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Geographical Distribution, Tuber Analysis and Ethnobotanical Characteristics of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 137 - 154

Öz

Cyperus rotundus L. (Purple nutsedge) belongs to the genus Cyperus from the Cyperaceae family, and circa 950 species and subspecies of this genus have been described in the world. Within the scope of current studies, it has been understood that purple nutsedge tubers, which need to be combated agriculturally, have many positive aspects on human health. Cyperus rotundus L. is vital in Turkish folk medicine when we examine the subject from an ethnobotanical perspective. It has been determined that tubers are used in folk medicine, especially in the southeastern provinces, for purposes such as stomach and intestinal problems and lowering blood sugar. In this study, we examined all the advantages and disadvantages of the purple nutsedge plant, purple nutsedge plant, and tuber samples collected from different locations of the three provinces in question (in a total of 8 districts) as a result of field studies carried out in Siirt, Batman, and Şırnak, were examined in terms of external morphology and content. In this context, samples were collected from agricultural areas, swamps, and river banks. The elemental differences in the samples obtained from different geographical regions were revealed with ICP-OES Element Analysis in the laboratory of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center (NABİLTEM) laboratory, and pH measurements were also made. In addition to the botanical characteristics of the plant, its geographical distribution and development areas were examined. In this context, the distribution area stated in TÜBİVES (Turkish Plants Data Service) was updated with the findings in Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia. Accordingly, they were digitized with ArcGIS 10.8 and their current locations were mapped. Another focus of the study was to examine the plant in terms of its ethnobotanical properties. The use of the plant in folk medicine as well as its status in the local economy was revealed.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, Z. (2019). Nut grass: A plant with significant medicinal values. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(5):1042 – 1045.
  • Anonim, (2009). Yabancı ot zirai mücadele teknik talimatları. T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Bajpay, A., Nainwal, R.C., Singh, D. ve Tewari, S.K. (2018). Medicinal value of Cyperus rotundus Linn: An updated review, Medicinal Plants – International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 10(3): 165 – 170.
  • Baloch, A., ur Rehman, H., Ibrahim, Z., Buzdar, Mohammad Aslam, Ahmad, S. (2015). The Biology of Balochistani weed: Cyperus rotundus Linnaeus. A Review. Pure Appl. Biol., 4(2): 171-180.
  • Bendixen, L.E. ve Nandihalli, U.B. (1987). Worldwide Distribution of Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus), Weed Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 61 – 65.
  • Bilgir, S. ve Bakırcı, H. (1969). Topalak (Cyperus rotundus L.) yabancı otu ile mücadele imkanları üzerinde araştırmalar. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 9(3),164 – 188.
  • Buckley, S., Usai, D., Jakob, T., Radini, A. ve Hardy, K. (2014). Dental Calculus Reveals Unique Insights into Food Items, Cooking and Plant Processing in Prehistoric Central Sudan. PLOS ONE 9(7): 1 – 10, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100808
  • Christenhusz, M.J.M. ve Byng, J.W. (2016). The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa, 261(3), 201 – 217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
  • Coleman, M., Kristiansen, P., Sindel, B. ve Fyfe, C. (2018). Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus): Weed management guide for Australian vegetable production. School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale.
  • Dhar, P., Dhar, D. G., Rawat, A. K. S. ve Srivastava, S. (2017). Medicinal chemistry and biological potential of Cyperus rotundus Linn.: An overview to discover elite chemotype(s) for industrial use. Industrial Crops and Products, 108, 232 – 247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.05.053
  • Dwyer, J. (2016). Cyperus rotundus L.: An ancient food staple but now designated the world’s worst weed. Twentieth Australasian Weeds Conference, 11-15 September 2016, pp. 251 – 254, Perth, Western Australia.
  • Erbay, M.Ş., Anıl, S. ve Melikoğlu, G. (2017). Plants used as painkiller in folk medicine in Turkey-I stomachache. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 21 (4): 741 – 755.
  • Gençay, A. (2007). Cizre (Şırnak)’nin Etnobotanik Özellikleri, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s. 249, Van.
  • Günal, N. (2013). “Türkiye’de İklimin Doğal Bitki Örtüsü Üzerindeki Etkileri”, Acta Turcica, Çevrimiçi Tematik Türkoloji Dergisi, 5(1): 1 – 22.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. ve Babaç, M.T. (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler), (Baş Editör: Adil Güner), Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, Flora Dizisi 1, İstanbul.
