Prematürelerde İntraventriküler Kanama: Risk Faktörleri, Koruyucu Önlemler Ve Nöroprotektif Hemşirelik Bakımı

Year 2024, , 417 - 426, 22.08.2024

Fatma Çarıkçı , Burcu Aykanat Girgin , Yağmur Kul

https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1437959

Abstract

İntraventriküler kanama, yenidoğanlarda nörolojik gelişimi bozabilen ciddi bir komplikasyondur. Prematürelerde doğum sonrası sıklıkla ilk 72 saat içinde görülmekte ve beyin dokusuna zarar vererek hidrosefali, serebral palsi, mental retardasyon gibi ciddi nörolojik sonuçlara yol açabilmektedir. Prematüreler intrauterin gelişimlerini tamamlamadan doğdukları için tüm sistemleri immatürdür. Buna bağlı olarak da pek çok sorunları bulunmakta olup nörolojik komplikasyonlar açısından risk altındadır. Günümüzde, intraventriküler kanamanın önlenmesi veya kanamanın ilerlemesinin durdurulması için herhangi bir tedavi bulunmaması doğum öncesinde, doğum sırasında ve yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde uygulanabilecek koruyucu yaklaşımların önemini arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle yenidoğanın beyin gelişimini korumak ve desteklemek amacıyla yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde kapsamlı ve planlı bir nöroprotektif bakımın sunulması önem taşımaktadır. Nöroprotektif bakım, hemşirelerin yenidoğanın fizyolojik stabilitesini sağlamak üzere hemodinami, ventilasyon, sıvı ve nutrisyonel destek yönetimi alanlarında uyguladıkları girişimleri, yenidoğanın gelişimsel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak şekilde bütünleştirilmiş gelişimsel bakım çerçevesinde sunmalarını gerektirmektedir. Bu derleme, yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde hemşirelerin intraventriküler kanamaların önlenmesinde nöroprotektif ve bütünleştirilmiş gelişimsel bakım sağlamadaki rollerini detaylı bir şekilde ele almaktadır. Hemşirelerin bu alandaki rolleri, yenidoğanların sağlıklı bir şekilde gelişimlerini sürdürebilmeleri için hayati bir öneme sahiptir.

Keywords

İntraventriküler kanama, Nöroprotektif bakım, Prematüre, Yoğun bakım

Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants: Risk Factors, Preventive Strategies, and Neuroprotective Nursing Care

Abstract

Intraventricular hemorrhage is a serious complication that can impair neurological development in newborns. It often occurs within the first 72 hours after birth in premature infants and can lead to serious neurological outcomes such as hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, and mental retardation by damaging brain tissue. Premature infants are born before completing their intrauterine development, thus all their systems are immature. Consequently, they are at risk for many problems, especially neurological complications. Currently, the lack of any treatment to prevent or halt the progression of intraventricular hemorrhage emphasizes the importance of preventive approaches that can be applied before birth, during delivery, and in the neonatal intensive care unit. Therefore, providing comprehensive and planned neuroprotective care in neonatal intensive care units is important to preserve and support the brain development of newborns. Neuroprotective care necessitates nurses to implement interventions in the areas of hemodynamics, ventilation, fluid, and nutritional support management to ensure the physiological stability of the newborn. This review extensively examines the roles of nurses in neonatal intensive care units in providing neuroprotective and integrated developmental care for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhages. The roles of nurses in this field are crucial for the newborns to sustain healthy development.

Keywords

Intraventricular hemorrhage, neuroprotective care, premature, intensive care

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