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Bank-Specific Determinants of SME Loans: Empirical Evidence from Turkish SME Market

Year 2022, Issue: 16, 41 - 56, 30.12.2022

Abstract

The aim of this study is to review the relation between loans provided to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and bank-specific variables. SMEs are very important client segment for commercial, participation as well as investment and development banks. The study covers SMEs in Turkey, data is received from Banking Regulatory and Supervisory Agency and quarterly period between 2010 and 2021 is analyzed.OLS is employed as method of analysis. Data structure is time-series. Whether bank-specific variables have statistically impact on the ratio of SME-cash-loans over total loans is the research question of this paper. Total loans over assets, non-performing-loans ratio (NPL), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), the ratio of financial assets over deposits and also the ratio of foreign assets/equity are considered as explanatory variables; and leading economic-financial variables are used as control variables. Findings indicate that the ratio of SME-cash-loans are positively influenced by increase in the banks’ ratio of total loans over assets; and negatively by the increase in NPL ratio, by the weight of foreign sources in liabilities of banks. The paper concludes that total loans over assets, NPL and liability structure have significant impact on SMEs-cash loans.

References

  • Apan, M. & İslamoğlu, M. (2016). KOBİ’lerde Finans Yönetimi. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 2(1), 208-218 . DOI: 10.14486/IJSCS90.
  • Banking Regulatory and Supervisory Agency (2022) Turkish Banking Sector Main Indicators Report March, 2022.Istanbul.
  • Beck, T.& Demirguc-Kunt, A. & Martinez, P. M. (2008). Bank Financing for SMEs Around the World: Drivers, Obstacles, Business Models, and Lending Practices. The World Bank,Policy Research Working Paper Series.
  • Central Bank of Republic of Turkey (2022)Financial Stability Report, 2022. May. Ankara
  • Çan, E. (2015). Credit and Capital Market Integration and SME Securitization in terms of SMESFinancing Support. Bankacılar Dergisi, 26 (92) 25-52.
  • Cziráky, D., Tišma, S., & Pisarovic, A. (2005). Determinants of the Low SME Loan Approval Ratein Croatia. Small Business Economics, 25(4), 347–372. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40229401
  • Ekpu, V.U. (2016). Demand-Side Factors Affecting Bank Lending to SMEs. In: Determinants of Bank Involvement with SMEs. SpringerBriefs in Finance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25837-9_4
  • Elasrag, H. (2016). Islamic Finance for SMEs. Journal of Economic and Social Thought, 3(3) Availableat SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2842160 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2842160
  • Erdoğan, A. İ. (2017). SME Lending Practices of Banks. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3 (1) , 241-249 . DOI: 10.24289/ijsser.272206
  • İslamoglu, M. (2015). Predictive Power of Financial Ratios With Regard To the Turkish Banking Industry: An Empirical Study on the Stock Market Index. Asian Economic and Financial Review. 5. 249-263. 10.18488/journal.aefr/2015.5.2/102.2.249.263.
  • İstanbul Chamber of Industry (2020), The Second 500 Big Industrial Firms Report. İstanbul.
  • Mercieca, S., Schaeck, K. & Wolfe, S. Bank Market Structure, Competition, and SME Financing Relationships in European Regions. Journal of Financial Services Research 36, 137 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10693-009-0060-0
  • OECD Report 2015. New Approaches to SME and Entrepreneurship Financing: Broadening the Range of Instruments.
  • Shikum, D.H.& Mwangi, M. (2020). Determinants of Lending to Small and Medium Enterprises by Commercial Banks in Kenya. Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(4) 57-63.
  • Web Sources
  • https://www.iso500.org.tr/ Accession Date: 22.07.2022
  • https://en.kosgeb.gov.tr/ Accession Date: 22.07.2022
  • https://www.bddk.org.tr/ Accession Date: 22.07.2022
  • https://www.vakifbank.com.tr/kobi-kredileri.aspx?pageID=135 Accession Date: 25.07.2022
  • https://www.ziraatbank.com.tr/tr/ticari/krediler/is-birliklerimiz/kosgeb-destek-kredileri Accession Date: 25.07.2022
  • https://www.halkbankkobi.com.tr/ Accession Date: 25.07.2022
  • https://kalkinma.com.tr/en/home Accession Date: 25.07.2022
  • https://www.ziraatkatilim.com.tr/ticari/kgf-teminatli-finansmanlar Accession Date: 26.07.2022

