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Moğolistan’ın Jeopolitiği, Ekonomisi ve Dış Politika Stratejisi

Year 2013, Volume: 5 Issue: 9, 105 - 123, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Mongolia is a landlocked country located between two major powers, Russia and China. Its foreign policy, socio-economic as well as trade regimes are structured based upon this fact. Being aware of this geopolitical fact, Mongolia pursues a foreign policy built on keeping balance between the two neighboring major powers. This article argues that geopolitics has significant impact on Mongolia’s foreign and trade policy, and that Mongolia’s decision makers do not ignore geopolitical facts while devising policies that could be tagged as restraining. The article identifies “fear of losing sovereignty” and “becoming satellite country of powerful neighbors” as the foundation of pursuing a foreign policy focusing on keeping the balance between two neighbors. The paper also examines the “third neighbor strategy” which was developed by Mongolia as an alternative to such restraining geopolitical facts. 

References

  • Atwood,Christopher P. Encyclopedia of MongoliaandtheMongolEmpire, (New York: Facts On File Inc., 2004).
  • Byambajav, D. “NGOS in Mongolia: a CrucialFactor in MongolianSocietyand Politics,” The MongolianJournal of International Affairs, No. 13, (2006).
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  • Campi, Alicia J. “U.S. Government PoliciesTowardsMongolia in theLast 20 Ye- ars”, MongolianandTibetanAffairsCommission, (Erişim: 30.09.2012),
  • Dahal,Madan Kumar, vd. “Nepal: A GenericGuidelinefor Development Through EconomicDiplomacy”, Institute of ForeignAffairs, Kathmandu: April 2008.
  • Dalby, Simon. “Geopolitics, Knowledge andPower at theEnd of the Century”, ed. Gearoid O Tuathail, vd., Londra ve New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library, 200 Dierkes,Julian. “Mongolia’sEvolvingForeingInvestmentRegime,” East Asia Fo- rum, Ocak 2013.
  • Dünya Bankası.Moğolistan Verileri, (Erişim 26.02.2013), http://data.worldbank. org/country/mongolia.
  • European Commission. “Nepal”, EU BilateralTradeandTradewiththe World, 5 July 2013.
  • European Commission. “Paraguay”, EU BilateralTradeandTradewiththe World, 5 July 2013.
  • Fallon, Joseph E. “U.S. Geopolitics: AfghanistanandtheContainment of China”, Small WarsJournal, 12.08.2013,(Erişim: 20. 08. 2013), http://smallwarsjournal. com/jrnl/art/us-geopolitics-afghanistan-and-the-containment-of-china.
  • Haushofer, Karl. “WhyGeopolitik?”, The Geopolitics Reader, ed. Gearoid O Tuathail, vd., Londra ve New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003.
  • KPMG. Investment in Mongolia, 2012.
  • Levin, Dan. “Herkes Moğolistan’ın Madenlerine Gözünü Dikti”, Sabah, 002012, (Erişim: 24.10.2012), http://www.sabah.com.tr/NewYorkTi- mes/2012/07/09/herkes-mogolistanin-madenlerine-gozunu-dikti.
  • Mackinder, H. J. “The Geographical Pivot of History”, The GeographicalJour- nal, 23/4, 1904, 421- 437.
  • Mahan, A. T. “The Influence of thePowerUponHistory 1660-1783”, The Project
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  • Mongolian Ministry of ForeignAffairs.Mongolia’sForeignPolicy in thePoli- ticalField, 24.02.2011, (Erişim: 19.10.2012), http://www.mfat.gov.mn/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=80%3Aii-&catid=36%3A2009-12- 20-21-52-14&Itemid=55&lang=en.
  • Peiran,Wang. “Mongolia’sDelicateBalancingAct,” China Security, 5/2, (World Security Institute 2009), 72-85.
  • Reeves, Jeffrey. “Mongolia’sEvolving Security Strategy: Omni-enmeshmentand- Balance of Influence,” The Pacific Review, 25/5, (2012), 589-612.
  • Rossabi, Morris. Modern Mongolia: FromKhanstoCommissarstoCapitalists, (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2005).
  • Sandıklı, Atilla. “Jeopolitik ve Türkiye: Riskler ve Fırsatlar”, Bilge Adamlar Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, Rapor No:27, İstanbul: 2007.
  • Varldsinbordeskriget.RudolfKjellén – The Swedish ‘Father Of Geopolitics’, (Erişim: 20.08.2013) http://varldsinbordeskriget.wordpress.com/2011/02/09/rudolf-kjellen-the- swedish-father-of-geopolitics/.