  • Hardy, K. ve Kubiak-Martens, L. (2016). Wild harvest: Plants in the hominin and pre-agrarian human Worlds. (Ed. Karen Hardy, Lucy Kubiak-Martens), Oxbow Books, Oxford/UK.
  • Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V. ve Herberger, J. P. (1977). The world’s worst weeds, distribution and biology. East-West Center, University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Horowitz, M. (1992). Mechanisms of establishment and spreading of Cyperus rotundus — the worst weed of warm regions. Proc. First International Weed Control Congress 1:94–97.
  • Huygh, W., Larridon, I., Reynders, M., Muasya, A.M., Govaerts, R., Simpson, D.A. and Goetghebeur, P. (2010). Nomenclature and typification of names of genera and subdivisions of genera in Cypereae (Cyperaceae): 1. Names of genera in the Cyperus clade. Taxon, 59:1883-1890. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.596021
  • Imam, H., Zarnigar, Sofi, G., Aziz, S. ve Lone, A. (2014). The incredible benefits of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus). International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 4(1): 23-27.
  • Iqbal, J., Hussain, S., Ali, A. ve Javaid, A. (2012). Biology and Management of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 22(2): 384 – 389.
  • Iqbal, J., Ditommaso, A., Rehmani, M.I.A., Jabran, K., Hussain, S., Nasim, W., Fahad, S., Shehzad, M.A., Ali, A. (2019). Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) control through interference by summer crops. Intl. J. Agric. Biol., 21: 1083 ‒ 1088.
  • Ji, H., Liu, D. ve Yang, Z. (2021). High oil accumulation in tuber of yellow nutsedge compared to purple nutsedge is associated with more abundant expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol storage. Biotechnol Biofuels 14(54): 1 – 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-021-01909-x
  • Kamala, A., Middha, S.K. ve Karigar, C.S. (2018). Plants in traditional medicine with special reference to Cyperus rotundus L.: A review. 3 Biotech 8(309): 1 – 11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1328-6
  • Keeley, P. E. (1987). Interference and Interaction of Purple and Yellow Nutsedges (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus) with Crops. Weed Technology 1(1): 74 – 81.
  • Larridon, I., Zuntini, A.R., Léveillé-Bourret, E., Barrett, R.L., Starr, J.R., Muasya, A.M., Villaverde, T., Bauters, K., Brewer, G.E., Bruhl, J.J., Costa, S.M., Elliott, T.L., Epitawalage, N., Escudero, M., Fairlie, I., Goetghebeur, P., Hipp, A.L., Jiménez-Mejías, P., Kikuchi, I.A.B.S., Luceño, M., Márquez-Corro, J.I., Martín-Bravo, S., Maurin, O., Pokorny, L., Roalson, E.H., Semmouri, I., Simpson, D.A., Spalink, D., Thomas, W.W., Wilson, K.L., Xanthos, M., Forest, F., Baker, W.J. (2021). A new classification of Cyperaceae (Poales) supported by phylogenomic data. Journal of Systematics and Evolution Volume 59, Issue 4: Cyperaceae in a Data-Rich Era: New Evolutionary Insights from Solid Frameworks, pp. 852-895.
  • Negbi, M. (1992). A Sweetmeat Plant, a Perfume Plant and Their Weedy Relatives: A Chapter in the Historyof Cyperus esculentus L. and C. rotundus L., Economic Botany, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 64 – 71.
  • Ölker, P. ve Direkçi, B. (2009). Hekim Mehmed Nidâî’nin Manzum Tıp Risâlesi Keyf-i Kitâb-ı Nidâî, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (22), 295 – 306.
  • Pandey, N., Mishra, P. ve Tripathi, Y.B. (2022). Cyperus rotundus and its Anti-Obesity Effect in Swiss Albino Mice. Ann Rev Resear. 7(2): 01-06. DOI: 10.19080/ARR.2022.07.555707 006
  • Peerzada, A. M. (2017). Biology, agricultural impact, and management of Cyperus rotundus L.: The World’s most tenacious weed. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39(12). Doi: 10.1007/s11738-017-2574-7
  • Rafiee Sarbijan Nasab, F., Mohammad Dost Chamanabad, H.R., Aien, A., Alebrahim, M.T. ve Asghari, A. (2020). Evaluation of Integrated Control Methods of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in Transplanted Onion. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(3), 299 – 306. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.519962
  • Rao, J.S. (1968). Studies on the development of tubers in nutgrass and their starch content at different depths of soil. Madras Agriculture Journal 55(1):18 – 23.
