The Cognitive Behavioral Case Formulation of Panic Disorder

Abstract

When panic disorder is distinguished from phobias, it becomes evident that its prevalence in society is higher than previously thought. Although this disorder can be addressed with many psychotherapy approaches. However, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is known to be one of the most effective. In the cognitive-behavioral approach, one of the most fundamental aspects of addressing panic disorder, as with other disorders, is case formulation. Case formulation, which centers on cognitive behavioral theory, involves identifying the individual's current problems and making inferences about causes, problem lists, dysfunctional beliefs, maintaining factors, and protective factors that can guide the intervention. Additionally, case formulation helps explain why the individual is experiencing the problem at this moment, make consistent and explanatory inferences based on theory, and create a roadmap for deciding on the intervention. Therefore, case formulation in panic disorder has been found intriguing by various researchers, leading to the development of several models. This review focuses on the revised cognitive model of panic disorder and its guiding role in case formulation, developed based on the panic model used for formulating panic disorder.

Keywords

• panic disorder
• cognitive behavioral therapy
• case formulation

Panik Bozukluğun Bilişsel Davranışçı Vaka Formülasyonu

Abstract

Panik bozukluğun fobilerden ayırdına gidilebildiğinde toplumdaki yaygınlığının sanılandan da fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bozukluk pek çok psikoterapi yaklaşımı ile ele alınsa da en etkili yaklaşımlardan birinin bilişsel davranışçı terapi olduğu bilinmektedir. Bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşımda panik bozukluğun ele alınmasında en temel noktalardan biri, diğer bozukluklarda da olduğu gibi vaka formülasyonundan geçmektedir. Vaka formülasyonu, bilişsel davranışçı teoriyi merkeze alarak bireyin halihazırda var olan problemlerini tanımlamayı içerdiği gibi; müdahaleye rehberlik sağlayabilecek nedenler, problem listesi, işlevsiz inançlar, sürdürücüler ve koruyucu faktörler hakkında çıkarımlar yapmayı da sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca vaka formülasyonu ile bireyin sahip olduğu problemi neden şu anda yaşıyor olduğunu açıklamak, teoriye dayalı tutarlı ve açıklayıcı çıkarımlar yapmak, müdahaleye karar vermek için yol haritası oluşturulmaktadır. Bu nedenle panik bozuklukta vaka formülasyonu çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından ilgi çekici bulunmuştur ve bu hususta çeşitli modeller geliştirilmiştir. Bu derleme çalışmasında panik bozukluğun formülasyonu için kullanılan panik modelden yola çıkılarak geliştirilmiş olan yenilenmiş bilişsel panik bozukluk modeline ve bu modelin vaka formülasyonunu oluşturmada üstlendiği rehber role odaklanılmıştır.

Keywords

• Panik bozukluk
• Bilişsel davranışçı terapi
• Vaka formülasyonu

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