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The Relationship Between Alcohol and Substance Addiction and Death Anxiety: A comparative study

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 29 - 40, 31.01.2025

Feride Yüksel Barış , Hakan Coşkunol

https://doi.org/10.56955/bpd.1539543

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship between alcohol and drug dependence and death anxiety. To this end, the API short scale, the Abdel-Khalek Death Anxiety Scale and a sociodemographic form were administered to 69 individuals receiving support for substance dependence and 80 individuals who did not consume alcohol or drugs. According to the results, fear of visual stimuli (t=-6.50; p<0.05), fear of other reminders (t=-4.39; p<0.05), fear of death itself (t=-3.09; p<0.05) and death anxiety (t=-3.23; p<0.05) scores showed significant differences between the two groups. Participants who did not use alcohol and drugs had significantly higher fear of visual stimuli, fear of other reminders, fear of death itself and death anxiety scores than participants who received support for alcohol and drug addiction. A positive and significant relationship was found between the Diagnosis subdimension score (r=0.25; p<0.05) and the Addiction Severity Scale score (r=0.26; p<0.05) and fear of the afterlife. The study found a relationship between alcohol and drug addiction and death anxiety, with death anxiety scores being lower in indivi- duals with alcohol and drug dependence.

Keywords

Substance abuse death anxiety addiction alcohol substance

References

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2004). The Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety (ASDA): Its development, validation, and results in three Arab countries. Death Studies, 28(5), 435–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180490437572.
  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2005). Death anxiety in clinical and non-clinical groups. Death Studies, 29(3), 251–259. https://doi. org/10.1080/07481180590916371.
  • Alegría, A. A., Hasin, D. S., Nunes, E. V., Liu, S. M., Davies, C., Grant, B. F., & Blanco, C. (2010). Comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and substance use disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71(9), 3391. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09m05328gry.
  • Alliegro, M. C. (2020). Existential Concerns and Risky Behavior In College Students. [Doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University]. CSU Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.17616/R31NJMSY.
  • Aydoğdu, H. (2016). Kierkegaard ve Heidegger’de ölümün eksistensiyal-ontolojik çözümlemesi. Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-E- debiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 27, 127–150. http://acikerisim.uludag.edu.tr/jspui/handle/11452/13162.
  • Ayten, A. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinde ölüm kaygısı: Türk ve Ürdünlü öğrenciler üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. Dinbilim- leri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 9(1), 85–108. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/daad/issue/4497/61942.
  • Boeving, N. G. (2017). A Luminous Doom: Death Anxiety Along the Spectrum of Substance Abuse and Recovery. [Doctoral dissertation, Sofia University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
  • Çetinkaya, M. (2022). Alkol Kullanım Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Bireylerde Ölüm Olgusunun Varoluşçu Perspektiften İncelenmesi: Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma. Ege Üniversitesi.
  • Çiçek, İ. E. (2021). Alkol kullanım bozukluğu olan hastalarda ölüm anksiyetesi ve intihar düşüncesi. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 22(4), 413– 420. https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.932273.
  • Csabonyi, M., & Phillips, L. J. (2020). Meaning in life and substance use. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 60(1), 3–19. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0022167816687674.
  • Daradkeh, F., & Moselhy, H. F. (2011). Death anxiety (thanatophobia) among drug dependents in an Arabic psychiatric hospital. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 37(3), 184–188. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.546923.
  • Carreno, D. F., & Pérez-Escobar, J. A. (2019). Addiction in existential positive psychology (EPP, PP2.0): From a critique of the brain disease model towards a meaning-centered approach. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 32(3-4), 415–435. https://doi.org /10.1080/09515070.2019.1604494.
  • Firestone, R., & Catlett, J. (2009). Beyond Death Anxiety: Achieving Life-Affirming Death Awareness. Springer Publishing Company.
  • Frankl, V. E. (2009). Man’s Search for Meaning (17th ed.). Okuyan Us.
  • Geçtan, E. (2019). Varoluş ve Psikiyatri (10th ed.). Metis Yayınları.
  • Gerwood, J. B. (1998). The existential vacuum in treating substance-related disorders. Psychological Reports, 83(3), 1394. htt- ps://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.3f.1394.
  • Ghaffari, K. (1987). Psychoanalytic theories on drug dependence: A critical review. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 3(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/02668738700700041.
  • Gould, W. B. (1993). Viktor E. Frankl: Life with meaning. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
  • Karasar, N. (2007). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi: Kavramlar, İlkeler, Teknikler (28th ed.). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kaur, S., Banerjee, A. K., & Rani, N. (2015). A descriptive survey of death anxiety (DA = thanatophobia) among young drug addicts in relation to their education and locale. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 14(10), 73–78. https://doi. org/10.9790/0853-1410107378.
  • King, R., O’Brien, T., & Giacomantonio, S. G. (2005). Psychoanalytic perspectives on substance use and antisocial personality disorder. Australian Psychologist, 40(2), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060500094639.
  • Krentzman, A. R., Farkas, K. J., & Townsend, A. L. (2010). Spirituality, religiousness, and alcoholism treatment outcomes: A comparison between Black and White participants. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 28(2), 128–150. https://doi. org/10.1080/07347321003648661.
  • May, R., & Yalom, I. (1989). Existential psychotherapy. In R. Corsini & D. Wedding (Eds.), Current Psychotherapies (pp. 363–402). Cengage.
  • Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Hirschberger, G. (2003). The existential function of close relationships: Introducing death into the science of love. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7(1), 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0701_2.
  • Ögel, K., Güneş, R., Koç, C., Görücü, S., & Başabak, A. (2015). Bağımlılık Profil İndeksi (BAPI) ölçeğinin kısa formunun geliştirilmesi, geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik araştırması. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 16(4), 175–181.
  • Ökten, K. H. (2019). Varlık ve Zaman: Bir Okuma Rehberi. Alfa Yayınları.
  • Razeghi, N., Takallo, M. E., & Rafei, Z. (2019). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing drug tendency and death anxiety among male adolescents with substance abuse. Payesh Health Monitor, 18(1), 77–85.
  • Sarıçiçek Aydoğan, A. G., Gülseren, Ş., Sarıkaya, Ö. Ö., & Özen, Ç. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of AbdelKhalek Death Anxiety Scale in university students. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 52, 371–375. https://doi.org/10.5152/ npa.2015.8820.
  • Shapiro, J. (2015). Pragmatic Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy: Intimacy, Intuition, and the Search for Meaning. Sage Publications.
  • Smith, J. P., & Book, S. W. (2010). Comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorders among individuals seeking outpatient substance abuse treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 35(1), 42–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.07.002.
  • Tomer, A. (1994). Death anxiety in adult life-theoretical perspectives. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Death Anxiety Handbook: Research, Instrumentation and Application (pp. 3–23). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481189208252594.
  • Wiklund, L. (2008a). Existential aspects of living with addiction - Part II: Caring needs. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(18), 2435– 2443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02357.x.
  • Wiklund, L. (2008b). Existential aspects of living with addiction – Part I: Meeting challenges. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(18), 2426–2434.

