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Kayseri’de Tüketilen Sularda Kalsiyum, Magnezyum ve ÇKM Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1-2, 28 - 33, 15.12.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Kayseri’de içme suyu olarak kullanılan şebeke, arıtma ve damacana sularının; Ca, Mg ve toplam çözünmüş katı madde (ÇKM) içeriklerini belirleyerek standartlara uygunluk açısından değerlendirmektir. Toplanan içme suyu örneklerinde maksimum ve minimum Ca miktarı sırasıyla; şebeke, damacana ve arıtma sularında 17-6.5 mg/l, 12-6.2 mg/l ve 20-0.2 mg/l; Mg miktarı; 76-5.4 mg/l, 29-7.5 mg/l; 37-0.3 mg/l; ÇKM miktarları ise 978-122 mg/l; 5044- 0.27 mg/l; 714-0.34 mg/l olarak bulunmuştur. Toplanan örneklerden hiçbirinin WHO (2011) tarafından içme suyu için belirlenen düzeyde Ca (75 mg/l) içermediği (%100), ilaveten toplam 59 örneğin (% 81.9; 15 şebeke, 20 arıtma ve 24 damacana) Mg standartlarına (30 mg/l), 63 (% 95.8; 22 şebeke, 20 damacana ve 21 arıtma) örneğin ise ÇKM standartlarına (500 mg/l) uygun olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ortalama ÇKM değerleri incelendiğinde bütün şebeke sularında dengeli bir dağılım bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Genel olarak farklı arıtma sularındaki Ca, Mg ve ÇKM değerleri arasında çok büyük farklılıklar göze çarpmıştır. Farklı markalara ait arıtma ve damacana su örnekleri arasındaki fark istatistik olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak Ca, Mg ve ÇKM bulguları değerlendirildiğinde uluslararası içme suyu standartları açısından şebeke sularının daha uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

