Sığır Mastitislerinde Yaz Mastitisinin Yeri

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 85 - 95, 31.12.2021

Ayşe Birsen Gökalp

Abstract

Mastitis, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde halen yaygınlığını koruyan bir enfeksiyondur. Sığırlarda görülen mastitisin, sadece meme bezine bağlı bir enfeksiyon olmadığı aynı zamanda sütün kalitesini ve miktarını düşürerek, süt endüstrisini de olumsuz yönde etkilediği bilinmektedir. Yönetim stratejilerinin geliştirilememesi, ortamdaki hijyenin sağlanamaması, sütteki yapısal değişiklerin takip edilememesi ve eğitimli personelin olmaması ile birlikte erken tanı ve tedavinin yapılamaması gibi nedenler hazırlayıcı faktörler arasındadır. Genel olarak mastitise neden olan mikroorganizmalar, bulaşıcı ve çevresel etkenler olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar ile birlikte yaz mastitisi etkenleri de bu sınıflandırmaya dahil edilmektedir. Mastitise neden olan patojen mikroorganizmalar, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ve Proteus spp. gibi hem Gram pozitif hem de Gram negatif bakterilerden oluşmaktadır. Yaz mastitisine neden olan mikroorganizmaların ise Trueperella pyogenes, Peptococcus indolicus ve Streptococcus dysgalactiae gibi Gram pozitif, fakültatif anaerob bakteriler olduğu görülmektedir. Mastitis semptomları arasında, sütte yapısal değişiklikler, memede ısı artışı, ağrı ve ödem görülürken, yaz mastitisi semptomlarında ise özellikle Hydrotaea irritans sineklerinin meme başında yapmış olduğu tutulumdan dolayı kötü kokulu akıntılar görülmektedir. Sütün organoleptik muayenesinden sonra direkt mikrobiyolojik analizlerinin yapılması, mastitisin erken tanısı, tedavisi, yönetimi ve önlenmesi için gereklidir. Etken izolasyon ve identifikasyonu ile birlikte antibiyotik duyarlılık testi, yapılacak olan tedavinin etkinliğini artırmaktadır. Hijyen koşullarının sağlanması ile birlikte hayvanların genel durumlarının ve süt verimlerinin takibi mastitisten korunmada etkilidir. Temmuz-eylül ayları arasında sinek kontrolü için dökme veya sprey preparatların kullanılması, sağım sonrası hijyen ve meme başı dolgu macunlarının uygulanması yaz mastitisinden korunmada önemlidir. Sonuç olarak yaz mastitislerine sığır mastitislerinin genel değerlendirilmesinde yer verilmelidir. Mastitisin tedavi öncesi ve sonrası mikrobiyolojik analizlerin yaygınlaştırılması önemini korumaktadır.

Keywords

Bulaşma, Mastitis, Tanı, Tedavi, Yaz mastitisi

The Role of Summer Mastitis in Bovine Mastitis

Abstract

Mastitis is an infection that still maintains its prevalence in developed and developing countries. It is known that mastitis in cattle is not only an infection due to the mammary gland, but also negatively affects the dairy industry, reducing the quality and quantity of milk. Failure to develop management strategies, ensure ambient hygiene, follow structural changes in milk and lack of trained personnel as well as inability to make early diagnosis and treatment are among the predisposing factors. In general, the agents of mastitis are classified as contagious and environmental. Along with recent research, factors of summer mastitis are also included in this classification. Pathogenic microorganisms causing mastitis, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus spp. consists of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is seen that the microorganisms causing summer mastitis are Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria such as Trueperella pyogenes, Peptococcus indolicus, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Symptoms of mastitis include structural changes of milk, increased breast heat, pain and edema, while summer mastitis symptoms show malodorous discharge, especially due to the involvement of Hydrotaea irritans flies in the teat. Direct microbiological analysis of milk after organoleptic examination is essential for early diagnosis, treatment, management and prevention of mastitis. Analysis of antibiotic sensitivity along with isolation and identification of factors increases the effectiveness of the treatment. Monitoring daily milk texture, body condition of cattle as well as conducting sanitation of farm are important to prevent mastitis. Use of pouring or spray preparations for fly control from july to september, post-milking hygiene and application of teat fillers are important in preventing summer mastitis. As a result, summer mastitis, which is included in mastitis, should be included in the general assessment of bovine mastitis. Dissemination of pre- and post-treatment microbiological analyzes of mastitis maintains its importance.

Keywords

Transmission, Mastitis, Diagnosis, Treatment, Summer mastitis

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