Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Origanum acutidens Essential Oil Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary

Year 2023, , 439 - 443, 01.09.2023

Yusuf Bayar , Zeynep Akşit , Samed Şimşek , Ali Kandemir

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1308366

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical components and evaluate the antifungal activity of Origanum acutidens essential oil. The aerial parts of O. acutidens were collected, and the hydrodistillation method was used to extract the essential oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil. The main components identified were α-terpineol (4.76%), p-cymene (7.6%), linalool (14.82%), and carvacrol (49.4%). The essential oils were tested against two pathogens in vitro experiments to evaluate their antifungal activity. Different concentrations of the essential oil were applied, and the inhibition of mycelial growth was measured. The results demonstrated that the essential oil exhibited antifungal properties against both pathogens. At a dose of 4.8 µL/Petri dish, the mycelial growth of both pathogens was completely inhibited. However, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum showed higher tolerance to the essential oil compared to Phytophthora infestans. Furthermore, a dose-effect study was conducted as a part of this research. The LC50 values (lethal concentration at which 50% of the pathogens' growth is inhibited) for P. infestans and S. sclerotiorum were calculated as 0.982 µL/Petri and 1.61 µL/Petri, respectively. The study concluded that the essential oil of O. acutidens has the potential to be a natural antifungal agent, particularly against S. sclerotiorum and P. infestans. However, further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of action and explore potential applications of this essential oil in managing plant diseases.

Keywords

Origanum acutidens, Essential oil, Antifungal activity, Plant pathogens

References

• Affes TG, Lasram S, Hammami M, Yeddes W, Wannes WA, Khammassi S, Nasraoui B, Tounsi MS, Hmida NLB. 2022. A comparative assessment of antifungal activity of essential oils of five medicinal plants from Tunisia. Int J Plant Bas Pharm, 2: 220-227.
• Aksit H, Bayar Y, Simsek S, Ulutas Y. 2022. Chemical composition and antifungal activities of the essential oils of Thymus species (Thymus pectinatus, Thymus convolutus, Thymus vulgaris) against plant pathogens. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants, 25: 200-207.
• Alkan M, Güzel M, Akşit H, Alkan FR, Evli̇ce E. 2021. Chemical components and insecticidal effects of essential oils from three lavender cultivars against adult Sitophilus granarius (L., 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Turk Entomol Derg, 45: 405-416.
• Baser K, Tümen G, Duman H. 1997. Essential oil of Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) letswaart. J Essent Oil Res, 9: 91-92.
• Baser KHC, Buchbauer G. 2009. Handbook of essential oils: science, technology, and applications. CRC press, London, UK, pp: 994.
• Bayar Y. 2018. Nohut yanıklık hastalığı [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass) Labr.]’nın farklı izolatlarına karşı Mentha spicata L. uçucu yağının antifungal aktivitesinin belirlenmesi. Türk Tar Araşt Derg, 5: 92-96.
• Blancard D. 2012. Tomato diseases: identification, biology and control: a colour handbook: CRC Press, London, UK, pp: 688.
• Çetin B, Çakmakçı S, Cakmakci R. 2011. The investigation of antimicrobial activity of thyme and oregano essential oils. Turkish J Agric For, 35: 145-154.
• Cosge B, Turker A, Ipek A, Gurbuz B, Arslan N. 2009. Chemical compositions and antibacterial activities of the essential oils from aerial parts and corollas of Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Ietswaart, an endemic species to Turkey. Molecules, 14: 1702-1712.
• El Ayeb‐Zakhama A, Sakka‐Rouis L, Flamini G, Ben Jannet H, Harzallah‐Skhiri F. 2017. Chemical composition and allelopathic potential of essential oils from Citharexylum spinosum L. grown in Tunisia. Chem Biodivers, 14: e1600225.
• Genç S, Soysal Mİ. 2018. Parametric and nonparametric post hoc tests. BSJ Eng Sci, 1(1): 18-27.
• Gulec A K, Erecevit P, Yuce E, Arslan A, Bagci E, Kirbag S. 2014. Antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts and essential oil with the composition of endemic Origanum acutidens (Lamiaceae). J Essenti Oil-Bear Plants, 17: 353-358.
• Isman MB. 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Protect, 19: 603-608.
• Kordali S, Cakir A, Ozer H, Cakmakci R, Kesdek M, Mete E. 2008. Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene. Bioresource Technol, 99: 8788-8795.
• Kurt Ş, Güneş U, Soylu EM. 2011. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of synthetic pure isothiocyanates against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Pest Man Sci, 67: 869-875.
• Otun S, Ntushelo K. 2020. Proteomic analysis of the phytogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. J Chrom B Biomed Appl, 1144: 122053.
• Sökmen M, Serkedjieva J, Daferera D, Gulluce M, Polissiou M, Tepe B, Akpulat HA, Sahin F, Sokmen A. 2004. In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities of the essential oil and various extracts from herbal parts and callus cultures of Origanum acutidens. J Agric Food Chem, 52: 3309-3312.
• Tomić A, Šovljanski O, Nikolić V, Pezo L, Aćimović M, Cvetković M, Stanojev J, Kuzmanović N, Markov S. 2023. Screening of antifungal activity of essential oils in controlling biocontamination of historical papers in archives. Antibiotics, 12: 103.
• Yavuz A, Onaran A, Bayar Y. 2022. Endemik serik armudu (Pyrus serikensis)’nun yaprak ve meyve ekstraktlarının bazı bitki patojeni funguslara karşı biyofungusidal aktivitesi. Türk Tar ve Doğa Bil Derg, 9: 256-262.