BRIEF HISTORY OF BALLETS RUSSES AND OVERVIEW OF STAGE AND COSTUME DESIGN

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 91 - 115, 21.11.2024

Murat Kurtulmuş

https://doi.org/10.47956/bmsd.1445044

Öz

Sergei Diaghilev was a Russian artist and director who lived between 1872 and 1929. From 1905 onwards, he started to promote Russian art in Paris. Especially “Ballets Russes”, the first ballet company he took to Paris in 1909, achieved great success. Among the dancers in this company were famous names such as Vaslav Nijinsky and Tamara Karsavina. Diaghilev achieved great success not only as an artist but also as a manager. His artistic background and adventurous spirit were reflected in the performances of the company. Among Diaghilev's greatest contributions were to encourage the leading painters and composers of the era to create works for the company and to discover new talents. The Ballets Russes company also attracted great attention in terms of stage design and costume design. Stage designers even determined the main lines of choreography. The works produced in this period have an important place in the art world even today. This article emphasises the foundation of Ballets Russes company, the introduction of Russian art to Europe and the importance of stage design in ballet art.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ballets Russes, Sergei Diaghilev, Decor, Stage Design, Costume Design

BALLETS RUSSES’ÜN KISA TARİHÇESİ, SAHNE VE KOSTÜM TASARIMLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Sergei Diaghilev, 1872-1929 yılları arasında yaşamış bir Rus sanatçı ve yönetmendir. 1905’ten itibaren Paris'te Rus sanatını tanıtmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle 1909’da Paris’e götürdüğü ilk bale topluluğu olan “Ballets Russes”, büyük bir başarı elde etmiştir. Bu toplulukta yer alan dansçılar arasında Vaslav Nijinsky ve Tamara Karsavina gibi ünlü isimler bulunmaktadır. Diaghilev, sadece bir sanatçı olarak değil, aynı zamanda bir yönetici olarak da büyük bir başarı elde etmiştir. Topluluğun gösterilerine sanatsal birikimi ve serüvenci ruhu yansımıştır. Diaghilev’in en büyük katkıları arasında, çağın önde gelen ressamlarının ve bestecilerinin topluluğa eserler yaratmasını sağlamak ve yeni yetenekleri keşfetmek yer almaktadır. Ballets Russes topluluğu, sahne tasarımı ve kostüm tasarımı açısından da büyük ilgi çekmiştir. Sahne tasarımcıları, koreografinin ana çizgilerini dahi belirlemiştir. Bu dönemde üretilen eserler, günümüzde bile sanat dünyasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu makale, Ballets Russes’ün kuruluşunu, Rus sanatının Avrupa’ya tanıtılmasını ve sahne tasarımının bale sanatındaki önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sahne tasarımı, kostüm tasarımı, Ballets Russes, Sergei Diaghilev, Dekor

