Globalleşmenin İşsizlik Üzerine Etkisi: KOF Endeksi İle OECD Ülkelerinde Ampirik Bir İnceleme (1990- 2021)

Abstract

Bu çalışma, küreselleşmenin işsizlik üzerindeki etkilerini OECD ülkeleri örneğinde 1990-2021 dönemi verileriyle ekonometrik olarak incelemektedir. Küreselleşme; ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasi boyutlarıyla ülkelerin istihdam yapısını derinden etkileyen çok boyutlu bir süreçtir. Çalışmada küreselleşmenin ölçümünde KOF Küreselleşme Endeksi kullanılmış; genel, ekonomik ve ticari küreselleşme düzeylerinin işsizlik oranları üzerindeki etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Ampirik analizde, ilgili döneme ait panel veri seti ve kontrol değişkenleri aracılığıyla, küreselleşmenin işsizlik üzerinde hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkiler yaratabileceği ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, küreselleşmenin istihdam üzerindeki etkisinin ülke yapısına, gelişmişlik düzeyine ve entegrasyon kapasitesine bağlı olarak farklılık gösterdiğini teyit etmektedir

Keywords

• küreselleşme
• işsizlik
• kof indeks

The Impact of Globalization on Unemployment: An Empirical Analysis of OECD Countries Using the KOF Index (1990-2021)

Abstract

This study econometrically examines the effects of globalization on unemployment using data from OECD countries for the period 1990–2021. Globalization is a multidimensional process that profoundly influences the employment structure of countries through its economic, social, and political dimensions. In this study, the KOF Globalization Index is used to measure globalization, and the effects of overall, economic, and trade globalization levels on unemployment rates are analyzed. The empirical analysis, based on panel data and control variables for the relevant period, reveals that globalization can have both positive and negative effects on unemployment. The findings confirm that the impact of globalization on employment varies depending on a country's structural characteristics, level of development, and capacity for integration

Keywords

• globalizatıon
• unemployment
• kof index

References

1. Altıner, A., Bozkurt, E., & Toktaş, Y. (2018). The Effect of Economic Globalization on Unemployment in Emerging Market Economies. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(2), 1763-1783.
2. Awad, A., & Youssof, I. (2016). The Impact of Economic Globalisation on Unemployment: The Malaysian Experience. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 25(7), 938–958.
3. Daly, V., Ullah, F., Rauf, A., & Khan, G. Y. (2017). Globalization and Unemployment in Pakistan. Kingston University Discussion Paper, 2, 1–16.
4. Dreher, A. (2006). Does Globalization Affect Growth? Evidence from a New Index of Globalization. Applied Economics, 38(10), 1091–1110.
5. Doğan, B. (2016). The Effects of Globalization On Employment: Bounds Test Approach in Turkey Sample. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 6(10), 620.
6. Dutt, P., & Mitra D., & Ranjan P. (2009). International Trade and Unemployment: Theory and Cross-National Evidence. Journal of International Economics 78, 32-44.
7. Erer, D., & Erer, E. (2014). AB Ülkelerinde Küreselleşmenin İşsizlik Üzerine Etkileri: Mekansal Panel Veri Analizi. Çukurova Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 18(2), 21-36.
8. Gennari, A., & Albuquerque, C. (2011). Globalization, Unemployment and The (New) Poverty: Their Impacts Upon Portuguese and Brazilian Societies. Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, 92, 5–28.

9. Gozgor, G. (2017). The Impact of Globalization on the Structural Unemployment: An Empirical Reappraisal. International Economic Journal, 31(4), 471–484.
10. Harms, P., & Hefeker, C. (2003). Globalization and Unemployment: The Role of International Diversification. Economics Letters, 78(2), 281–286.
11. Heckscher, E., & Ohlin, B. (1933). International and Inter-Regional Trade. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
12. Jayadevan, C. M., Hoang, N. T., & Yarram, S. R. (2025). Interaction Effect of Economic Globalization and Income Per Capita On Unemployment. Economies, 13(1), 72-80.
13. Koray, M. (1997). Küreselleşme İlerlerken Gerileyenler: Ekonomi Karşısında Sosyal, Sermaye Karşısında Emek, Piyasa Karşısında Siyaset. İktisat Dergisi, 369(97), 17-27.
14. Ogunrinola, I. S., & Osabuohien, E. S. C. (2010). Küreselleşme ve Nijerya'nın İmalat Sektöründe Istihdam Yaratma (1990-2006). European Journal of Social Sciences, 12(4), 581-593.
15. Pal, S., & Villanthenkodath, M. A. (2024). Economic Globalization and Unemployment: Evidence from High-, Middle- And Low-Income Countries. International Social Science Journal, 74, 1087–1112.
16. Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. (05.04.2025), Retrieved from https:// competitionandappropriation.econ.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/95/1970/01/Principles-of-Political-Economy-and-Taxation-1817.pdf.
17. Tausch, A. (2010). Globalization and Unemployment: Empirical Reflections from The World-System Theory Perspective. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 128(129), 71–86.