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Geleceğin Kent Bahçeleri: Abiyotik Strese Toleranslı Sebze Türleri ile Sürdürülebilir Tasarım

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 136 - 158, 30.12.2025

Şebnem Köklü Ardıç

https://doi.org/10.59128/bojans.1786667

Öz

Abiyotik stres faktörleri (kuraklık, tuzluluk, sıcaklık ekstremleri, ağır metal birikimi) sebzelerin büyüme, gelişme ve verimliliğini sınırlayan en önemli çevresel kısıtlardır. Bu stresler, fotosentez kapasitesinin azalması, iyon toksisitesi, membran bütünlüğünün bozulması ve oksidatif strese yol açarak bitki fizyolojisini olumsuz etkiler. Bununla birlikte, sebze türleri bu baskılar karşısında pasif kalmayıp, osmotik düzenleme, antioksidan savunma sistemlerinin aktivasyonu, iyon homeostazı, morfolojik adaptasyonlar ve hormonal sinyal ağları gibi karmaşık tolerans mekanizmaları geliştirmişlerdir. Son yıllardaki çalışmalar, bu mekanizmalarda genetik düzenlemelerin, transkriptomik adaptasyonların ve rizosfer mikrobiyotasının kritik roller oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu tolerans mekanizmalarının anlaşılması, yalnızca tarımsal verimlilik için değil, aynı zamanda sürdürülebilir kentsel peyzaj uygulamaları için de büyük önem taşımaktadır. Strese dayanıklı sebzeler, peyzaj mimarisine entegre edildiklerinde estetik çeşitlilik sunmalarının yanı sıra gıda üretimi, toprak sağlığının iyileştirilmesi, biyoçeşitliliğin desteklenmesi, yağmur suyu yönetimi, mikro iklim regülasyonu ve hatta fitoremediasyon gibi çok boyutlu ekolojik ve sosyo-ekonomik faydalar sağlarlar. Bu derleme, abiyotik stres tolerans mekanizmalarını inceleyerek, bu türlerin iklim değişikliği etkilerini hafifletici, sürdürülebilir ve üretken kentsel peyzajların tasarımında nasıl stratejik bir araç olarak kullanılabileceğini tartışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Abiyotik stres Fitoremediasyon Kentsel tarım Stres tolerans mekanizmaları Sebzeler Sürdürülebilir peyzaj

Kaynakça

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Future Urban Gardens: Sustainable Design with Abiotic Stress-Tolerant Vegetable Species

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 136 - 158, 30.12.2025

Şebnem Köklü Ardıç

https://doi.org/10.59128/bojans.1786667

Öz

Abiotic stress factors (drought, salinity, temperature extremes, heavy metal accumulation) are the most significant environmental constraints limiting the growth, development, and productivity of vegetables. These stresses adversely affect plant physiology by reducing photosynthetic capacity, causing ion toxicity, disrupting membrane integrity, and leading to oxidative stress. However, vegetable species are not passive against these pressures; they have developed complex tolerance mechanisms such as osmotic adjustment, activation of antioxidant defense systems, ion homeostasis, morphological adaptations, and hormonal signaling networks. Recent studies reveal that genetic regulations, transcriptomic adaptations, and rhizosphere microbiota play critical roles in these mechanisms. Understanding these tolerance mechanisms is of great importance not only for agricultural productivity but also for sustainable urban landscape practices. When stress-resistant vegetables are integrated into landscape architecture, they provide multidimensional ecological and socio-economic benefits, such as aesthetic diversity, food production, improved soil health, supported biodiversity, stormwater management, microclimate regulation, and even phytoremediation, alongside their aesthetic value. This review examines abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms and discusses how such species can be used as strategic tools in designing sustainable and productive urban landscapes that mitigate the effects of climate change.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Abiotic stress Phytoremediation Urban agriculture Stress tolerance mechanisms Vegetables Sustainable landscape

