Geleceğin Kent Bahçeleri: Abiyotik Strese Toleranslı Sebze Türleri ile Sürdürülebilir Tasarım

Öz

Abiyotik stres faktörleri (kuraklık, tuzluluk, sıcaklık ekstremleri, ağır metal birikimi) sebzelerin büyüme, gelişme ve verimliliğini sınırlayan en önemli çevresel kısıtlardır. Bu stresler, fotosentez kapasitesinin azalması, iyon toksisitesi, membran bütünlüğünün bozulması ve oksidatif strese yol açarak bitki fizyolojisini olumsuz etkiler. Bununla birlikte, sebze türleri bu baskılar karşısında pasif kalmayıp, osmotik düzenleme, antioksidan savunma sistemlerinin aktivasyonu, iyon homeostazı, morfolojik adaptasyonlar ve hormonal sinyal ağları gibi karmaşık tolerans mekanizmaları geliştirmişlerdir. Son yıllardaki çalışmalar, bu mekanizmalarda genetik düzenlemelerin, transkriptomik adaptasyonların ve rizosfer mikrobiyotasının kritik roller oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu tolerans mekanizmalarının anlaşılması, yalnızca tarımsal verimlilik için değil, aynı zamanda sürdürülebilir kentsel peyzaj uygulamaları için de büyük önem taşımaktadır. Strese dayanıklı sebzeler, peyzaj mimarisine entegre edildiklerinde estetik çeşitlilik sunmalarının yanı sıra gıda üretimi, toprak sağlığının iyileştirilmesi, biyoçeşitliliğin desteklenmesi, yağmur suyu yönetimi, mikro iklim regülasyonu ve hatta fitoremediasyon gibi çok boyutlu ekolojik ve sosyo-ekonomik faydalar sağlarlar. Bu derleme, abiyotik stres tolerans mekanizmalarını inceleyerek, bu türlerin iklim değişikliği etkilerini hafifletici, sürdürülebilir ve üretken kentsel peyzajların tasarımında nasıl stratejik bir araç olarak kullanılabileceğini tartışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Abiyotik stres
• Fitoremediasyon
• Kentsel tarım
• Stres tolerans mekanizmaları
• Sebzeler
• Sürdürülebilir peyzaj

Future Urban Gardens: Sustainable Design with Abiotic Stress-Tolerant Vegetable Species

Öz

Abiotic stress factors (drought, salinity, temperature extremes, heavy metal accumulation) are the most significant environmental constraints limiting the growth, development, and productivity of vegetables. These stresses adversely affect plant physiology by reducing photosynthetic capacity, causing ion toxicity, disrupting membrane integrity, and leading to oxidative stress. However, vegetable species are not passive against these pressures; they have developed complex tolerance mechanisms such as osmotic adjustment, activation of antioxidant defense systems, ion homeostasis, morphological adaptations, and hormonal signaling networks. Recent studies reveal that genetic regulations, transcriptomic adaptations, and rhizosphere microbiota play critical roles in these mechanisms. Understanding these tolerance mechanisms is of great importance not only for agricultural productivity but also for sustainable urban landscape practices. When stress-resistant vegetables are integrated into landscape architecture, they provide multidimensional ecological and socio-economic benefits, such as aesthetic diversity, food production, improved soil health, supported biodiversity, stormwater management, microclimate regulation, and even phytoremediation, alongside their aesthetic value. This review examines abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms and discusses how such species can be used as strategic tools in designing sustainable and productive urban landscapes that mitigate the effects of climate change.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Abiotic stress
• Phytoremediation
• Urban agriculture
• Stress tolerance mechanisms
• Vegetables
• Sustainable landscape

Kaynakça

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