LAWSONIA INTRACELLULARIS AS AN ENTERIC PATHOGEN IN HORSES

Year 2023, , 73 - 77, 29.12.2023

Alper Mete

https://doi.org/10.58833/bozokvetsci.1395510

Abstract

Proliferative enteropathy (PE) is a disease caused by Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, that can present with severe clinical findings, especially in foals under 1 year of age, and usually asymptomatically and rarely with clinical findings in horses over 1 year of age. While transmission of the agent can occur via fecal-oral route from symptomatic and/or asymptomatic foals and adult horses, domestic and wild animals such as pigs, cats, dogs, rabbits, opossums, skunks, mice, and jackals can also play a role in the shedding and transmission of the agent by acting as reservoirs. Clinical findings of the disease include high fever, lethargy, peripheral edema, diarrhea, colic, weight loss and associated developmental delay. In diagnosis, methods such as hypoproteinemia, thickening of the small intestine wall on ultrasound examination, positive serology and detection of the agent in the stool by molecular methods are used along with clinical findings. In antimicrobial treatment, macrolide group antibiotics and their combinations such as rifampin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline and doxycillin are generally used. In facilities where the disease is endemic, monitoring foals for clinical findings, measuring serum protein and albumin levels at certain periods, and performing serological examinations are important within the scope of prevention and control measures. This review article aims to provide information about the etiological characteristics of L. intracellularis and the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical findings, methods used in diagnosis, treatment methods and prevention and control measures of the disease caused by the agent.

Keywords

horse, enteric pathogen, Lawsonia intracellularis, infectious disease

ATLARDA ENTERİK PATOJEN OLARAK LAWSONİA İNTRACELLULARİS

Abstract

Proliferatif enteropati (PE) zorunlu hücre içi bakteri türü olan Lawsonia intracellularis tarafından oluşturulan özellikle 1 yaş altındaki taylarda şiddetli klinik bulgularla, 1 yaş üstü atlarda da genellikle asemptomatik olarak, nadiren de klinik bulgularla izleyebilen bir hastalıktır. Etken bulaşması semptomatik ve/veya asemptomatik taylardan ve erişkin atlardan fekal-oral yolla olabileceği gibi domuz, kedi, köpek, tavşan, keseli sıçangiller, kokarca, fare, çakal gibi evcil ve vahşi hayvanların da rezervuar görevi üstlenerek etkenin saçılmasında ve bulaştırılmasında rol oynayabilmektedir. Hastalıkta klinik bulgular olarak yüksek ateş, letarji, periferal ödem, ishal, kolik, kilo kaybı ve buna bağlı gelişme geriliği gibi bulgular görülmektedir. Teşhiste, klinik bulgularla birlikte hipoproteinemi, ultrason muayenesinde ince bağırsak duvarında kalınlaşma görülmesi, pozitif seroloji ve etkenin dışkıda moleküler yöntemlerle tespiti gibi yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Antimikrobiyal tedavide genellikle makrolid grupları antibiyotikler olmak üzere bunların rifampin, kloramfenikol, oksitetrasiklin ve doksisilin kombinasyonları kullanılmaktadır. Hastalığın endemik görüldüğü tesislerde tayların klinik bulgular yönünden izlenmesi, belirli periyotlarda serum protein ve albümin seviyelerin ölçülmesi ve serolojik yoklamaların yapılması korunma ve kontrol önlemleri kapsamında önemlidir. Bu derleme makalesi ile L. intracellularis’in etiyolojik özellikleri ile etkenin neden olduğu hastalığın epidemiyolojisi, patogenezi, klinik bulguları, teşhiste kullanılan metotlar, tedavi yöntemleri ile korunma ve kontrol tedbirleri hakkında bilgi sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

at, enterik patojen, Lawsonia intracellularis, enfeksiyöz hastalık

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