Research Article
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The Effect of Ursolic Acid Addition into High-Energy Laying Hen Diet on Performance, Egg Quality Parameters, Serum Lipid Profile and Liver Fat Rate

Year 2023, , 287 - 294, 01.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1194784

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effect of ursolic acid (UA) at different ratios (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%) supplementation into high-energy laying hen diet on performance, egg quality parameters, serum lipid profile, some liver enzymes and liver fat ratio.
A total of 120 Lohman LSL laying hens, 70 weeks old, were used in present study. The animals were divided into 5 groups and each group consisted of six subgroups. In the experiment, the control group was fed with basal feed, and the treatment groups were fed with high-energy (HE) diets including 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% UA, respectively. Experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Egg yield decreased in high energy feed groups except HE + 1.5% UA group. Egg weight was found to be highest in the HE + 1.5% UA group. Addition of UA into feed improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR). It was determined that liver fat ratio was higher in the group fed with HE feed (P<0.01) than other groups fed with diets including UA, but the addition of UA decreased the liver fat rate significantly. The addition of UA to feed increased blood plasma MDA and NEFA values, and decreased GSH and GPx values (P<0.01). The addition of 1.5% UA to high-energy feed increased ALT and total cholesterol, while lowering glucose. The highest VLDL, TG and LDL values were found for YE + 0% UA and YE + 1.5% UA groups. Conclusion, high-energy feed adversely affected performance values and liver fat ratio, but the addition of ursolic acid improved FCR and decreased liver fat ratio. Positive effects of ursolic acid have been seen, but more studies are needed.

Supporting Institution

Atatürk University

Project Number

YL-2019-6936.