  • Skinner, M. ve Urbatsch, L. (2007). USDA Plant Guide: Purple Nutsedge Cyperus rotundus L. USA.
  • Şapçı Selamoğlu, H. (2023). Cyperus / Hasırotu. A. Güner, A. Kandemir, Y. Menemen, H. Yıldırım, S. Aslan, A.Ö. Çimen, I. Güner, G.E. Bone ve F.Ş. Gökmen (Ed.). Resimli Türkiye Florası 4b içinde (ss. 504-507). ANG Vakfı Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Şenkul, Ç. ve Kaya, S. (2017). Türkiye endemik bitkilerinin coğrafi dağılışı. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, (69), 109 – 120. Doi: 10.17211/tcd.322515
  • Tachie-Menson, J.W., Buah, J.N., Adu, M.O. & Afutu, E. (2021). Morphological diversity in purple nutsedge from four agro-ecological zones in Ghana, Heliyon, 7(7): 1 – 10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07661
  • Torlak, H., Vural, M. ve Aytaç, Z. (2010). Türkiye’nin Endemik Bitkileri, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, İstanbul.
  • Ueki, K. (1969). Studies on the control of nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus): On the germination of the tuber. pp. 355 – 370. IN: Proceedings of the second Asian-Pacific weed control interchange. University of the Philippines, Los Banos.
  • World Health Organization (WHO), (2002). Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002 – 2005, World Health Organization Geneva, WHO/EDM/TRM/2002.1 https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/67163/WHO_EDM_TRM_2002.1_eng.pdf?sequence=1 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.02.2024).

Topalak Bitkisinin (Cyperus rotundus L.) Coğrafi Yayılışı, Yumru Analizi ve Etnobotanik Özellikleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 137 - 154

Öz

Topalak (Cyperus rotundus L.), hasırotugillerden Cyperus cinsine mensup olup günümüzde dünya genelinde 950 civarında tür ve alt tür tanımlanmıştır. Güncel çalışmalar kapsamında ise zirai açıdan mücadele edilmesi gereken topalak yumrularının insan sağlığı üzerinde pek çok olumlu yönleri olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Konuyu etnobotanik açıdan incelediğimizde topalak, Türkiye halk hekimliğinde de önemli bir yere sahiptir. Özellikle güneydoğudaki illerde yumruların halk hekimliğinde, ekseriyetle mide ve bağırsak sorunları, şekeri düşürme gibi amaçlarla kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Cyperus rotundus L. bitkisinin tüm bu avantaj ve dezavantajlarını incelediğimiz bu çalışmada Siirt, Batman ve Şırnak’ta yapılan saha çalışmaları neticesinde bahis konusu üç ilin farklı lokasyonlarından (Toplam 8 ilçede) toplanan Cyperus rotundus L. bitkisi ve yumru örnekleri dış morfolojik ve içerik açısından incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda tarım alanları, bataklıklar ve akarsu kenarlarından örnekler toplanmıştır. Elde edilen örnekler Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırmalar Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (NABİLTEM) laboratuvarında ICP-OES Element Analizi ile element içerikleri ortaya konmuş ve bunun yanı sıra pH ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Bitkinin botanik özelliklerinin yanı sıra coğrafi dağılımı ve gelişim sahaları da incelenmiş ve bu kapsamda TÜBİVES’te belirtilen yayılış sahası Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu’daki tespitlerle güncellenmiştir. Buna göre de ArcGIS 10.8 ile sayısallaştırılarak güncel lokasyonları haritalandırılmıştır. Çalışmanın bir diğer odak noktası olan bitkinin etnobotanik özellikleri açısından incelenmesi olmuştur. Bitkinin halk hekimliğinde kullanım biçimi yanı sıra yöre ekonomisindeki durumu ortaya konmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, Z. (2019). Nut grass: A plant with significant medicinal values. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(5):1042 – 1045.
  • Anonim, (2009). Yabancı ot zirai mücadele teknik talimatları. T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Bajpay, A., Nainwal, R.C., Singh, D. ve Tewari, S.K. (2018). Medicinal value of Cyperus rotundus Linn: An updated review, Medicinal Plants – International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 10(3): 165 – 170.
