Akrilonitril-Bütadien-Stiren Terpolimerine Çinko Borat ve Kırmızı Fosfor Sinerjik Etkisi Sayesinde Yanmaya Karşı Dayanım Kazandırılması

Abstract

Akrilonitril-bütadien-stiren (ABS), iyi mekanik özellikleri ve işlenebilirliği nedeniyle yaygın olarak kullanılan bir mühendislik termoplastiği olmakla birlikte, zayıf alev dayanımı ve yanma sırasında damlama eğilimi göstermesi önemli bir dezavantaj oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ABS kopolimerine kırmızı fosfor (RP) ve çinko borat (2ZnO.3B2O5.3,5H2O-ZnB) ilavesiyle elde edilen kompozitlerin mekanik, ısıl ve alev geciktirici özellikleri incelenmiştir. Kompozitler, kapsüllenmiş RP ve ZnB kullanılarak eriyik karıştırma yöntemiyle hazırlanmış ve enjeksiyon kalıplama/sıcak pres teknikleriyle şekillendirilmiştir. Numuneler; Dikey UL-94, Limitleyici Oksijen İndeksi (LOI), konik kalorimetre, erime akış indeksi (MFI), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) ve mekanik testler ile karakterize edilmiştir. RP ve ZnB katkıları, saf ABS’ye kıyasla mekanik özelliklerde sınırlı düşüşe neden olmuş; ancak değerler uygulamalar için kabul edilebilir düzeyde kalmıştır. ZnB ilavesinin, RP içeren kompozitlerde çekme dayanımını nispeten artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. TGA sonuçları, katkılı kompozitlerin ileri bozunma aşamalarında daha yüksek ısıl kararlılık ve artmış kalıntı miktarı sergilediğini göstermiştir. Alev dayanımı testlerinde, saf ABS’nin 19,5 olan LOI değeri 23–24 aralığına yükselmiş ve %30 RP içeriğine sahip kompozit UL-94 V-0 sınıfına ulaşmıştır. En düşük tepe ısı salınım hızı (152,8 kW/m²) ve toplam ısı salınımı (36,0 MJ/m²) değerleri ABS/RP25 ZnB5 kompozitinde elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ZnB ve RP kombinasyonunun ABS için etkili ve sinerjik bir hibrit alev geciktirici sistem sunduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• ABS
• Çinko borat
• Kırmızı fosfor
• Alev geciktirme
• Isısal bozunma

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK BİDEB

Project Number

11398412410130

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, TÜBİTAK BİDEB 2209-B Üniversite Öğrencileri Sanayiye Yönelik Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı 2024 yılı 1. Dönem çağrısı kapsamında 11398412410130 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir

Contribution of Flame Resistance to Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymer via the Synergistic Effect of Zinc Borate and Red Phosphorus

Abstract

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is a widely used engineering thermoplastic due to its favorable mechanical properties and ease of processing; however, its poor flame retardancy and melt-dripping behavior during combustion significantly limit its applications. In this study, the mechanical, thermal, and flame-retardant properties of ABS composites containing red phosphorus (RP) and zinc borate (2ZnO.3B2O5.3,5H2O-ZnB) were systematically investigated. The composites were prepared via melt blending using encapsulated RP and ZnB, followed by injection molding and hot pressing. Flame retardancy and material performance were evaluated using the UL-94 vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry, melt flow index (MFI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical tests. The incorporation of RP and ZnB resulted in moderate reductions in tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact resistance compared to neat ABS; however, all values remained within acceptable ranges for engineering applications. ZnB addition provided relatively higher tensile strength in RPcontaining composites. TGA results revealed that although the composites exhibited earlier degradation onset, they showed enhanced thermal stability at advanced degradation stages and increased char yield, reaching 9.9% for the ABS/25RP-5ZnB composite. Flame retardancy was significantly improved, with the LOI value increasing from 19.5 for neat ABS to 23-24 for the composites, and the formulation containing 30 wt% RP achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating. The lowest peak heat release rate (152.8 kW/m²) and total heat release (36.0 MJ/m²) were obtained for the ABS/RP25 ZnB5 composite. As a result, the combination of ZnB and RP exhibits a synergistic effect, providing an efficient hybrid flame-retardant system for enhancing the thermal stability and fire performance of ABS.

Keywords

• ABS
• Red phosphorus
• Zinc borate
• Flame retardant
• Thermal degradation

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK BİDEB

Project Number

11398412410130

Ethical Statement

This study was supported under the TÜBİTAK BİDEB 2209-B University Students Industry-Oriented Research Projects Support Program, 2024, 1st term call, with project number 11398412410130.

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