, 2025): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.69800/blr.1682579.
JAMA
1.Akkale Çelebi RG. LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES. BLR. 2025;3:1–27.
MLA
Akkale Çelebi, Ruveyda Gülmisal. “LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES”. The Boğaziçi Law Review, vol. 3, no. 1, June 2025, pp. 1-27, doi:10.69800/blr.1682579.
Vancouver
1.Ruveyda Gülmisal Akkale Çelebi. LEGAL TOOLS AND COMPONENTS FOR ATTRACTING FDI, A COMPARATIVE STUDY: TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED STATES. BLR. 2025 Jun. 1;3(1):1-27. doi:10.69800/blr.1682579