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  • 2. Oparaocha ET, Iroegbu OC, Obi RK. Assessment of the quality of drinking water sources. Journal of Applied Biosciences 2010; 1964-1976.
  • 3. WHO. Hardness in Drinking-water. Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality 2011; p.1-10.
  • 4. Kozisek F. Health risks from drinking demineralised water. National Institute of Public Health Czech Republic 2004; 148-163.
  • 5. Borlu A, Balcı E, Öztürk A. Kayseri İl Merkezindeki Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerine Başvuranların Ambalajlı Su Kullanımına İlişkin Görüş ve Davranışları. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. İkinci Uluslararası Su ve Sağlık Kongresi. 113-118, 2017; Türkiye.
  • 6. Maden H, Çetinkaya K, Akgül Evlen H. Historical development of water treatment device and optimization according to sink bottom dimensions. Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences 2019; 5: 77-90.
  • 7. Kozisek F, MD, PhD. Health significance of drinking water calcium and magnesium. National Institute of Public Health 2003; 1-29.
  • 8. Marx, A, Neutra, RR. Magnesium in drinking water and ischemic heart disease. Epidemiologic Reviews 1997; 19: 258-272.
  • 9. Durlach, J. Recommended dietary amounts of magnesium: Mg Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). Magnesium Research 1989; 2: 195-203.
  • 10. Kozisek F. Health effects of long term consumption of water low in calcium, magnezyum or TDS: Studies from eastern Europe. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Health Aspects of Calcium and Magnesium in Drinking Water 2006; 1-11.
  • 11. Boysan F, Şengörür B. The importance of water hardness for human health. Sakarya University Journal of Science 2009; 13: 7-10.
  • 12. Donato F, Monarca S, Premi S, Gelatti U. Drinking water hardness and chronic degenerative diseases. Part III. Tumors, Urolithiasis, Fetal Malformations, Deterioration of The Cognitive Function in The Aged and Atopic Eczema (In Italian) 2003; 15: 57-70.
  • 13. Yang C, Fen Chlu H, Fen Chiu J, Shyue S, Fen Cheng M. On the health significance of microelements in low-mineral water. The Official Journal of the Japanese Cancer Association 1997; 88: 928-933.
  • 14. Şavik E, Demer S, Memiş Ü, Doguç DK, Çalışkan TA, Sezer MT, Gültekin F, Özgür N. Isparta ve civarında tüketilen suların içerik ve sağlık açısından değerlendirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi. Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2012; 19: 92-102.
  • 15. Alemdar S, Ağaoğlu S, Ekici K, Dede S. Investigations on microbiological, physical and chemical quality of spring and water of Van. Van Medical Journal 1999; 6: 30-33.
  • 16. Ağaoğlu S, Alemdar S, Kahraman T, Alişarlı M. Some microbiological and physicochemical properties of drinking water in bitlis province. Ecology 2009; 19: 29-38.
  • 17. Leoni V, Fabiani L, Ticchiarelli L. “Cardiovascular mortality rate in abrizza, ıtaly'” archieves of environmental health 1985; 40: 274-278.
  • 18. Lutai GF. Chemical composition of the drinking water and the health of the population. (In Russian) Gig. Sanit., 1992; 57: 13-15.
  • 19. Azoulay A, Garzon P, Eisenberg MJ. Comparison of the mineral content of mains water and bottled waters. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2001; 16: 168– 175.
  • 20. Bong YS, Ryu J-S, Lee K-S. Characterizing the origins of bottled water on the south korean market using chemical and ısotopic compositions. Analytica Chimica Acta 2009; 631: 189– 195.
  • 21. Morr S, Cuartas E, Alwattar B, Lane JM. How much calcium is in your drinking water? a survey of calcium concentrations in bottled and mains water and their significance for medical treatment and drug administration. HSS Journal 2006; 2: 130–135.
  • 22. Jasmin I, Mallikarjuna P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality ındex for araniar river basin, tamil nadu, ındia. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 2014; 186: 935–948.
  • 23. Kuppuraj RM, Selvaraj D, Govindaraj S, Rangaswamy M, Raj J. Assessment of groundwater quality in the flood plains of upper palar river, India. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 2012; 31: 15–23.
  • 24. Hınıs M. Aksaray İli İçme Suyu Kaynaklarının Arıtma Öncesi Organik Madde Miktarı Bakımından İncelenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniv Fen Bil Ens, Konya 2007; s.1-96.
  • 25. WHO. Water sanitation and health programme. managing water in the home: accelerated health gains from ımproved water sources. World Health Organization 2004; 5-10.
  • 26. Güler Ç. Su Kalitesi, Birinci Baskı, Ankara, Çevre Sağlığı Temel Kaynak Serisi 1997; p.54.
  • 27. Gibson RS, Vanderkooy PS, McLennan CE, Mercer NM. Contribution of mains water to the mineral ıntakes of canadianpre-school children. Environmental Health 1987; 42: 165-169.
  • 28. Paksy L, Lengyel A, Banhidi O. The use of math-statistical methods, evaluation of data obtained from chemical analysis according to the state of the environmental. Microchemistry Journal 1998; 59: 258-268.
  • 29. Riva M, Pascarelli R, Mannino S, Brazzarotto C. Hydrochemical balance of natural minerals. Characterization by Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Ind. Bevande 1989; 183: 53-361.
  • 30. Coen G, Sardella D, Barbera G, Ferrannini M, Comegna C, Ferazzoli F, Dinnella A, D´Anello E, Simeoni P. Urinary composition and lithogenic risk in normal subjects following oligomineral versus bicarbonate-alkaline high calcium mineral water intake. Urol Int 2001; 67: 49-53.
  • 31. Durlach J, Bara M, Guiet-Bara A. Magnesium level in drinking water and cardiovascular risk factor: a hypothesis. Magnesium 1985; 4: 5-15.
Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1-2, 28 - 33, 15.12.2020