KOBİ Kredilerinin Bankaya Özgü Belirleyicileri: Türkiye KOBİ Piyasasından Kanıtlar

Year 2022, Issue: 16, 41 - 56, 30.12.2022

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelere (KOBİ) sağlanan krediler ile bankaya özgü değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. KOBİ'ler ticari, katılım ve yatırım ve kalkınma bankaları için çok önemli bir müşteri segmentidir.Çalışma, Türkiye'deki KOBİ'leri kapsamakta olup, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu’ndan veriler alınmış ve 2010-2021 yılları arasındaki dönem analiz edilmiştir.Analiz yöntemi olarak OLS kullanılmıştır. Veri yapısı zaman serisidir. Bu çalışmanın araştırma sorusu, bankaya özgü değişkenlerin (KOBİ’lere kullandırılan) nakit kredilerin toplam kredilere oranı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olup olmadığıdır. Toplam kredilerin aktiflere oranı, takipteki alacaklar oranı (TGA), aktif karlılığı (ROA), özkaynak karlılığı (ROE), finansal varlıkların mevduata oranı ve ayrıca yabancı varlıklar/özkaynaklar oranı, açıklayıcı değişkenler olarak kabul edilmektedir. Önde gelen makro-ekonomik, finansal değişkenler ise kontrol değişkenleri olarak kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, KOBİ-nakit kredi oranının bankaların toplam kredilerinin varlıklara oranındaki artıştan olumlu etkilendiğini göstermektedir; ve TGA oranındaki artış, yabancı kaynakların bankaların pasifleri içindeki ağırlığı ile negatif yönde değişmektedir. Çalışmada toplam kredilerin aktiflere oranı, takipteki alacakların ve borç yapısının, KOBİ'lere kullandırılan nakit krediler üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Apan, M. & İslamoğlu, M. (2016). KOBİ’lerde Finans Yönetimi. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 2(1), 208-218 . DOI: 10.14486/IJSCS90.
  • Banking Regulatory and Supervisory Agency (2022) Turkish Banking Sector Main Indicators Report March, 2022.Istanbul.
  • Beck, T.& Demirguc-Kunt, A. & Martinez, P. M. (2008). Bank Financing for SMEs Around the World: Drivers, Obstacles, Business Models, and Lending Practices. The World Bank,Policy Research Working Paper Series.
  • Central Bank of Republic of Turkey (2022)Financial Stability Report, 2022. May. Ankara
  • Çan, E. (2015). Credit and Capital Market Integration and SME Securitization in terms of SMESFinancing Support. Bankacılar Dergisi, 26 (92) 25-52.
  • Cziráky, D., Tišma, S., & Pisarovic, A. (2005). Determinants of the Low SME Loan Approval Ratein Croatia. Small Business Economics, 25(4), 347–372. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40229401
  • Ekpu, V.U. (2016). Demand-Side Factors Affecting Bank Lending to SMEs. In: Determinants of Bank Involvement with SMEs. SpringerBriefs in Finance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25837-9_4
  • Elasrag, H. (2016). Islamic Finance for SMEs. Journal of Economic and Social Thought, 3(3) Availableat SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2842160 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2842160
  • Erdoğan, A. İ. (2017). SME Lending Practices of Banks. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3 (1) , 241-249 . DOI: 10.24289/ijsser.272206
  • İslamoglu, M. (2015). Predictive Power of Financial Ratios With Regard To the Turkish Banking Industry: An Empirical Study on the Stock Market Index. Asian Economic and Financial Review. 5. 249-263. 10.18488/journal.aefr/2015.5.2/102.2.249.263.
  • İstanbul Chamber of Industry (2020), The Second 500 Big Industrial Firms Report. İstanbul.
  • Mercieca, S., Schaeck, K. & Wolfe, S. Bank Market Structure, Competition, and SME Financing Relationships in European Regions. Journal of Financial Services Research 36, 137 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10693-009-0060-0
  • OECD Report 2015. New Approaches to SME and Entrepreneurship Financing: Broadening the Range of Instruments.
  • Shikum, D.H.& Mwangi, M. (2020). Determinants of Lending to Small and Medium Enterprises by Commercial Banks in Kenya. Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(4) 57-63.
  • Web Sources
  • https://www.iso500.org.tr/ Accession Date: 22.07.2022
  • https://en.kosgeb.gov.tr/ Accession Date: 22.07.2022
  • https://www.bddk.org.tr/ Accession Date: 22.07.2022
  • https://www.vakifbank.com.tr/kobi-kredileri.aspx?pageID=135 Accession Date: 25.07.2022
  • https://www.ziraatbank.com.tr/tr/ticari/krediler/is-birliklerimiz/kosgeb-destek-kredileri Accession Date: 25.07.2022
  • https://www.halkbankkobi.com.tr/ Accession Date: 25.07.2022
  • https://kalkinma.com.tr/en/home Accession Date: 25.07.2022
  • https://www.ziraatkatilim.com.tr/ticari/kgf-teminatli-finansmanlar Accession Date: 26.07.2022
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatih Kayhan 0000-0001-7844-8663