Alkol Ve Madde Bağımlılığı ile Ölüm Kaygısı Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 29 - 40, 31.01.2025

Feride Yüksel Barış , Hakan Coşkunol

https://doi.org/10.56955/bpd.1539543

Abstract

Bu çalışmada alkol ve uyuşturucu bağımlılığı ile ölüm kaygısı arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla madde bağımlılığı konusunda destek alan 69 kişiye ve alkol ve uyuşturucu kullanmayan 80 kişiye BAPI kısa ölçeği, Abdel-Khalek ölüm kaygısı ölçeği ve sosyo-demografik form uygulandı. Sonuçlara göre görsel uyaranlardan korkma (t=-6,50; p<0,05), diğer hatırlatıcılardan korkma (t=-4,39; p<0,05), ölümün kendisinden korkma (t=-3,09; p<0,05) ve ölüm kaygısı (t=-3,23; p<0,05) puanlarının iki grup arasında göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlendi. Alkol ve uyuşturucu kullanmayan katılımcıların görsel uyaranlardan korkma, diğer hatırlatıcılardan korkma, bizzat ölüm korkusu ve ölüm kaygısı puanları alkol ve uyuşturucu bağımlılığı nedeni ile destek alan katılımcılara göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Tanı alt boyut puanı (r=0,25; p<0,05) ile bağımlılık ölçeği puanı (r=0,26; p<0,05) ve ahiret korkusu arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre alkol ve madde bağımlılığı ile ölüm kaygısı arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Alkol ve madde bağımlılığı olan bireylerde ölüm kaygısı puanlarının daha düşük olduğu belirlendi.