Abstract

References

  • 1. Sengupta P. Potential health effects of hard water. İnternational Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013; 866-875.
  • 2. Oparaocha ET, Iroegbu OC, Obi RK. Assessment of the quality of drinking water sources. Journal of Applied Biosciences 2010; 1964-1976.
  • 3. WHO. Hardness in Drinking-water. Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality 2011; p.1-10.
  • 4. Kozisek F. Health risks from drinking demineralised water. National Institute of Public Health Czech Republic 2004; 148-163.
  • 5. Borlu A, Balcı E, Öztürk A. Kayseri İl Merkezindeki Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerine Başvuranların Ambalajlı Su Kullanımına İlişkin Görüş ve Davranışları. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. İkinci Uluslararası Su ve Sağlık Kongresi. 113-118, 2017; Türkiye.
  • 6. Maden H, Çetinkaya K, Akgül Evlen H. Historical development of water treatment device and optimization according to sink bottom dimensions. Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences 2019; 5: 77-90.
  • 7. Kozisek F, MD, PhD. Health significance of drinking water calcium and magnesium. National Institute of Public Health 2003; 1-29.
  • 8. Marx, A, Neutra, RR. Magnesium in drinking water and ischemic heart disease. Epidemiologic Reviews 1997; 19: 258-272.
  • 9. Durlach, J. Recommended dietary amounts of magnesium: Mg Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). Magnesium Research 1989; 2: 195-203.
  • 10. Kozisek F. Health effects of long term consumption of water low in calcium, magnezyum or TDS: Studies from eastern Europe. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Health Aspects of Calcium and Magnesium in Drinking Water 2006; 1-11.
  • 11. Boysan F, Şengörür B. The importance of water hardness for human health. Sakarya University Journal of Science 2009; 13: 7-10.
  • 12. Donato F, Monarca S, Premi S, Gelatti U. Drinking water hardness and chronic degenerative diseases. Part III. Tumors, Urolithiasis, Fetal Malformations, Deterioration of The Cognitive Function in The Aged and Atopic Eczema (In Italian) 2003; 15: 57-70.
  • 13. Yang C, Fen Chlu H, Fen Chiu J, Shyue S, Fen Cheng M. On the health significance of microelements in low-mineral water. The Official Journal of the Japanese Cancer Association 1997; 88: 928-933.
  • 14. Şavik E, Demer S, Memiş Ü, Doguç DK, Çalışkan TA, Sezer MT, Gültekin F, Özgür N. Isparta ve civarında tüketilen suların içerik ve sağlık açısından değerlendirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi. Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2012; 19: 92-102.
  • 15. Alemdar S, Ağaoğlu S, Ekici K, Dede S. Investigations on microbiological, physical and chemical quality of spring and water of Van. Van Medical Journal 1999; 6: 30-33.
  • 16. Ağaoğlu S, Alemdar S, Kahraman T, Alişarlı M. Some microbiological and physicochemical properties of drinking water in bitlis province. Ecology 2009; 19: 29-38.
  • 17. Leoni V, Fabiani L, Ticchiarelli L. “Cardiovascular mortality rate in abrizza, ıtaly'” archieves of environmental health 1985; 40: 274-278.
  • 18. Lutai GF. Chemical composition of the drinking water and the health of the population. (In Russian) Gig. Sanit., 1992; 57: 13-15.
  • 19. Azoulay A, Garzon P, Eisenberg MJ. Comparison of the mineral content of mains water and bottled waters. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2001; 16: 168– 175.
  • 20. Bong YS, Ryu J-S, Lee K-S. Characterizing the origins of bottled water on the south korean market using chemical and ısotopic compositions. Analytica Chimica Acta 2009; 631: 189– 195.
  • 21. Morr S, Cuartas E, Alwattar B, Lane JM. How much calcium is in your drinking water? a survey of calcium concentrations in bottled and mains water and their significance for medical treatment and drug administration. HSS Journal 2006; 2: 130–135.
  • 22. Jasmin I, Mallikarjuna P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality ındex for araniar river basin, tamil nadu, ındia. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 2014; 186: 935–948.
  • 23. Kuppuraj RM, Selvaraj D, Govindaraj S, Rangaswamy M, Raj J. Assessment of groundwater quality in the flood plains of upper palar river, India. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 2012; 31: 15–23.
  • 24. Hınıs M. Aksaray İli İçme Suyu Kaynaklarının Arıtma Öncesi Organik Madde Miktarı Bakımından İncelenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniv Fen Bil Ens, Konya 2007; s.1-96.
  • 25. WHO. Water sanitation and health programme. managing water in the home: accelerated health gains from ımproved water sources. World Health Organization 2004; 5-10.
  • 26. Güler Ç. Su Kalitesi, Birinci Baskı, Ankara, Çevre Sağlığı Temel Kaynak Serisi 1997; p.54.
  • 27. Gibson RS, Vanderkooy PS, McLennan CE, Mercer NM. Contribution of mains water to the mineral ıntakes of canadianpre-school children. Environmental Health 1987; 42: 165-169.
  • 28. Paksy L, Lengyel A, Banhidi O. The use of math-statistical methods, evaluation of data obtained from chemical analysis according to the state of the environmental. Microchemistry Journal 1998; 59: 258-268.
  • 29. Riva M, Pascarelli R, Mannino S, Brazzarotto C. Hydrochemical balance of natural minerals. Characterization by Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Ind. Bevande 1989; 183: 53-361.
  • 30. Coen G, Sardella D, Barbera G, Ferrannini M, Comegna C, Ferazzoli F, Dinnella A, D´Anello E, Simeoni P. Urinary composition and lithogenic risk in normal subjects following oligomineral versus bicarbonate-alkaline high calcium mineral water intake. Urol Int 2001; 67: 49-53.
  • 31. Durlach J, Bara M, Guiet-Bara A. Magnesium level in drinking water and cardiovascular risk factor: a hypothesis. Magnesium 1985; 4: 5-15.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gözde Yıldırım This is me 0000-0001-9462-3046

Yeliz Yıldırım This is me 0000-0001-8783-3889

Publication Date December 15, 2020
Submission Date October 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 1 Issue: 1-2

Cite

Vancouver Yıldırım G, Yıldırım Y. Kayseri’de Tüketilen Sularda Kalsiyum, Magnezyum ve ÇKM Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Bozok Vet Sci. 2020;1(1-2):28-33.