Orta Gelirli ve OECD Üyesi Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve Kirlilik

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 1992 – 2017 dönemi için orta gelirli ülkelerde ve OECD ülkelerinde doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin karbon emisyonları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Bu amaçla, panel verilerdeki potansiyel içsellik, ihmal edilmiş değişken ve eşzamanlılık sapmalarını dikkate alan iki aşamalı bir sistem GMM dinamik panel veri tahmincisi kullanılmıştır. Analizlerden elde edilen ampirik sonuçlar, doğrudan yabancı yatırımların orta gelirli ülkelerde karbon emisyonlarını artırdığını göstermekte ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kirlilik cenneti hipotezinin geçerliliğini desteklemektedir. Bununla birlikte, ampirik bulgular, doğrudan yabancı yatırımların gelişmiş ekonomiler üzerinde küçük bir hale etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmamız ayrıca Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezinin destekler sonuçlar da ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Kirlilik Sığınağı Hipotezi
• Karbon Emisyonu
• Sistem GMM

Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution in Middle Income and OECD Member Countries

Abstract

This study reexamines the impact of foreign direct investment inflows on carbon emissions in middle-income and OECD countries over the period 1992 – 2017. For that purpose, we employ a two-step system GMM dynamic panel data estimator controlling for endogeneity, omitted variable, and simultaneity in our panels. The empirical results from the analyses show that FDI increases carbon emissions in middle-income countries and provide evidence of the pollution haven hypothesis in developing countries. Our findings suggest that FDI has a small halo effect on advanced economies. Our study also provides evidence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis across different panel samples.

Keywords

• Pollution Haven Hypothesis
• Carbon Emission
• System GMM

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