Keywords

Madde kullanımı ölüm kaygısı bağımlılık alkol madde

Ethical Statement

Prior to the research, the necessary permissions were obtained by applying to the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Ege University (approval number: 21-7.1T/23).

References

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2004). The Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety (ASDA): Its development, validation, and results in three Arab countries. Death Studies, 28(5), 435–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180490437572.
  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2005). Death anxiety in clinical and non-clinical groups. Death Studies, 29(3), 251–259. https://doi. org/10.1080/07481180590916371.
  • Alegría, A. A., Hasin, D. S., Nunes, E. V., Liu, S. M., Davies, C., Grant, B. F., & Blanco, C. (2010). Comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and substance use disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71(9), 3391. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09m05328gry.
  • Alliegro, M. C. (2020). Existential Concerns and Risky Behavior In College Students. [Doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University]. CSU Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.17616/R31NJMSY.
  • Aydoğdu, H. (2016). Kierkegaard ve Heidegger’de ölümün eksistensiyal-ontolojik çözümlemesi. Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-E- debiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 27, 127–150. http://acikerisim.uludag.edu.tr/jspui/handle/11452/13162.
  • Ayten, A. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinde ölüm kaygısı: Türk ve Ürdünlü öğrenciler üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. Dinbilim- leri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 9(1), 85–108. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/daad/issue/4497/61942.
  • Boeving, N. G. (2017). A Luminous Doom: Death Anxiety Along the Spectrum of Substance Abuse and Recovery. [Doctoral dissertation, Sofia University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
  • Çetinkaya, M. (2022). Alkol Kullanım Bozukluğu Tanısı Olan Bireylerde Ölüm Olgusunun Varoluşçu Perspektiften İncelenmesi: Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma. Ege Üniversitesi.
  • Çiçek, İ. E. (2021). Alkol kullanım bozukluğu olan hastalarda ölüm anksiyetesi ve intihar düşüncesi. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 22(4), 413– 420. https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.932273.
  • Csabonyi, M., & Phillips, L. J. (2020). Meaning in life and substance use. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 60(1), 3–19. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0022167816687674.
  • Daradkeh, F., & Moselhy, H. F. (2011). Death anxiety (thanatophobia) among drug dependents in an Arabic psychiatric hospital. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 37(3), 184–188. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.546923.
  • Carreno, D. F., & Pérez-Escobar, J. A. (2019). Addiction in existential positive psychology (EPP, PP2.0): From a critique of the brain disease model towards a meaning-centered approach. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 32(3-4), 415–435. https://doi.org /10.1080/09515070.2019.1604494.
  • Firestone, R., & Catlett, J. (2009). Beyond Death Anxiety: Achieving Life-Affirming Death Awareness. Springer Publishing Company.
  • Frankl, V. E. (2009). Man’s Search for Meaning (17th ed.). Okuyan Us.
  • Geçtan, E. (2019). Varoluş ve Psikiyatri (10th ed.). Metis Yayınları.
  • Gerwood, J. B. (1998). The existential vacuum in treating substance-related disorders. Psychological Reports, 83(3), 1394. htt- ps://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.3f.1394.
  • Ghaffari, K. (1987). Psychoanalytic theories on drug dependence: A critical review. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 3(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/02668738700700041.
  • Gould, W. B. (1993). Viktor E. Frankl: Life with meaning. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
  • Karasar, N. (2007). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi: Kavramlar, İlkeler, Teknikler (28th ed.). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kaur, S., Banerjee, A. K., & Rani, N. (2015). A descriptive survey of death anxiety (DA = thanatophobia) among young drug addicts in relation to their education and locale. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 14(10), 73–78. https://doi. org/10.9790/0853-1410107378.
  • King, R., O’Brien, T., & Giacomantonio, S. G. (2005). Psychoanalytic perspectives on substance use and antisocial personality disorder. Australian Psychologist, 40(2), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060500094639.
  • Krentzman, A. R., Farkas, K. J., & Townsend, A. L. (2010). Spirituality, religiousness, and alcoholism treatment outcomes: A comparison between Black and White participants. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 28(2), 128–150. https://doi. org/10.1080/07347321003648661.
  • May, R., & Yalom, I. (1989). Existential psychotherapy. In R. Corsini & D. Wedding (Eds.), Current Psychotherapies (pp. 363–402). Cengage.
  • Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Hirschberger, G. (2003). The existential function of close relationships: Introducing death into the science of love. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7(1), 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0701_2.
  • Ögel, K., Güneş, R., Koç, C., Görücü, S., & Başabak, A. (2015). Bağımlılık Profil İndeksi (BAPI) ölçeğinin kısa formunun geliştirilmesi, geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik araştırması. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 16(4), 175–181.
  • Ökten, K. H. (2019). Varlık ve Zaman: Bir Okuma Rehberi. Alfa Yayınları.
  • Razeghi, N., Takallo, M. E., & Rafei, Z. (2019). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing drug tendency and death anxiety among male adolescents with substance abuse. Payesh Health Monitor, 18(1), 77–85.
  • Sarıçiçek Aydoğan, A. G., Gülseren, Ş., Sarıkaya, Ö. Ö., & Özen, Ç. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of AbdelKhalek Death Anxiety Scale in university students. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 52, 371–375. https://doi.org/10.5152/ npa.2015.8820.
  • Shapiro, J. (2015). Pragmatic Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy: Intimacy, Intuition, and the Search for Meaning. Sage Publications.
  • Smith, J. P., & Book, S. W. (2010). Comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorders among individuals seeking outpatient substance abuse treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 35(1), 42–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.07.002.
  • Tomer, A. (1994). Death anxiety in adult life-theoretical perspectives. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Death Anxiety Handbook: Research, Instrumentation and Application (pp. 3–23). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481189208252594.
  • Wiklund, L. (2008a). Existential aspects of living with addiction - Part II: Caring needs. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(18), 2435– 2443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02357.x.
  • Wiklund, L. (2008b). Existential aspects of living with addiction – Part I: Meeting challenges. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(18), 2426–2434.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Feride Yüksel Barış 0009-0006-1916-1420