  • Baloch, A., ur Rehman, H., Ibrahim, Z., Buzdar, Mohammad Aslam, Ahmad, S. (2015). The Biology of Balochistani weed: Cyperus rotundus Linnaeus. A Review. Pure Appl. Biol., 4(2): 171-180.
  • Bendixen, L.E. ve Nandihalli, U.B. (1987). Worldwide Distribution of Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus), Weed Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 61 – 65.
  • Bilgir, S. ve Bakırcı, H. (1969). Topalak (Cyperus rotundus L.) yabancı otu ile mücadele imkanları üzerinde araştırmalar. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 9(3),164 – 188.
  • Buckley, S., Usai, D., Jakob, T., Radini, A. ve Hardy, K. (2014). Dental Calculus Reveals Unique Insights into Food Items, Cooking and Plant Processing in Prehistoric Central Sudan. PLOS ONE 9(7): 1 – 10, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100808
  • Christenhusz, M.J.M. ve Byng, J.W. (2016). The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa, 261(3), 201 – 217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
  • Coleman, M., Kristiansen, P., Sindel, B. ve Fyfe, C. (2018). Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus): Weed management guide for Australian vegetable production. School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale.
  • Dhar, P., Dhar, D. G., Rawat, A. K. S. ve Srivastava, S. (2017). Medicinal chemistry and biological potential of Cyperus rotundus Linn.: An overview to discover elite chemotype(s) for industrial use. Industrial Crops and Products, 108, 232 – 247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.05.053
  • Dwyer, J. (2016). Cyperus rotundus L.: An ancient food staple but now designated the world’s worst weed. Twentieth Australasian Weeds Conference, 11-15 September 2016, pp. 251 – 254, Perth, Western Australia.
  • Erbay, M.Ş., Anıl, S. ve Melikoğlu, G. (2017). Plants used as painkiller in folk medicine in Turkey-I stomachache. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 21 (4): 741 – 755.
  • Gençay, A. (2007). Cizre (Şırnak)’nin Etnobotanik Özellikleri, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s. 249, Van.
  • Günal, N. (2013). “Türkiye’de İklimin Doğal Bitki Örtüsü Üzerindeki Etkileri”, Acta Turcica, Çevrimiçi Tematik Türkoloji Dergisi, 5(1): 1 – 22.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. ve Babaç, M.T. (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler), (Baş Editör: Adil Güner), Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, Flora Dizisi 1, İstanbul.
  • Hardy, K. ve Kubiak-Martens, L. (2016). Wild harvest: Plants in the hominin and pre-agrarian human Worlds. (Ed. Karen Hardy, Lucy Kubiak-Martens), Oxbow Books, Oxford/UK.
  • Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V. ve Herberger, J. P. (1977). The world’s worst weeds, distribution and biology. East-West Center, University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Horowitz, M. (1992). Mechanisms of establishment and spreading of Cyperus rotundus — the worst weed of warm regions. Proc. First International Weed Control Congress 1:94–97.
  • Huygh, W., Larridon, I., Reynders, M., Muasya, A.M., Govaerts, R., Simpson, D.A. and Goetghebeur, P. (2010). Nomenclature and typification of names of genera and subdivisions of genera in Cypereae (Cyperaceae): 1. Names of genera in the Cyperus clade. Taxon, 59:1883-1890. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.596021
  • Imam, H., Zarnigar, Sofi, G., Aziz, S. ve Lone, A. (2014). The incredible benefits of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus). International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 4(1): 23-27.
  • Iqbal, J., Hussain, S., Ali, A. ve Javaid, A. (2012). Biology and Management of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 22(2): 384 – 389.
  • Iqbal, J., Ditommaso, A., Rehmani, M.I.A., Jabran, K., Hussain, S., Nasim, W., Fahad, S., Shehzad, M.A., Ali, A. (2019). Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) control through interference by summer crops. Intl. J. Agric. Biol., 21: 1083 ‒ 1088.
  • Ji, H., Liu, D. ve Yang, Z. (2021). High oil accumulation in tuber of yellow nutsedge compared to purple nutsedge is associated with more abundant expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol storage. Biotechnol Biofuels 14(54): 1 – 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-021-01909-x
  • Kamala, A., Middha, S.K. ve Karigar, C.S. (2018). Plants in traditional medicine with special reference to Cyperus rotundus L.: A review. 3 Biotech 8(309): 1 – 11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1328-6
  • Keeley, P. E. (1987). Interference and Interaction of Purple and Yellow Nutsedges (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus) with Crops. Weed Technology 1(1): 74 – 81.