Moğolistan’ın Jeopolitiği, Ekonomisi ve Dış Politika Stratejisi

Year 2013, Volume: 5 Issue: 9, 105 - 123, 01.12.2013

Abstract

Moğolistan, Rusya ve Çin gibi iki dünya gücü arasına sıkışmış; dış politika, sosyo- ekonomi ve ticaret yapısını da bu gerçek doğrultusunda şekillendirmek durumunda olan bir devlettir. Jeopolitik gerçekliklerin farkında olan Moğollar bu nedenle iki güç arasında bir denge politikası izlemektedir. Bu makale jeopolitiğin, Moğolistan ekonomisini ve dış politikasını oldukça etkilediğini; başkent Ulanbator’un jeopolitik gerçekleri göz ardı etmeyerek kısıtlayıcı politikalar geliştirdiğini ileri sürmektedir. Dengeyi oluşturmanın temel amacını “egemenliğin yitirilme korkusu" ve “güçlü sınırdaş ülkelerin uydusu haline gelme endişesi” olarak ele alan makale, bu tür tehditlere karşı ek çözüm arayışları sonucunda ortaya çıkan üçüncü komşuluk stratejisini anlatmaktadır.

References

  • Atwood,Christopher P. Encyclopedia of MongoliaandtheMongolEmpire, (New York: Facts On File Inc., 2004).
  • Byambajav, D. “NGOS in Mongolia: a CrucialFactor in MongolianSocietyand Politics,” The MongolianJournal of International Affairs, No. 13, (2006).
  • Brzezinski, Zbigniew. Büyük Satranç Tahtası, çev. Yelda Türedi, İstanbul: İnkı- lap Yayınevi, 2005.
  • Campi, Alicia J. “U.S. Government PoliciesTowardsMongolia in theLast 20 Ye- ars”, MongolianandTibetanAffairsCommission, (Erişim: 30.09.2012),
  • Dahal,Madan Kumar, vd. “Nepal: A GenericGuidelinefor Development Through EconomicDiplomacy”, Institute of ForeignAffairs, Kathmandu: April 2008.
  • Dalby, Simon. “Geopolitics, Knowledge andPower at theEnd of the Century”, ed. Gearoid O Tuathail, vd., Londra ve New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library, 200 Dierkes,Julian. “Mongolia’sEvolvingForeingInvestmentRegime,” East Asia Fo- rum, Ocak 2013.
  • Dünya Bankası.Moğolistan Verileri, (Erişim 26.02.2013), http://data.worldbank. org/country/mongolia.
  • European Commission. “Nepal”, EU BilateralTradeandTradewiththe World, 5 July 2013.
  • European Commission. “Paraguay”, EU BilateralTradeandTradewiththe World, 5 July 2013.
  • Fallon, Joseph E. “U.S. Geopolitics: AfghanistanandtheContainment of China”, Small WarsJournal, 12.08.2013,(Erişim: 20. 08. 2013), http://smallwarsjournal. com/jrnl/art/us-geopolitics-afghanistan-and-the-containment-of-china.
  • Haushofer, Karl. “WhyGeopolitik?”, The Geopolitics Reader, ed. Gearoid O Tuathail, vd., Londra ve New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003.
  • KPMG. Investment in Mongolia, 2012.
  • Levin, Dan. “Herkes Moğolistan’ın Madenlerine Gözünü Dikti”, Sabah, 002012, (Erişim: 24.10.2012), http://www.sabah.com.tr/NewYorkTi- mes/2012/07/09/herkes-mogolistanin-madenlerine-gozunu-dikti.
  • Mackinder, H. J. “The Geographical Pivot of History”, The GeographicalJour- nal, 23/4, 1904, 421- 437.
  • Mahan, A. T. “The Influence of thePowerUponHistory 1660-1783”, The Project
  • Gutenberg eBook, 26 Eylül 2004, (Güncelleme Tarihi: 19 Kasım 2007), (Erişim: 02013)http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13529/13529-h/13529-h.htm.
  • Mongolian Ministry of ForeignAffairs.Mongolia’sForeignPolicy in thePoli- ticalField, 24.02.2011, (Erişim: 19.10.2012), http://www.mfat.gov.mn/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=80%3Aii-&catid=36%3A2009-12- 20-21-52-14&Itemid=55&lang=en.
  • Peiran,Wang. “Mongolia’sDelicateBalancingAct,” China Security, 5/2, (World Security Institute 2009), 72-85.
  • Reeves, Jeffrey. “Mongolia’sEvolving Security Strategy: Omni-enmeshmentand- Balance of Influence,” The Pacific Review, 25/5, (2012), 589-612.
  • Rossabi, Morris. Modern Mongolia: FromKhanstoCommissarstoCapitalists, (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2005).
  • Sandıklı, Atilla. “Jeopolitik ve Türkiye: Riskler ve Fırsatlar”, Bilge Adamlar Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, Rapor No:27, İstanbul: 2007.
  • Varldsinbordeskriget.RudolfKjellén – The Swedish ‘Father Of Geopolitics’, (Erişim: 20.08.2013) http://varldsinbordeskriget.wordpress.com/2011/02/09/rudolf-kjellen-the- swedish-father-of-geopolitics/.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ömer Faruk Türk This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2013
Submission Date November 21, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 5 Issue: 9

Cite

APA Türk, Ö. F. (2013). Moğolistan’ın Jeopolitiği, Ekonomisi ve Dış Politika Stratejisi. Bilge Strateji, 5(9), 105-123.