Hakan Coşkunol 0000-0001-5925-4441

Early Pub Date January 31, 2025
Publication Date January 31, 2025
Submission Date September 9, 2024
Acceptance Date January 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Yüksel Barış, F., & Coşkunol, H. (2025). The Relationship Between Alcohol and Substance Addiction and Death Anxiety: A comparative study. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, 8(15), 29-40. https://doi.org/10.56955/bpd.1539543
AMA Yüksel Barış F, Coşkunol H. The Relationship Between Alcohol and Substance Addiction and Death Anxiety: A comparative study. TBPD. January 2025;8(15):29-40. doi:10.56955/bpd.1539543
Chicago Yüksel Barış, Feride, and Hakan Coşkunol. “The Relationship Between Alcohol and Substance Addiction and Death Anxiety: A Comparative Study”. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi 8, no. 15 (January 2025): 29-40. https://doi.org/10.56955/bpd.1539543.
EndNote Yüksel Barış F, Coşkunol H (January 1, 2025) The Relationship Between Alcohol and Substance Addiction and Death Anxiety: A comparative study. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi 8 15 29–40.
IEEE F. Yüksel Barış and H. Coşkunol, “The Relationship Between Alcohol and Substance Addiction and Death Anxiety: A comparative study”, TBPD, vol. 8, no. 15, pp. 29–40, 2025, doi: 10.56955/bpd.1539543.
ISNAD Yüksel Barış, Feride - Coşkunol, Hakan. “The Relationship Between Alcohol and Substance Addiction and Death Anxiety: A Comparative Study”. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi 8/15 (January 2025), 29-40. https://doi.org/10.56955/bpd.1539543.
JAMA Yüksel Barış F, Coşkunol H. The Relationship Between Alcohol and Substance Addiction and Death Anxiety: A comparative study. TBPD. 2025;8:29–40.
MLA Yüksel Barış, Feride and Hakan Coşkunol. “The Relationship Between Alcohol and Substance Addiction and Death Anxiety: A Comparative Study”. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 15, 2025, pp. 29-40, doi:10.56955/bpd.1539543.
Vancouver Yüksel Barış F, Coşkunol H. The Relationship Between Alcohol and Substance Addiction and Death Anxiety: A comparative study. TBPD. 2025;8(15):29-40.
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