References

  • Akkılıç M, Tanyolaç A. 1974. Kafeste beslenen tavuk rasyonlarındaki enerji düzeyinin karaciğer yağlanması üzerine etkisi. J Ankara Univ Vet Fac, 21(3- 4): 370-389.
  • Aoyama T, Peters JM, Iritani N, Nakajima T, Furihata Ki Hashimoto T, Gonzalez F. 1998 Altered constitutive expression of fatty acid-metabolizing enzymes in mice lacking the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). J Biol Chem, 273: 5678-5684.
  • Azevedo MF, Camsari C, Sa CM, Lima CF. 2010. Ursolic acid and luteolin-7-glucoside improve lipid profiles and increase liver glycogen content through glycogen synthase kinase-3. Phytotherapy Res, 24(Suppl 2): 220-224.
  • Babalola IT, Shode FO. 2013. Ubiquitous ursolic acid: a potential pentacyclic triterpene natural product. J Pharma Phytochem, 2: 214-222.
  • Butler EJ. 1976. Fatty liver diseases in the domestic fowl — A review. Avian Pathol, 5(1): 1-14.
  • Düzgüneş O, Kesici T, Gürbüz F. 1983. İstatistik metodları I. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Ankara, Türkiye, Publishing No:861, pp: 229.
  • Goth L. 1991. A simple method for determi-nation of serumcatalase activity and revision of reference range. Clin Chimica Acta, 196: 143-152.
  • Grobas S, Mendez J, De Blas C, Mateos GG. 1999. Laying hen productivity as affected by energy, supplemental fat, and linoleic acid concentration of the diet. Poultry Sci, 78:1542-1551
  • Grobas S, Mendez J, La ´zaro R, De Blas C, Mateos GG. 2001. Influence of source and percentage of fat added to diet on performance and fatty acid composition of egg yolks of two strains of laying hens. Poultry Sci, 80: 1171-1179.
  • Hansen RJ, Walzem RL. 1993. Avian fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome: a comparative review. Adv Vet Sci Comparat Med, 37: 451-468.
  • Harano Y, Yasui K, Toyama T, Nakajima T, Mitsuyoshi MM, Hirasawa T, Itoh Y, Okanoue T. 2006. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist, reduces hepatic steatosis and lipid peroxidation in fatty liver Shionogi mice with hereditary fatty liver. Liver Inter, 26: 613-620.
  • Harms RH, Russell GB, Sloan DK. 2000. Enhanced induction of performance of four strains of commercial layers with major changes in dietary energy. J Applied Poultry Res, 9: 535-541.
  • Ikeda Y, Murakami A, Ohigashi H. 2008. Ursolic acid: An anti-and pro- inflammatory triterpenoid. Molec Nutr Food Res, 52 (1): 26- 42.
  • Ivy CA, Nesheim MC. 1972. Factors influencing liver fat deposition in laying hens. Mercury Tox, 281-291.
  • Ivy CA, Nesheim MC. 1973. Factors influencing the liver fat content of laying hens. Poultry Sci, 52: 281-291
  • Jayaprakasam B, Olson LK, Schutzki RE, Tai MH, Nair MG. 2006. Amelioration of obesity and glucose intolerance in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice by anthocyanins and ursolic acid inCorneliancherry(Cornusmas). J Agri Food Chem, 54: 243-248.
  • Jensen LS, Sehuınaier GW, Funk AD, Smith TC. I970. A new lipotropic agent for the laying hen. Poultry Sci, 49: 1401.
  • Jia Y, Bhuiyan MJH, Jun HJ, Lee JH, Hoang MH, Lee HJ, Kim N, Lee D, Hwang KY, Hwang BY, Choi DW, Lee SJ. 2011. Ursolic acid is a PPAR-alpha agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism. Bioorganic Med Chem Letter, 21: 5876-5880.
  • Jia Y, Kim S, Kim J, Kim B, Wu C, Lee JH, Jun H, Kim N, Lee D, Lee S. 2015. Ursolic acid improves lipid and glucose metabolism in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J mice by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and hepatic autophagy. Molec Nutri Food Res, 59: 344-354.
  • Jiang JL, Qi LN, Dai HJ, Hu CH, Lv ZP, Wei QW, Shi FX. 2020. Dietary stevioside supplementation improves laying performance and eggshell quality through increasing estrogen synthesis, calcium level and antioxidant capacity of reproductive organs in aged breeder hens. Anim Feed Sci Techol, 269: 114682
  • Jiang S, Cheng HW, Cui LY, Zhou ZL, Hou JF. 2013. Changes of blood parameters associated with bone remodeling following experimentally induced fatty liver disorder in laying hens. Poultry Sci, 92:1443-1453.
  • Julian RJ. 2005. Production and growth related disorders and other metabolic diseases of poultry - A review. Vet J, 169: 350-369.
  • Keshavarz K, Nakajima S. 1995. The effect of dietary manipulations of energy, protein, and fat during the growing and laying periods on early egg weight and egg components. Poultry Sci, 74: 50-61.
  • Kim J, Jang DS, Kim H, Kim JS. 2009. Anti-lipaseandlipolytic activities of ursolic acid isolated from the roots of Actinidiaarguta. Archiv Pharmacal Res, 32: 983-987.
  • Leeson S. 2007. Metabolic challenges: past, present, and future. J Applied Poultry Res, 16: 121-125.
  • Li S, Meng F, Liao X, Wang Y, Sun Z, Guo F, Li X, Meng M, Li Y, Sun C. 2014. Therapeutic role of ursolic acid on ameliorating hepatic steatosis and improving metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats. PLoS ONE, 9(1), e86724.
  • Liu J. 1995. Pharmacology of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. J Ethnopharmacol, 49 (2): 57-68.
  • Liu T., Tang J., Feng F.Q. 2020. Medium-chain alpha-monoglycerides improves productive performance and egg quality in aged hens associated with gut microbiota modulation. Poultry Sci, 99:7122-7132.
  • Lowry OH, Rose Brough NJ, Farr AL, Randall V J. 1951. Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol. J Biol Chem, 193: 265.
  • Marsden A, Morris TR, Cromarty AS. 1987. Effects of constant environmental temperatures on the performance of laying pullets. British Poultry Sci, 28: 361-380.
