TİMPANİNİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ

Abstract

Geçmişten günümüze sürekli bir değişim ve gelişim içinde olan timpaniler, üzerine deri gerilmiş kazan şeklindeki davullardır. 15. yüzyılda Ortadoğu ve Macaristan üzerinden Avrupa’ya gelmiş eski örnekleri, genel olarak küçük ölçülere sahip ve çiftler halinde at sırtına monte edilen davullar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalgıların kazanlarının yapımında ahşap ve bakır gibi malzemeler kullanılmış ve üzerlerine hayvan derisi gerilmiştir. Barok dönemden itibaren orkestra ve operalarda yer bulmaya başlamış ve sabit stantlara oturtulmuşlardır. 18. yüzyıldan itibaren dönemin müziğindeki gereksinimler timpanide daha hızlı perde değişimi ihtiyacı doğurmuş ve bu amaçla farklı mekanizmalar üretilmiştir. 19. yüzyılda ise timpaniler çiftli setler yerine dörtlü veya beşli setler olarak kullanılmıştır. Timpaninin günümüze kadar geçen süreç içerisinde davul sayısı arttırılmış, bakırdan kazanlar ve pedal ile akort mekanizması kullanılarak timpaniden iyi bir performans almak hedeflenmiş ve bu mekanizmaların perde ayarlamak için oldukça verimli bir yol olduğu düşünülmüştür. 21. yüzyılda ise günümüzdeki hallerini almışlardır.

Keywords

• Timpani
• Kazan
• Perde Aralıkları
• Akort
• Mekanizma

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TIMPANI

Abstract

The timpani, which has been in a constant change and development, are cauldron-shaped drums with leather stretched on them. The old examples, which came to Europe through the Middle East and Hungary in the 15th century, are generally small in size and placed on horseback in pairs. Materials such as wood and copper were used in the making of the cauldrons of these instruments, and animal skin was stretched on them. Since the Baroque period, they began to take place in orchestras and operas, and were placed on fixed stands. Since the 18th century, the requirements in the music of the period have led to the need for faster pitch changes in the timpani, and different mechanisms have been produced for this purpose. In the 19th century, timpanis were used as sets of four or five rather than sets of two. The number of drums in the timpani has been increased in the process until today, it is aimed to get a good performance from the timpani by using copper bowls, pedals and tuning mechanism, and it is thought that these mechanisms are a very efficient way to adjust the pitch.

Keywords

• Timpani
• Bowl
• Pitch
• Tuning
• Mechanism

References

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