İshalli Buzağılarda Prokalsitonin ve Sitokin Düzeyleri

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 35 - 42

Oğuzhan Aslandoğan , Vehbi Güneş

https://doi.org/10.58833/bozokvetsci.1500824

Abstract

Prokalsitonin (PCT), tiroid C hücrelerinde salınan bir akut faz proteinidir. Özel sitokinlerin (TNF-α, IL-6 ve IL-8) üretiminden sonra hızlı bir şekilde artma kabiliyeti nedeniyle bakteriyel ve parazitik enfeksiyonlardaki provokatif reaksiyonlarda ölçülebilir bir belirteç olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ishalli buzağıların serumunda prokalsitonin (PCT) ve seçilmiş proinflamatuar sitokin (TNF-α, IL-6) düzeyleri ile hastalığın teşhisi şiddeti arasındaki ilişkilerin tanımlanması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla 1-30 günlük yaşta farklı ırklardan (holstein, simental, jersey) 45 adet ishalli buzağı ve 15 adet 1-30 günlük sağlıklı buzağı (Grup 1) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çalışmada kullanılan ishalli buzağılar 3 gruba ayrıldı. Grup 2: hafif (n=15), Grup 3: şiddetli (n=15), Grup 4: ise komatöz (n=15) hasta gruplarını oluşturdu. Buzağıların vena jugularis’lerinden tam kan sayımı, kan gazı analizleri ve ELISA analizleri için uygun kan örnekleri alındı. TNF-α, IL-6 ve PCT analizleri ticari ELISA kitlerinin uygulama prosedürüne uygun olarak yapıldı. Hafif (456.54 ± 115.35 ng/ml), şiddetli (473.19 ± 120.50 ng/ml) ve komatöz (459.51 ± 99.14 ng/ml) ishalli buzağıların ortalama PCT konsantrasyonları, sağlıklı buzağılardan (315.70 ± 83.90 ng/ml) elde edilen değerlerden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu (p≤0.01). Sonuç olarak serum PCT düzeylerinin enfeksiyöz buzağı ishallerinde güvenilir bir yangısel biyobelirteç olduğu, hastalığın takibi ve şiddetinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabileceği değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

Diyare, prokalsitonin, buzağı

Ethical Statement

Erciyes Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulundan 13.01.2016 tarih ve 16/010 nolu kararı

Supporting Institution

Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Thanks

Yazarlar olarak Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi yönetici ve çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz.

Procalcitonin and Cytokin Levels in Calves with Diarhoe

Abstract

Procalcitonin (PCT) is an acute phase protein released in thyroid C cells. It is considered a measurable marker in provocative reactions in bacterial and parasitic infections due to its ability to increase rapidly after the production of specific cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8). This study aimed to define the relationships between procalcitonin (PCT) and selected proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6) levels in the serum of calves with diarrhea and the severity of the disease diagnosis. For this purpose, 45 diarrheal calves of different breeds (Holstein, Simmental, Jersey) aged 1-30 days and 15 healthy calves (Group 1) aged 1-30 days were included in the study. Diarrheal calves used in the study were divided into 3 groups. Group 2: mild (n=15), Group 3: severe (n=15), and Group 4: comatose (n=15) patient groups. Blood samples suitable for complete blood count, blood gas analysis and ELISA analysis were taken from the jugular vein of the calves. TNF-α, IL-6 and PCT analyzes were performed in accordance with the application procedure of commercial ELISA kits. The mean PCT concentrations of calves with mild (456.54 ± 115.35 ng/ml), severe (473.19 ± 120.50 ng/ml) and comatose (459.51 ± 99.14 ng/ml) diarrhea were statistically higher than the values obtained from healthy calves (315.70 ± 83.90 ng/ml). was found to be significantly higher (p≤0.01). As a result, it was evaluated that serum PCT levels are a reliable inflammatory biomarker in infectious calf diarrhea and can be used in monitoring and determining the severity of the disease.