  • Mathlouthi N, Larbier M, Mohamed A, Lessire M. 2002. Performance of laying hens fed wheat, wheat-barley or wheat-barley-wheat bran based diets supplemented with xylanase. Canadian J Anim Sci, 82: 193-199.
  • Matkovics B, Szabo L, Varga IS. 1988. Determination of enzyme activities in lipid peroxidation and glutathione pathways. Laboratoriumi Diagnosztika, 15: 248-249.
  • McNab JM, Boorman KN. 2002. Poultry feedstuffs: supply, composition and nutrition value. CAB Inter, 8: 1681-1693.
  • Mendes Leal AS. 2012. Preparation and biological evaluation of new triterpene derivatives of ursolic and oleanolic acids. Ph.D. thesis, University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal, pp: 365.
  • Motojima K, Passilly P, Peters JM, Gonzalez FJ, Latruffe N. 1998 Expression of putative fatty acid transporter genes are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma activators in a tissue- and inducer-specific manner. J Biol Chem, 273: 16710-16714.
  • Nakajima T, Tanaka N, Kanbe H, Hara A, Kamijo Y, Zhang X, Gonzalez FJ, Aoyama T. 2009. Bezafibrate at clinically relevant doses decreases serum/livertriglycerides via down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c in mice: a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-independent mechanism. Molec Pharmacol, 75: 782-792.
  • Peguri A, Coon C. 1993. Effect of feather coverage and temperature on layer performance. Poultry Sci, 72,1318-1329.
  • Plavnik I, Wax E, Sklan D, Hurwitz S. 1997. The response of broiler chickens and turkey poults to dietary energy supplied either by fat or carbohydrates. Poultry Sci, 76:1000-1005.
  • Rao VS, de Melo CL, Queiroz MG, Lemos TL, Menezes DB, Melo TS, Santos FA. 2011. Ursolic acid, a pentacyclictriterpene from Sambucusaustralis, prevents abdominal adiposity in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Med Food, 14: 1375-1382.
  • Reddy J, Nonalcoholic K. 2001. Steatosis and Steatohepatitis - III. Peroxisomal beta-oxidation, PPAR alpha, and steatohepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 28: 1333-1339.
  • Rozenboim I, Mahato J, Cohen NA, Tirosh O. 2016. Low protein and high-energy diet: a possible natural cause of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in caged White Leghorn laying hens. Poultry Sci, 95:612-621.
  • Shini S, Stewart G, Shini A, Bryden W. 2006. Mortality rates and causes of death in laying hens kept in cage and alternative housing systems, In Proceeding of 12th European Poultry Conference, 10-14 September, Verona, Italy, pp: 601
  • Splittgerber H, Wein FK, Arhelger R. 1969. Untersuebungen über die Hö'he des Fettgehaltes der Lebern von Hemzen bei versehiedenen Futlermisc!wngen. Deutsch Geflügclwirtschaft, 12, (24): 1021-1022.
  • Squires EJ, Leeson S. 1988. Aetiology of fatty liver syndrome in laying hens. British Vet J, 144: 602609.
  • Summers JD, Leeson S. 1993. Influence of diets varying in nutrient density on the development and reproductive performance of white Leghorn pullets. Poultry Sci, 72: 1500- 1509.
  • Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li YA. 1988. Simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem,34 (3): 497-500.
  • Sundaresan A, Radhiga T, Pugalendi KV. 2014. Effect of ursolic acid and Rosiglitazone combination on hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. European J Pharmacol, 741: 297-303.
  • Thomson AE, Gentry PA, Squires, EJ. 2003. Comparison of the coagulation profile of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome-susceptible laying hens and normal laying hens. British Poultry Sci, 44: 626633.
  • Tietze F. 1969. Enzymic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidized glutathione, applications to mammalian blood and other tissues. Anal Biochem, 27: 502-522
  • Valkonen E, Venalainen E, Rossow L, Valaja J. 2008. Effects of dietary energy content on the performance of laying hens in furnished and conventional cages. Poultry Sci, 87:844-852
  • Whitehead CC, Bowman AS, Griffin HD. 1991. The effects of dietary fat and bird age on the weights of eggs and egg components in the laying hen. British Poultry Sci, 32:565-574.
  • Yang F, Ruan J, Wang T, Luo J, Cao H, Song Y, Huang J, Guoliang HU. 2017. Improving effect of dietary soybean phospholipids supplement on hepatic and serum indexes relevant to fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens. Anim Sci J, 88: 1860-186.
  • Yki-Järvinen H. 2005. Fat in the liver and insulin resistance. Annals Med, 37 (5): 347-356
  • Yoshioka T, Kawada K, Shimada T, Mori M. 1979. Lipid peroxidation in maternal and cord blood and protective mechanism against activated oxygen toxicity in the blood. American J Obstet Gynecol, 135: 372-376.
  • Yousefi M, Shivazad M, Sohrabi-Haghdoost I. 2005. Effect of dietary factors on induction of fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome and its diagnosis methods with use of serum and liver parameters in laying hens. Inter J Poultry Sci, 4: 568-572.
  • Zhang J, Chen D, Yu B. 2008. Effect of different dietary energy sources on induction of fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens. Inter J Poultry Sci, 7 (12): 1232-1236.
  • Zhu L, Brown WC, Cai Q, Krust A, Chambon P, McGuinness OP, Stafford JM. 2013. Estrogen treatment after ovariectomy protects against fatty liver and may improve pathway selective insulin resistance. Diabetes, 62: 424-434.
Year 2023, , 287 - 294, 01.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1194784