  • Larridon, I., Zuntini, A.R., Léveillé-Bourret, E., Barrett, R.L., Starr, J.R., Muasya, A.M., Villaverde, T., Bauters, K., Brewer, G.E., Bruhl, J.J., Costa, S.M., Elliott, T.L., Epitawalage, N., Escudero, M., Fairlie, I., Goetghebeur, P., Hipp, A.L., Jiménez-Mejías, P., Kikuchi, I.A.B.S., Luceño, M., Márquez-Corro, J.I., Martín-Bravo, S., Maurin, O., Pokorny, L., Roalson, E.H., Semmouri, I., Simpson, D.A., Spalink, D., Thomas, W.W., Wilson, K.L., Xanthos, M., Forest, F., Baker, W.J. (2021). A new classification of Cyperaceae (Poales) supported by phylogenomic data. Journal of Systematics and Evolution Volume 59, Issue 4: Cyperaceae in a Data-Rich Era: New Evolutionary Insights from Solid Frameworks, pp. 852-895.
  • Negbi, M. (1992). A Sweetmeat Plant, a Perfume Plant and Their Weedy Relatives: A Chapter in the Historyof Cyperus esculentus L. and C. rotundus L., Economic Botany, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 64 – 71.
  • Ölker, P. ve Direkçi, B. (2009). Hekim Mehmed Nidâî’nin Manzum Tıp Risâlesi Keyf-i Kitâb-ı Nidâî, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (22), 295 – 306.
  • Pandey, N., Mishra, P. ve Tripathi, Y.B. (2022). Cyperus rotundus and its Anti-Obesity Effect in Swiss Albino Mice. Ann Rev Resear. 7(2): 01-06. DOI: 10.19080/ARR.2022.07.555707 006
  • Peerzada, A. M. (2017). Biology, agricultural impact, and management of Cyperus rotundus L.: The World’s most tenacious weed. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39(12). Doi: 10.1007/s11738-017-2574-7
  • Rafiee Sarbijan Nasab, F., Mohammad Dost Chamanabad, H.R., Aien, A., Alebrahim, M.T. ve Asghari, A. (2020). Evaluation of Integrated Control Methods of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in Transplanted Onion. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(3), 299 – 306. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.519962
  • Rao, J.S. (1968). Studies on the development of tubers in nutgrass and their starch content at different depths of soil. Madras Agriculture Journal 55(1):18 – 23.
  • Skinner, M. ve Urbatsch, L. (2007). USDA Plant Guide: Purple Nutsedge Cyperus rotundus L. USA.
  • Şapçı Selamoğlu, H. (2023). Cyperus / Hasırotu. A. Güner, A. Kandemir, Y. Menemen, H. Yıldırım, S. Aslan, A.Ö. Çimen, I. Güner, G.E. Bone ve F.Ş. Gökmen (Ed.). Resimli Türkiye Florası 4b içinde (ss. 504-507). ANG Vakfı Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Şenkul, Ç. ve Kaya, S. (2017). Türkiye endemik bitkilerinin coğrafi dağılışı. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, (69), 109 – 120. Doi: 10.17211/tcd.322515
  • Tachie-Menson, J.W., Buah, J.N., Adu, M.O. & Afutu, E. (2021). Morphological diversity in purple nutsedge from four agro-ecological zones in Ghana, Heliyon, 7(7): 1 – 10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07661
  • Torlak, H., Vural, M. ve Aytaç, Z. (2010). Türkiye’nin Endemik Bitkileri, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, İstanbul.
  • Ueki, K. (1969). Studies on the control of nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus): On the germination of the tuber. pp. 355 – 370. IN: Proceedings of the second Asian-Pacific weed control interchange. University of the Philippines, Los Banos.
  • World Health Organization (WHO), (2002). Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002 – 2005, World Health Organization Geneva, WHO/EDM/TRM/2002.1 https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/67163/WHO_EDM_TRM_2002.1_eng.pdf?sequence=1 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.02.2024).
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Tarım Ekonomisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Güven Şahin 0000-0002-5054-3711

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 7 Ocak 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 6 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Şahin, G. (2025). Topalak Bitkisinin (Cyperus rotundus L.) Coğrafi Yayılışı, Yumru Analizi ve Etnobotanik Özellikleri. Bozok Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 137-154.