Keywords

Diarrhoe, procalcitonin, calf

References

• 1. Kim YB: Developmental immunity in the piglet. Birth Defects Orig Artic Seri, 1975; 11: 549-557.
• 2. Fecteau G, Smith BP, George LW. Septicemia and meningitis in the newborn calf. Vet Clin North Am food Anim Pract. 2009; 25(1): 195-208.
• 3. Pas ML, Bokma J, Lowie T, Boyen f, Pardon B. Sepsis and survival in critically ill calves: Risk factors and antimicrobial use. J Vet Intern Med. 2023; 37(1): 374-89.
• 4. Robison JD, Stott GH, De Nise SK. Effects of passive immunity on growth and survival in the dairy heifer. J Dairy Sci, 1988; 71: 1283-1287.
• 5. Mee JF Newborn dairy calf management. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 2008; 24: 1-17.
• 6. Uetake K. Newborn calf welfare: A review focusing on mortality rates. Anim Sci J, 2013; 84(2): 101-5.
• 7. Altınsoy AM, Altunok V. Neonatal buzağı septisemileri için potansiyel bir biyobelirteç adayı: Presepsin: Geleneksel derleme. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2024; 15(1): 23-9.
• 8. Guzelbektes H, Sen I, Aydogdu u, Er C, Coşkun A. Investigation of cytokine levels in calves with sepsis. J Hellenic Vet Med Soc. 2022; 73(2): 4113-8.
• 9. Assicot M, Gendrel D, Carsin H, Raymond J, Guilbaud J, Bohuon C: High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection. Lancet, 1993; 341 (8844): 515-51813.
• 10. Müller B, White JC, Nylén ES, Snider RH, Becker KL, Habener JF. Ubiquitous expression of the calcitonin-1 gene in multiple tissues in response to sepsis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2001; 86: 396–404.
• 11. Maturr ve ark. 2017). Matur E, Eraslan E, Çötelioğlu Ü. (2017). Biology of Procalcitonin and its Potential Role in Veterinary Medicine. J. Istanbul vet sci. 1(1): 16-27.
• 12. Kuzi S, Aroch I, Peleg K, Karnieli O, Klement E, Dank G. Canine procalcitonin messenger RNA expression. J Vet Diagn Investig, 2008; 24(5): 629-633.
• 13. Brkljac ic M. Torti M. Pleadin J, Mrljak V, Smit I, Kis I, Mayer I, Crnogaj M, Matijatko V. The concentrations of inflammatory markers the aminoterminal portion of C-type pronatriuretic peptide and procalcitonin in canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis. Vet Arh, 2014; 44(6): 575-589.
• 14. Easley F, Holowaychuk MK, Lashnits EW, Nordone SK, Marr H, Birkenheuer AJ. Serum procalcitonin concentrations in dogs with induced endotoxemia. J Vet Intern Med, 2020; 34(2): 653-658.
• 15. Rieger M, Kochleus C, Teschner D, Rascher D, Barton AK, Geerlof A, Kremmer E, Schmid M, Hartmann A, Gehlen H. A new ELISA for the quantification of equine procalcitonin in plasma as potential inflammation biomarker in horses. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2014; 406(22): 5507-5512.
• 16. Teschner D, Rieger M, Koopmann C, Gehlen H. Procalcitonin in horses with an acute colic. Pferdeheilkunde, 2015; 31(4): 371–377.
• 17. Arslan S, Altuğ N, Muz MN, Yüksek N, Başbuğan Y, Orunç Kılıç Ö. Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin (PCT), C reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO) levels, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in sheep with natural babesiosis before and after treatment. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci, 2018; 42(6): 512- 520.
• 18. Akgül G, Akgul MB, Ozen D, S Kahya D. Comparison of Serum Procalcitoin, Haptoglobin and C-Reactive Protein Level in Goat with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Indian J Anim Res, 2018; 52(12): 1778-1781.
• 19. Başbuğ O, Yurdakul İ, Yuksel M. Evaluation of Serum Amyloid A and Procalcitonin in Some Inflammatory Diseases of Cattle. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 2020; 26(3): 397-402.
• 20. El-Deeb W, Elsohaby I, Fayez M, Mkrtchyan HV, El-Etriby D, ElGioushy M. Use of procalcitonin, neopterin, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and proinflammatory cytokines in diagnosis and prognosis of bovine respiratory disease in feedlot calves under field conditions. Acta Trop, 2020; 204: 105336.