Abstract

Project Number

YL-2019-6936.

References

  • Akkılıç M, Tanyolaç A. 1974. Kafeste beslenen tavuk rasyonlarındaki enerji düzeyinin karaciğer yağlanması üzerine etkisi. J Ankara Univ Vet Fac, 21(3- 4): 370-389.
  • Aoyama T, Peters JM, Iritani N, Nakajima T, Furihata Ki Hashimoto T, Gonzalez F. 1998 Altered constitutive expression of fatty acid-metabolizing enzymes in mice lacking the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). J Biol Chem, 273: 5678-5684.
  • Azevedo MF, Camsari C, Sa CM, Lima CF. 2010. Ursolic acid and luteolin-7-glucoside improve lipid profiles and increase liver glycogen content through glycogen synthase kinase-3. Phytotherapy Res, 24(Suppl 2): 220-224.
  • Babalola IT, Shode FO. 2013. Ubiquitous ursolic acid: a potential pentacyclic triterpene natural product. J Pharma Phytochem, 2: 214-222.
  • Butler EJ. 1976. Fatty liver diseases in the domestic fowl — A review. Avian Pathol, 5(1): 1-14.
  • Düzgüneş O, Kesici T, Gürbüz F. 1983. İstatistik metodları I. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Ankara, Türkiye, Publishing No:861, pp: 229.
  • Goth L. 1991. A simple method for determi-nation of serumcatalase activity and revision of reference range. Clin Chimica Acta, 196: 143-152.
  • Grobas S, Mendez J, De Blas C, Mateos GG. 1999. Laying hen productivity as affected by energy, supplemental fat, and linoleic acid concentration of the diet. Poultry Sci, 78:1542-1551
  • Grobas S, Mendez J, La ´zaro R, De Blas C, Mateos GG. 2001. Influence of source and percentage of fat added to diet on performance and fatty acid composition of egg yolks of two strains of laying hens. Poultry Sci, 80: 1171-1179.
  • Hansen RJ, Walzem RL. 1993. Avian fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome: a comparative review. Adv Vet Sci Comparat Med, 37: 451-468.
  • Harano Y, Yasui K, Toyama T, Nakajima T, Mitsuyoshi MM, Hirasawa T, Itoh Y, Okanoue T. 2006. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist, reduces hepatic steatosis and lipid peroxidation in fatty liver Shionogi mice with hereditary fatty liver. Liver Inter, 26: 613-620.
  • Harms RH, Russell GB, Sloan DK. 2000. Enhanced induction of performance of four strains of commercial layers with major changes in dietary energy. J Applied Poultry Res, 9: 535-541.
  • Ikeda Y, Murakami A, Ohigashi H. 2008. Ursolic acid: An anti-and pro- inflammatory triterpenoid. Molec Nutr Food Res, 52 (1): 26- 42.
  • Ivy CA, Nesheim MC. 1972. Factors influencing liver fat deposition in laying hens. Mercury Tox, 281-291.
  • Ivy CA, Nesheim MC. 1973. Factors influencing the liver fat content of laying hens. Poultry Sci, 52: 281-291
  • Jayaprakasam B, Olson LK, Schutzki RE, Tai MH, Nair MG. 2006. Amelioration of obesity and glucose intolerance in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice by anthocyanins and ursolic acid inCorneliancherry(Cornusmas). J Agri Food Chem, 54: 243-248.
  • Jensen LS, Sehuınaier GW, Funk AD, Smith TC. I970. A new lipotropic agent for the laying hen. Poultry Sci, 49: 1401.
  • Jia Y, Bhuiyan MJH, Jun HJ, Lee JH, Hoang MH, Lee HJ, Kim N, Lee D, Hwang KY, Hwang BY, Choi DW, Lee SJ. 2011. Ursolic acid is a PPAR-alpha agonist that regulates hepatic lipid metabolism. Bioorganic Med Chem Letter, 21: 5876-5880.
  • Jia Y, Kim S, Kim J, Kim B, Wu C, Lee JH, Jun H, Kim N, Lee D, Lee S. 2015. Ursolic acid improves lipid and glucose metabolism in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J mice by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and hepatic autophagy. Molec Nutri Food Res, 59: 344-354.
  • Jiang JL, Qi LN, Dai HJ, Hu CH, Lv ZP, Wei QW, Shi FX. 2020. Dietary stevioside supplementation improves laying performance and eggshell quality through increasing estrogen synthesis, calcium level and antioxidant capacity of reproductive organs in aged breeder hens. Anim Feed Sci Techol, 269: 114682