Kaynakça

• ALEXANDRE, Arsene-COCTEAU, Jean, The Decorative Art of Leon Bakst, 1st Edition, Dover Publications, New York 1972.
• AYVAZOĞLU, Seda-ÖZCAN, Kerem, “From court to theater in the 18th century: birth of the ballet d’action (dramatic ballet)”, Journal for the Interdisciplinary Art and Education, 2(1), 1-8, June 2021.
• BUCKLE, Richard, Diaghilev, 1st Edition, Atheneum, New York 1979.
• ________, Richard, Nijinsky, 1st Edition, Atheneum, New York 1971.
• CASTLE, Howard, The Diaghilev and Ballets Russes Costumes, Sotheby's Auction Catalogues, Londra 1995.
• CROW, David, The Ballets Russes and the Art of Design, Yale University Press, New Haven 2008.
• FENMEN, Beatrice, Bale Tarihi, Sevda Cenap and Müzik Vakfı Yayınları, Ankara 1986.
• GARAFOLA, Lynn, Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes, Da Capo Press, New York 1989.
• GUEST, Hatchinson-JESCHKE, Claudia-NEAYU, Philippe-MICHEL Jean, Afternoon of a Faun, 1st Edition, The Vendome Press, New York 1987.
• GUEST, Ivor, Bale Tarihi, çev. Aysun Aslan, 2. Baskı, Afa Matbaacılık, İstanbul 1989.
• HASKINS, Sam, The Art of Dance: Russian Ballet and the Modern Movement, 1st Edition, Thames & Hudson, New York 2020.
• JASKSON, Sheila, Simple Stage Costumes and How to Make them, 1st Edition, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York 1970.
• JULLIAN, Philippe, Léon Bakst: The Story of the Artist's Life, 1st Edition, Praeger, New York 1974.
• KODICEK, Ann, Diaghilev Creator of the Ballets Russes Art Music Dance, Barbican Art Gallery/Lund Humphries Publishers, 1996.
• LEICHTENTHAN, Rudolf, Ballet Geschichte im Überblick, Noetzel, Heinrichshafen-Bücer, Wilhelmshaven 1990.
• PERCIVAL, John, The World of Diaghilev, Rinehart and Winston, New York 1971.
• PETERS, King Arthur, Jean Cocteau and His World, 1st Edition, The Vendome Press, New York 1986.
• POZHARSKAYA, Militsa, The Russian Seasons in Paris Sketches the Scenery and Costumes, Iskusstvo Art Publichers, Moscow 1988.
• PRITCHARD, Jane, Diaghilev and the Golden Age of the Ballets Russes 1909–1929, V&A Publishing, Londra 2010.
• ___________, John, Ballets Russes and the Transformation of Dance, Routledge, London 2018.
• RYMAN, Alan, The Ballets Russes: The History and the Legacy, Dance Books, London 1996.
• SPENCER, Charles, Leon Bakst, Academy Editions, London 1975.
• STRAVINSKY, Igor, La Tricorne, Boosey & Hawkes, New York 1921.
• YÜCEL, Figen, Bale Tarihi Notları, İstanbul Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarı (Teksir Baskı), İstanbul 1998.
• "La Boutique Fantasque." Royal Opera House. https://www.roh.org.uk, (21.08.2024).
• "Paolo Veronese", Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paolo-Veronese. (20.08.2024).
• “Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky).” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Nijinsky), (30.03.2024).
• “Cléopâtre (Ballet)”, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A9op%C3%A2tre_(ballet), (08.07.2024). “Demimonde”, https://www.encyclopedia.com/fashion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/demimonde, (20.08.2024).
• “Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes 1909-1929”, https://iabarcelona.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/diaghilev.pdf, (09.07.2024).
• “Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes, 1909–1929: When Art Danced with Music”, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., https://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2009/ballets-russes.html, (01.04.2024).
• “Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes – an introduction”, https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/diaghilev-and-the-ballets-russes, (10.08.2024).
• “Fokine Estate Archive Fokine’ Revolution”, http://www.michelfokine.com/id63.html, (02.04.2024). “L'Après-midi d'un faune (Ballet)”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Apr%C3%A8s-midi_d%27un_faune_(ballet), (08.08.2024).
• “Longus”, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Longus, (26.09.2024).
• “Sergei Diaghilev Overview and Analysis”, https://www.theartstory.org/artist/diaghilev-sergei, (02.04.2024).
• “Sergei Diaghilev”, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev, (02.04.2024).
• "Fokine and Nijinsky: The Turning Points of Ballet." Dance History Journal. Accessed October 10, 2024. https://www.dancehistory.org/.
• “Cléopâtre,” Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes, 1909-1929: Twenty Years That Changed the World of Art, https://library.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/static/onlineexhibits/diaghilev/first_season/6_1.html, (09.07.2024).
• “Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, 1909-1929: Twenty Years That Changed the World of Art”, https://library.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/static/onlineexhibits/diaghilev/second_season/7_2.html, (08.08.2024).
• “NIJINSKA, Bronislava. Le Train Bleu. Ballets Russes, London 1924”, https://www.ballet.org.uk/le-train-bleu, (08.08.2024).
• “The Legend of Joseph”, https://www.filharmonikusok.hu/en/muvek/jozsef-legenda/, (10.08.2024).
• “Art Nouveau”, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Nouveau, (30.03.2024).