Tardif Diskinezi için Güncel Tanı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 73 - 84, 30.06.2019

Ece Yazla Çiçek Hocaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.33716/bmedj.559729

Abstract

Tardif diskinezi (TD) sıklıkla orabukkal bölgede gözlenen ancak boyun,
gövde ve ekstremiteleri de tutabilen, istemsiz ve tekrarlayıcı hareketlerden
oluşan bir hiperkinetik hareket bozukluğudur. Farklı ilaçların TD oluşumuna yol
açabildiği bildirilmiştir. Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve İstatistiksel El
Kitabının son baskısında (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental
Disorders DSM-5) en az birkaç ay, nöroleptik bir ilaç kullanılmasıyla gelişen
bir hareket bozukluğu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Etiyolojisi net olarak
belirlenememiştir. Patofizyolojisi için ortaya konulan farklı hipotezler ile
ilişkili farklı tedavi yaklaşımları bulunmaktadır. Önerilen tedavilerin pek
çoğunun kanıt düzeyi düşüktür. Tüm bu özellikler dikkate alındığında risk
faktörlerini iyi bilmenin TD oluşumunu önleme açısından değerli olduğu sonucu
çıkartılabilir. Ayrıca iyi bir ayırıcı tanı da erken müdahalede bulunulabilmesi
için değerlidir. Bu yazıda pskiyatristlerin ve diğer hekimlerin TD konusundaki
farkındalıklarını artırmak amacıyla tardif diskinezinin tanı ve güncel tedavi
yaklaşımları gözden geçirilmiştir.

Keywords

Tardif diskinezi, tanı, tedavi

The Diagnosis And Current Treatment Approaches For The Tardive Dyskinesia

Abstract

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder
characterized by involuntary and repetitive movements, often seen in the
orobuccal region, but also in the neck, trunk and extremities. Different drugs
have been reported to induce TD formation. In the last edition of the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), it is described
as a movement disorder developed by the use of a neuroleptic drug for at least
a few months. Ethiology could not be determined clearly. There are different
treatment approaches related with the different pathophysiological hypotheses
of the disease. Most of the recommended treatments are of low level of
evidence. Taking into account all of these, it can be concluded that knowledge
about the risk factors of the TD is valuable in terms of prevention of the
disease development. Besides, an accurate differential diagnosis is also
valuable for the early intervention. In this article, the diagnosis and current
treatment approaches of TD were reviewed in order to increase the awareness of
psychiatrists and other medical doctors about TD.

Keywords

Tardive dyskinesia, diagnosis, treatment

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