• 21. El-Deeb W, Fayez M, Alhumam N, Elsohaby I, Quadri SA, Mkrtchyan H. The effect of staphylococcal mastitis including resistant strains on serum procalcitonin, neopterin, acute phase response and stress biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows. Peer J, 2021; 9: e11511.
• 22. Bonelli F, Meucci V, Divers TJ, Boccardo A, Pravettoni D, Meylan M, Belloli AG, Sgorbini M. Plasma procalcitonin concentration in healthy calves and those with septic systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Vet J, 2018; 234: 61-65.
• 23. Akyüz E, Gökce G. Neopterin, procalcitonin, clinical biochemistry, and hematology in calves with neonatal sepsis. Trop Anim Health Prod, 2021; 53: 354.
• 24. Sayers RG, Kennedy A, Krump L, Sayers GP, Kennedy E: An observational study using blood gas analysis to assess neonatal calf diarrhoea and subsequent recovery with a European Commission-compliant oral electrolyte solution. J Dairy Sci, 2016; 99 (6): 4647-4655.
• 25. Keleş İ, Ekinci G, Tüfekçi E, Çitil M, Güneş V, Aslan Ö, Onmaz AC, Karaca Bekdik İ, Varol K, Deniz: Etiological and predisposing factors in calves with neonatal diarrhea: A clinical study in 270 case series. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 2022; 28 (3): 315-326
• 26. Berber E, Çanakoglu N, Sözdutmaz İ, Simsek E, Sursal N, Ekinci G, Kökkaya S, Arıkan E, Ambarcıoglu P, Göksu AG, Keleş İ. Seasonal and Age-Associated Pathogen Distribution in Newborn Calves with Diarrhea Admitted to ICU. Vet. Sci. 2021; 8: 128.
• 27. Ekinci G, Tüfekçi E, Cissé Y, Bekdik İK, Onmaz AC, Aslan Ö, Güneş V, Çitil M, Keleş İ. Chloride and lactate as prognostic indicators of calf diarrhea from eighty-nine cases. J Vet Sci. 2024; 25(3): e38.
• 28. Ekinci G, Tüfekçi E, Onmaz AC, Çitil M, Keleş İ, Güneş V. Erciyes Üniversitesi Hayvan Hastanesi’ne 2019-2021 yılları arasında getirilen neonatal ishalli buzağılarda majör enteropatojenlerin yaygınlığının araştırılması. Erciyes Univ Vet Fak Derg, 2022; 19(2): 113-122.
• 29. Özkan C, Akgül Y. Neonatal İshalli Buzağılarda Hematolojik, Biyokimyasal ve Elektrokardiyografik Bulgular. YYU Vet Fak Derg, 2004; 15 (1-2): 123-129.
• 30. Kasimanickam RK, Kasimanickam VR, Olsen JR, Jeffress EJ, Moore DA, Kastelic JP. Associations among serum pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, metabolic mediators, body condition, and uterine disease in postpartum dairy cows. Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 2013; 11(1): 1-3.
• 31. Davies J. Procalcitonin. J Clin Pathol. 2015; 68(9): 675-9.
• 32. Yılmaz Z, Ilcol YO, Ulus IH. Endotoxin increases plasma leptin and ghrelin levels in dogs. Crit Care Med, 2008; 36(3): 828-33.
• 33. Rieger M, Kochleus C, Teschner D, Rascher D, Barton AK, Geerlof A, Kremmer E, Schmid M, Hartmann A, Gehlen H. A new ELISA for the quantification of equine procalcitonin in plasma as potential inflammation biomarker in horses. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2014; 406(22): 5507-5512.
• 34. Bonelli F, Meucci V, Divers T, Radcli E R, Jose-Cunilleras E, Corazza M, Guidi G, Tognetti R, Castagnetti C, Intorre L, Sgorbini M. Evaluation of plasma procalcitonin concentrations in healthy foals and foals affected by septic systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Equine Vet Sci, 2015a; 35: 645-649.
• 35. Ercan N, Tuzcu N, Başbug O, Tuzcu M, Alim A. Diagnostic value of serum procalcitonin, neopterin, and gamma interferon in neonatal calves with septicemic colibacillosis. J Vet Diagn Invest, 2016; 28(2): 180-183.
• 36. Huang MY, Chen CY, Chien JH, Wu KH, Chang YJ, Wu KH, Wu HP. Serum Procalcitonin and Procalcitonin Clearance as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Biomed Res Int, 2016; 2016: 1758501.
• 37. Wilson WD, Madigan JE. Comparison of bacteriologic culture of blood and necropsy specimens for determining the cause of foal septicemia: 47 cases (1978-1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 1989; 195: 1759-1763.