Mehmet İslamoğlu 0000-0002-7774-0299

Early Pub Date November 27, 2022
Publication Date December 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 16

Cite

APA Kayhan, F., & İslamoğlu, M. (2022). Bank-Specific Determinants of SME Loans: Empirical Evidence from Turkish SME Market. Bankacılık Ve Sigortacılık Araştırmaları Dergisi(16), 41-56.
AMA Kayhan F, İslamoğlu M. Bank-Specific Determinants of SME Loans: Empirical Evidence from Turkish SME Market. BSAD. December 2022;(16):41-56.
Chicago Kayhan, Fatih, and Mehmet İslamoğlu. “Bank-Specific Determinants of SME Loans: Empirical Evidence from Turkish SME Market”. Bankacılık Ve Sigortacılık Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 16 (December 2022): 41-56.
EndNote Kayhan F, İslamoğlu M (December 1, 2022) Bank-Specific Determinants of SME Loans: Empirical Evidence from Turkish SME Market. Bankacılık ve Sigortacılık Araştırmaları Dergisi 16 41–56.
IEEE F. Kayhan and M. İslamoğlu, “Bank-Specific Determinants of SME Loans: Empirical Evidence from Turkish SME Market”, BSAD, no. 16, pp. 41–56, December 2022.
ISNAD Kayhan, Fatih - İslamoğlu, Mehmet. “Bank-Specific Determinants of SME Loans: Empirical Evidence from Turkish SME Market”. Bankacılık ve Sigortacılık Araştırmaları Dergisi 16 (December 2022), 41-56.
JAMA Kayhan F, İslamoğlu M. Bank-Specific Determinants of SME Loans: Empirical Evidence from Turkish SME Market. BSAD. 2022;:41–56.
MLA Kayhan, Fatih and Mehmet İslamoğlu. “Bank-Specific Determinants of SME Loans: Empirical Evidence from Turkish SME Market”. Bankacılık Ve Sigortacılık Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 16, 2022, pp. 41-56.
Vancouver Kayhan F, İslamoğlu M. Bank-Specific Determinants of SME Loans: Empirical Evidence from Turkish SME Market. BSAD. 2022(16):41-56.