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  • Ribeiro, A. J., da Silva Alves, A., Betancur Gonzalez, J. A., Galina, J., Machado, J. S., Machado, M. L., ve Zeist, A. R. (2025). Selection of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) genotypes with ornamental and dual-purpose potential. South African Journal of Botany, 186, 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2025.09.018
  • Roșca, M., Mihalache, G., ve Stoleru, V. (2023). Tomato responses to salinity stress: From morphological traits to genetic changes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1118383. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1118383
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  • Ruiz, K. B., Biondi, S., Oses, R., Acuña Rodríguez, I. S., Antognoni, F., Martinez Mosqueira, E. A., Coulibaly, A., Canahua Murillo, A., Pinto, M., Zurita Silva, A., Bazile, D., Jacobsen, S.-E., ve Molina Montenegro, M. A. (2014). Quinoa biodiversity and sustainability for food security under climate change: A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34(2), 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-013-0195-0
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  • Sardans, J., Lambers, H., Preece, C., Alrefaei, A. F., ve Peñuelas, J. (2023). Role of mycorrhizas and root exudates in plant uptake of soil nutrients (calcium, iron, magnesium, and potassium): Has the puzzle been completely solved? The Plant Journal, 115(6), 1237–1255. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.16184
  • Säumel, I., Weber, F., ve Kowarik, I. (2016). Toward livable and healthy urban streets: Roadside vegetation provides ecosystem services where people live and move. Environmental Science ve Policy, 62, 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.11.012
  • Smanov, Z., Duisenbayev, S., Zulpykharov, K., Laiskhanov, S., Turymtayev, Z., Kozhayev, Z., Atasoy, E., ve Taukebayev, O. (2025). Soil salinization and its impact on the degradation of agricultural landscapes of the Talas district, Kazakhstan. Journal of the Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, 75(2), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.2298/IJGI2502233S
  • Snyder, R. L., ve de Melo-Abreu, J. P. (2005). Frost protection: Fundamentals, practice and economics. FAO.
  • Soma, F., Mogami, J., Yoshida, T., ve Nakashima, K. (2020). ABA-unresponsive SnRK2 kinases. Nature Plants, 6(4), 408–420.
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  • Theodorou, P., Radzevičiūtė, R., Lentendu, G., Kahnt, B., Husemann, M., Bleidorn, C., Settele, J., Schweiger, O., Grosse, I., Wubet, T., Murray, T. E., ve Paxton, R. J. (2020). Urban areas as hotspots for bees and pollination but not a panacea for all insects. Nature Communications, 11(1), 576. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14496-6
  • Thilakarathna, M. S., McElroy, M. S., Chapagain, T., Papadopoulos, Y. A., ve Raizada, M. N. (2016). Belowground nitrogen transfer. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 36, 58.
  • Tojić, T., Đorđević, T., Đurović Pejčev, R., Aćimović, M., Božić, D., Radivojević, L., Sarić Krsmanović, M., ve Vrbničanin, S. (2025). Allelopathic potential of Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris from Serbia: Chemical composition and bioactivity on weeds. Plants, 14(11), 1663. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14111663
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  • Yan, A., Wang, Y., Tan, S. N., Mohd Yusof, M. L., Ghosh, S., ve Chen, Z. (2020). Phytoremediation: A promising approach for revegetation of heavy metal-polluted land. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 359. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00359
  • Yoshida, T., Mogami, J., ve Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. (2014). ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling in response to osmotic stress in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 21, 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2014.07.009
  • Zarzyńska, K., Boguszewska-Mańkowska, D., ve Nosalewicz, A. (2017). Differences in size and architecture of the potato cultivars root system and their tolerance to drought stress. Plant, Soil and Environment, 63(3), 159–164. https://doi.org/10.17221/4/2017-PSE
  • Zheng, S., Zhao, W., Liu, Z., Geng, Z., Li, Q., Liu, B., Li, B., ve Bai, J. (2024). Establishment and maintenance of heat-stress memory in plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(16), 8976. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168976
  • Zhou, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wei, Y., ve Jiang, Z. (2018). Effects of lead stress on the growth, physiology, and cellular structure of privet seedlings. PLOS ONE, 13(3), e0191139. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191139
  • Zhou, R., Yu, X., Ottosen, C.-O., Rosenqvist, E., Zhao, L., Wang, Y., Yu, W., Zhao, T., ve Wu, Z. (2017). Drought stress had a predominant effect over heat stress on three tomato cultivars subjected to combined stress. BMC Plant Biology, 17, Article 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-0974-2
Toplam 130 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sebze Yetiştirme ve Islahı
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Şebnem Köklü Ardıç 0000-0002-5769-2963

Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2025
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Köklü Ardıç, Ş. (2025). Geleceğin Kent Bahçeleri: Abiyotik Strese Toleranslı Sebze Türleri ile Sürdürülebilir Tasarım. Bozok Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 136-158. https://doi.org/10.59128/bojans.1786667

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Yazar ad(lar)ı açık olarak ve 11 punto Calibri yazı tipi ile yazılmalı (akademik unvan belirtilmemeli), tüm yazarların adres bilgileri ile yazışma yapılacak yazarın iletişim bilgileri (e-mail, telefon, ORCID ID vb.) belirtilmeli ve 10 punto Calibri yazı tipi kullanılmalıdır. Adresler kelimelerin ilk harfi büyük olacak şekilde, yazar adlarının hemen altında açıkça yazılmalıdır.
(YAZAR ADLARı ve ADRESLERİ, Tam Metinde yazılmamalı, Kapak Yazısı içinde belirtilmelidir). Sayfa Numarası sağ alt köşede verilmelidir.
Dergiye sunulan makale: Özet, Abstract, Giriş, Materyal ve Yöntem, Bulgular ve Tartışma, Sonuç, Teşekkür (gerekirse) ve Kaynaklar bölümlerinden oluşmalıdır.

Başlık: Makale başlığı kısa ve açıklayıcı ve 20 kelimeyi geçmemelidir ve kısaltma içermemelidir.

Özet: Hem Türkçe ve hem de İngilizce özet 250 kelimeyi geçmeyecek şekilde yazılmalı, makalenin amacını, çalışmanın önemli veri ve sonuçlarını içermelidir. İngilizce hazırlanan makalelerde Türkçe özete gerek yoktur.

Anahtar kelimeler: Alfabetik sıraya göre 5 kelimeyi geçmeyecek ve en az 3 kelime olacak şekilde verilmelidir.

Giriş: Bu bölüm çalışmadaki problemi açıkça ifade etmeli, önceki ve özellikle son yıllardaki yapılan ve yayınlanan çalışmaları açıklamalı, çalışmanın amaçlarını açıkça vermelidir.

Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu bölüm, çalışmada kullanılan tüm materyalleri içermeli, yöntemler detaylı açıklanmalı, istatistiksel metotlar açıklanmalıdır.

Sonuçlar ve Tartışma: Çalışmadaki elde edilen veriler ve bulgular tablo ve bilgi olarak verilmeli, önceki yapılan çalışma sonuçlarına göre yorumlanarak tartışılmalıdır.

Teşekkür: Bu bölümde çalışmanın yapılmasına katkı veren kişi, kuruluş ve projelere yer verilebilir.

Şekiller ve çizelgeler: Tüm şekil ve tablolar numaralandırılıp makale içerisinde olması gereken yerde  verilmelidir. Şekil ve tablo genişlikleri 8 veya 15 cm olabilir. Resimler renkli ve her çözünürlükte olabilir. Makalenin sonunda (Kaynaklardan sonra) Şekiller ve tablolar konumlandırılmalıdır. Resim çözünürlükleri iyi (anlaşılabilir) olmalıdır.

Kaynak Gösterme biçimi APA 6'dır
Kaynaklar: Makale içinde tek yazar için yazarın soyadı ve yayım tarihi (Akın, 2022), ikili yazarlarda yazar soyadları arasında ‘ve’ (Karadağ ve Yılmaz 2019) şeklinde verilmelidir. 3 ve daha fazla yazarların atıf ve kaynak gösteriminde ilk yazarın soyadından sonra ‘ve ark.’ (Gürbüz ve ark., 2021) şeklinde yazılmalıdır. Aynı yazarın aynı tarihli birden fazla eserine atıfta bulunulacaksa, yıla bitişik biçimde ‘a, b’ şeklinde harflendirilmesi yapılmalıdır (Gülümser, 2015a,b). Kaynaklar bölümü alfabetik ve kronolojik sıralamaya göre 12 punto -1,25 cm Asılı girinti verilmelidir. Kaynaklar; yararlanılan makale, kitap, kongre bildirisi, kitap bölümü vb. aşağıda verilenler gibi listelenmelidir:

Yazici, K. ve Gülgün B. (2021). The Alternatives Use of Aquatic Plants in Geopark within Approach Landscape Ecology. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 4086–4102.

Gürbüz, Y. (2019). Determination of The Effect of Technological Procedures Applied in Feed Factories on Mixed Feed Nutrition and Forming Quality Critical Points. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(12), 2245–2251.

