Investigation of the androgenic and anti-androgenic effects of endosulfan, cypermethrin, 2,4-D and trifluralin by hershberger assay

Öz

Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the androgenic and anti-androgenic effects of organochlorid (Endosulfan) and pyrethroid (Cypermethrin) pesticides and herbicides (2,4-D and Trifluralin), on serum LH and FSH levels and androgen-sensitive tissues in peri-pubertal rat model with Hershberger assay. Material and Method: 56 peri-pubertal 42 days old Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. The first group was separated as sham castration. The remaining 49 rats were castrated. After 10 days recovery period, rats were divided into further seven groups: Castration group; Testosterone Propionate (TP) group; TP+Flutamide group; TP+Endosulfan group; TP+2,4-D group; TP+Cypermethrin group; TP+Trifluralin group. 24 hours after the last application, rats were decapitated and blood samples were obtained. Prostate, bulbourethral gland, vesicula seminalis and musculus levator ani (mLA) were dissected and weighed. Serum LH, FSH and testosteron levels were determined with ELISA. Result: Castration caused significant reduction in all androgen-sensitive tissue weights n(p<0.001); whereas TP application to the castrated animals recovered this tissue weights to sham group levels (p<0.001). While Endosulfan, Cypermethrin and Trifluralin caused significant decrease in bulbourethral gland weights (p<0.01); 2,4-D significantly increased vesicula seminalis weights compared to TP group (p<0.01). None of the applied test compounds caused significant differences in prostate and mLA weights compared to TP group (p>0.05). 2,4-D, Cypermethrin and Trifluralin significantly increased serum FSH levels; but the increase in serum LH levels was only significant in Trifluralin group. Conclusion: Data obtained from this study showed that 2,4-D has androjenic effects on vesicula seminalis whereas Endosulfan, Cypermethrin and Trifluralin have anti-androgenic effects on bulbourethral gland. It can be suggested that, these environmental pollutants could affect male reproductive functions negatively. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• endosulfan
• cypermethrin
• 2.4-D
• Hershberger assay

Endosulfan, cypermethrin, 2,4-D ve trifluralin’in androjenik ve anti-androjenik etkilerinin hershberger metoduyla araştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma; organoklorlu (Endosulfan) ve pyrethroid (Cypermethrin) pestisitler ile herbisitlerin (2,4-D ve Trifluralin) Hershberger metodu ile peri-pubertal erkek sıçan modelinde serum LH ve FSH düzeyleri ile androjen duyarlı dokular üzerine androjenik ve anti-androjenik etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla planlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada 56 adet peri-pubertal 42 günlük erkek Sprague Dawley sıçan kullanıldı.İlk grup sham kastrasyon olarak ayrıldı. Geriye kalan 49 adet sıçan kastre edildi. On günlük iyileşme süresinin sonunda sıçanlar yedi gruba daha ayrıldı: Kastrasyon grubu; Testosteron propiyonat (TP) grubu; TP+Flutamide grubu; TP+Endosulfan grubu; TP+2,4-D grubu; TP+Cypermethrin grubu; TP+Trifluralin grubu. Son uygulamadan 24 saat sonra sıçanlar dekapite edilerek kan örnekleri toplandı. Tüm hayvanların prostat bezi, bulbouretral bezleri, seminal vezikülleri ve musculus levator ani (mLA) diseke edilerek tartıldı. Serum LH, FSH ve testosteron düzeyleri ELISA yöntemi ile belirlendi.Bulgular: Kastrasyon, tüm androjen-duyarlı doku ağırlıklarında azalmaya neden olurken (p<0.001); kastre edilen hayvanlara TP uygulanması bu dokuların ağırlıklarının sham grubu değerlerine dönmesini sağladı (p<0.001). Endosulfan, Cypermethrin ve Trifluralin bulbouretral bez ağırlıklarında TP grubuna göre anlamlı azalmaya yol açarken (p<0.01); 2,4-D ise vesicula seminalis ağırlıklarında anlamlı artış oluşturdu (p<0.01). Uygulanan test bileşiklerinden hiçbiri prostat ve mLA ağırlıklarında TP grubuna göre anlamlı fark oluşturmadı (p>0.05). 2,4-D, Cypermethrin ve Trifluralin serum FSH düzeylerinde anlamlı artışa yol açarken; serum LH düzeylerindeki artış sadece Trifluralin grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı idi. Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, Hershberger metodunda Endosulfan, Cypermethrin ve Trifluralin’in bulbouretral bez üzerinde anti-androjenik; 2,4-D’nin ise vesicula seminalis üzerinde androjenik etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çevresel kirleticilerin erkek üreme fonksiyonlarını olumsuz yönde etkileyebileceği öngörülebilir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endosulfan
• Cypermethrin
• 2,4-D
• Trifluralin
• Hershberger Assay

Kaynakça

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