  • Jiang S, Cheng HW, Cui LY, Zhou ZL, Hou JF. 2013. Changes of blood parameters associated with bone remodeling following experimentally induced fatty liver disorder in laying hens. Poultry Sci, 92:1443-1453.
  • Julian RJ. 2005. Production and growth related disorders and other metabolic diseases of poultry - A review. Vet J, 169: 350-369.
  • Keshavarz K, Nakajima S. 1995. The effect of dietary manipulations of energy, protein, and fat during the growing and laying periods on early egg weight and egg components. Poultry Sci, 74: 50-61.
  • Kim J, Jang DS, Kim H, Kim JS. 2009. Anti-lipaseandlipolytic activities of ursolic acid isolated from the roots of Actinidiaarguta. Archiv Pharmacal Res, 32: 983-987.
  • Leeson S. 2007. Metabolic challenges: past, present, and future. J Applied Poultry Res, 16: 121-125.
  • Li S, Meng F, Liao X, Wang Y, Sun Z, Guo F, Li X, Meng M, Li Y, Sun C. 2014. Therapeutic role of ursolic acid on ameliorating hepatic steatosis and improving metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats. PLoS ONE, 9(1), e86724.
  • Liu J. 1995. Pharmacology of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. J Ethnopharmacol, 49 (2): 57-68.
  • Liu T., Tang J., Feng F.Q. 2020. Medium-chain alpha-monoglycerides improves productive performance and egg quality in aged hens associated with gut microbiota modulation. Poultry Sci, 99:7122-7132.
  • Lowry OH, Rose Brough NJ, Farr AL, Randall V J. 1951. Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol. J Biol Chem, 193: 265.
  • Marsden A, Morris TR, Cromarty AS. 1987. Effects of constant environmental temperatures on the performance of laying pullets. British Poultry Sci, 28: 361-380.
  • Mathlouthi N, Larbier M, Mohamed A, Lessire M. 2002. Performance of laying hens fed wheat, wheat-barley or wheat-barley-wheat bran based diets supplemented with xylanase. Canadian J Anim Sci, 82: 193-199.
  • Matkovics B, Szabo L, Varga IS. 1988. Determination of enzyme activities in lipid peroxidation and glutathione pathways. Laboratoriumi Diagnosztika, 15: 248-249.
  • McNab JM, Boorman KN. 2002. Poultry feedstuffs: supply, composition and nutrition value. CAB Inter, 8: 1681-1693.
  • Mendes Leal AS. 2012. Preparation and biological evaluation of new triterpene derivatives of ursolic and oleanolic acids. Ph.D. thesis, University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal, pp: 365.
  • Motojima K, Passilly P, Peters JM, Gonzalez FJ, Latruffe N. 1998 Expression of putative fatty acid transporter genes are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma activators in a tissue- and inducer-specific manner. J Biol Chem, 273: 16710-16714.
  • Nakajima T, Tanaka N, Kanbe H, Hara A, Kamijo Y, Zhang X, Gonzalez FJ, Aoyama T. 2009. Bezafibrate at clinically relevant doses decreases serum/livertriglycerides via down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c in mice: a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-independent mechanism. Molec Pharmacol, 75: 782-792.
  • Peguri A, Coon C. 1993. Effect of feather coverage and temperature on layer performance. Poultry Sci, 72,1318-1329.
  • Plavnik I, Wax E, Sklan D, Hurwitz S. 1997. The response of broiler chickens and turkey poults to dietary energy supplied either by fat or carbohydrates. Poultry Sci, 76:1000-1005.
  • Rao VS, de Melo CL, Queiroz MG, Lemos TL, Menezes DB, Melo TS, Santos FA. 2011. Ursolic acid, a pentacyclictriterpene from Sambucusaustralis, prevents abdominal adiposity in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Med Food, 14: 1375-1382.
  • Reddy J, Nonalcoholic K. 2001. Steatosis and Steatohepatitis - III. Peroxisomal beta-oxidation, PPAR alpha, and steatohepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 28: 1333-1339.
  • Rozenboim I, Mahato J, Cohen NA, Tirosh O. 2016. Low protein and high-energy diet: a possible natural cause of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in caged White Leghorn laying hens. Poultry Sci, 95:612-621.