Gülgün B., Köse, M., Yazici, K., Dursun, Ş., Ankaya, F., ve Köse, H. (2015). Soil polutions in The Environment Created by Developing Technology and Biological Measures in Soil Pollution. Presented at the 5th Internatonal Conference of Ecosystems, Tirana. (Bildiri alıntı örneği)

FAO, (2019). World chestnut production list. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. Access date: 03.06.2020 (Yazarı olmayan web site alıntı)

Yazici, K. (2021).Peyzajın Temel Yapı Taşları. Gece Kitabevi,  Basım sayısı:1, Sayfa sayısı:255, ISBN:978-625-7793-41-4, Ankara. (Kitap alıntı örneği)

Yazici, K. (2018). The Most Recent Studıes in Scıence and Art, Evaluatıon of The Vısual Qualıty of Hıstorıcal Surroundıngs in Urban Landscape wıth Q-Sort Analysıs,  ISBN:978-605-288-356-3, Bölüm Sayfaları:537 -551. (Kitap Böl. Alıntı Örneği).

Yılmaz, G. (1993).Bazı patates (Solanum tuberosum L.) çeşit ve hatlarında genotip x çevre etkileşimleri üzerinde araştırmalar, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi , Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı Anabilim dalı, Doktora Tezi. (Tez alıntı Örneği)

BOZOK TARIM VE DOĞA BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ'nin yayın etiği ve açık erişim politikası, yayın sürecinin tüm paydaşlarının kılavuz ve politikalar doğrultusunda etik ilkelere uymasını şart koşmaktadır (Örneğin, "Yayın Etiği Kurulu (COPE) Davranış Kuralları ve En İyi Uygulama İlkeleri" Dergi Editörleri için; Yayın Etiği Komitesi (Committee on Publication Ethics, COPE) tarafından açık erişimle yayınlanan "Dergi Editörleri için Davranış Kuralları ve En İyi Uygulama Yönergeleri" ve" Dergi Editörleri için COPE En İyi Uygulama Yönergeleri").

Makalelerde kullanılan verilerin manipüle edilmesi, tahrif edilmesi, makyaj verilerinin kullanılması gibi durumların tespiti halinde, bu durum yazar(lar)ın kurumlarına resmi olarak bildirilecek ve makale reddedilecektir. Dergi, editörler ve/veya hakemler tarafından verilen geri bildirimlere göre yazarların analiz sonuçlarının çıktı dosyalarını talep etme hakkına sahiptir.


Yayıncının Etik Sorumlulukları

BOZOK TARIM VE DOĞA BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ' kamu yararınadır ve kar amacı gütmez. Derginin yayın kurulu bir baş editör, bir editör yardımcısı ve alan editörlerinden oluşur. Ayrılan üyenin yerine yeni üye atanır. Editör, makalenin konusuna göre, gerektiğinde yayın kurulu üyesi olmayan ve en az doktora derecesine sahip öğretim üyelerine alan editörü olarak değerlendirilmek üzere makale gönderebilir.

Dergi Yayın Kurulunun Sorumlulukları

Dergiye gönderilen her yazıdan yayın kurulu sorumludur ve yayın kurulu bu sorumluluğun bilincindedir.
Yayın kurulu, dergiyi geliştirmek ve yayın kalitesini sürekli artırmak için çalışmaktadır.
Yayın kurulu, yayın, kör hakemlik, değerlendirme süreci, etik ilkeler gibi dergi politikalarının belirlenmesini ve uygulanmasını sağlar.
Yayın kurulu, makale ve dergilerde fikri mülkiyet hakları, bilim dışı, etik dışı davranışlar ve intihal ile ilgili önlemlerin alınmasından sorumludur.
Dergiye gönderilen yazılar için uzman hakem atama sorumluluğu yayın kuruluna aittir.

BOZOK TARIM VE DOĞA BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ'nde yayınlanan makale, derleme vb. yazılardan ücret alınmaz, ayrıca dergi yazarlara herhangi bir ücret ödemez.

Diğer Dizinler

AcarIndex
ROAD
Academindex
Google Scholar
Dergipark
Akademik Dokümanlar Dizini (Index of Academic Documents [IAD])
OpenAIRE
Scilit
Root Indexing
Crossref