  • Shini S, Stewart G, Shini A, Bryden W. 2006. Mortality rates and causes of death in laying hens kept in cage and alternative housing systems, In Proceeding of 12th European Poultry Conference, 10-14 September, Verona, Italy, pp: 601
  • Splittgerber H, Wein FK, Arhelger R. 1969. Untersuebungen über die Hö'he des Fettgehaltes der Lebern von Hemzen bei versehiedenen Futlermisc!wngen. Deutsch Geflügclwirtschaft, 12, (24): 1021-1022.
  • Squires EJ, Leeson S. 1988. Aetiology of fatty liver syndrome in laying hens. British Vet J, 144: 602609.
  • Summers JD, Leeson S. 1993. Influence of diets varying in nutrient density on the development and reproductive performance of white Leghorn pullets. Poultry Sci, 72: 1500- 1509.
  • Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li YA. 1988. Simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem,34 (3): 497-500.
  • Sundaresan A, Radhiga T, Pugalendi KV. 2014. Effect of ursolic acid and Rosiglitazone combination on hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. European J Pharmacol, 741: 297-303.
  • Thomson AE, Gentry PA, Squires, EJ. 2003. Comparison of the coagulation profile of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome-susceptible laying hens and normal laying hens. British Poultry Sci, 44: 626633.
  • Tietze F. 1969. Enzymic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidized glutathione, applications to mammalian blood and other tissues. Anal Biochem, 27: 502-522
  • Valkonen E, Venalainen E, Rossow L, Valaja J. 2008. Effects of dietary energy content on the performance of laying hens in furnished and conventional cages. Poultry Sci, 87:844-852
  • Whitehead CC, Bowman AS, Griffin HD. 1991. The effects of dietary fat and bird age on the weights of eggs and egg components in the laying hen. British Poultry Sci, 32:565-574.
  • Yang F, Ruan J, Wang T, Luo J, Cao H, Song Y, Huang J, Guoliang HU. 2017. Improving effect of dietary soybean phospholipids supplement on hepatic and serum indexes relevant to fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens. Anim Sci J, 88: 1860-186.
  • Yki-Järvinen H. 2005. Fat in the liver and insulin resistance. Annals Med, 37 (5): 347-356
  • Yoshioka T, Kawada K, Shimada T, Mori M. 1979. Lipid peroxidation in maternal and cord blood and protective mechanism against activated oxygen toxicity in the blood. American J Obstet Gynecol, 135: 372-376.
  • Yousefi M, Shivazad M, Sohrabi-Haghdoost I. 2005. Effect of dietary factors on induction of fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome and its diagnosis methods with use of serum and liver parameters in laying hens. Inter J Poultry Sci, 4: 568-572.
  • Zhang J, Chen D, Yu B. 2008. Effect of different dietary energy sources on induction of fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens. Inter J Poultry Sci, 7 (12): 1232-1236.
  • Zhu L, Brown WC, Cai Q, Krust A, Chambon P, McGuinness OP, Stafford JM. 2013. Estrogen treatment after ovariectomy protects against fatty liver and may improve pathway selective insulin resistance. Diabetes, 62: 424-434.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fethi Polat This is me 0000-0002-3499-0124

Canan Bölükbaşı 0000-0003-1153-3489

Project Number YL-2019-6936.
Early Pub Date May 1, 2023
Publication Date May 1, 2023
Submission Date October 26, 2022
Acceptance Date April 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Polat, F., & Bölükbaşı, C. (2023). The Effect of Ursolic Acid Addition into High-Energy Laying Hen Diet on Performance, Egg Quality Parameters, Serum Lipid Profile and Liver Fat Rate. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 6(3), 287-294. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1194784

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